活性氧对哺乳动物早期胚胎体外发育阻滞的研究进展

哺乳动物早期胚胎体外培养过程中常发生体外发育阻滞现象，活性氧是引起发育阻滞的重要原因之一，作者综合国内外研究报道，综述了活性氧对哺乳动物早期胚胎体外发育的影响及克服发育阻滞现象的方法，为哺乳动物胚胎体外培养提供一些参考。     

活性氧对哺乳动物早期胚胎发育的影响

活性氧(ROS)是自然界普遍存在的含氧化合物的总称,它对哺乳动物早期胚胎发育具有不良影响。本文综述了活性氧对哺乳动物早期胚胎发育的影响以及它与胚胎体外发育阻滞的内在联系,对深入探讨哺乳动物早期胚胎体外发育阻滞的机理具有一定的意义。     

提高绵羊早期体外胚胎发育效率的研究

哺乳动物胚胎体外发育培养技术是胚胎发育生物学、转基因、动物克隆等研究的重要技术平台.因此,建立稳定的体外胚胎培养体系和提高胚胎发育效果显得尤为重要.     

哺乳动物早期胚胎体外发育阻滞的产生与克服

哺乳动物早期胚胎发育阻滞是体外培养条件下普遍存在的现象。文中就离体情况下由于生长环境的变化使早期胚胎所遭受到外界因素的影响进行了探析。综合国内外研究报道，提出通过改善培养条件和利用体细胞共培养，克服早期胚胎的体外发育阻滞。旨在为哺乳动物胚胎的体外培养提供一些参考。     

DNA甲基化/去甲基化与哺乳动物胚胎的体外发育

DNA甲基化及去甲基化是哺乳动物表观遗传修饰的主要方式之一,与哺乳动物胚胎的发育密切相关。因此深入研究DNA甲基化与去甲基化的发生机制,对于改善早期胚胎的发育具有重要意义。本文对哺乳动物胚胎早期发育过程中的DNA甲基化动态修饰进行了综述。     

哺乳动物腔前卵泡体外培养研究进展

哺乳动物腔前卵泡的体外培养可充分挖掘优良母畜潜在的遗传和繁殖潜力,为体外胚胎生产提供大量的卵母细胞来源,因而正日益受到人们的重视。本文就哺乳动物腔前卵泡的体外发育中的培养系统、培养方法,培养形式以及影响其体外发育的因素等几个方面进行了阐述。     

低氧分压通过低氧诱导因子(HIF)影响卵母细胞的体外成熟和早期胚胎的发育

卵母细胞和早期胚胎的体外培养(IVC)是哺乳动物胚胎工程的一项关键技术,是生殖生物学和转基因与克隆技术等生物技术研究的基础.影响卵母细胞和早期胚胎体外培养的因素包括培养液组成成分、离子浓度和渗透压,培养环境气相组成和温度等.最近研究表明,培养系统中的氧分压可以显著影响胚胎的发育,而这种影响主要由低氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)进行调控.作者综述了氧分压及HIF对卵母细胞和早期胚胎体外发育的影响,并对HIF的结构及调控机制进行讨论,为研究低氧培养技术在卵母细胞和早期胚胎体外培养中的应用提供依据.     

无机离子对哺乳动物早期胚胎培养的影响

无机离子对哺乳动物早期胚胎培养的影响李光鹏，严云勤（东北农学院生物工程系·哈尔滨·１５００３０）哺乳动物胚胎的体外培养是研究哺乳动物早期胚胎发生及其机制的重要手段、是动物胚胎工程的基本技术之一．体外培养的最基本问题是培养液的化学组成。包括能源物质的种...     

生长因子在着床前鼠胚发育中的作用

近年来,大量的研究显示。生长因子在哺乳动物着床前胚胎的发育中起了十分重要的作用。首先。哺乳动物着床前胚胎以及生殖道中可以表达多种生长因子及其受体,并且在体外实验中通过添加生长因子,如EGF、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ等能显著促进胚胎细胞的增生与分化。同时,如果加入抗生长因子抗体或受体抑制剂。可以阻     

共培养体系对哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟影响的研究进展

卵母细胞体外成熟是进行体外胚胎生产的关键环节,但目前哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟培养存在成熟率低、受精率低和胚胎质量差等问题。卵母细胞体外成熟培养体系是制约卵母细胞体外成熟效果的重要因素,共培养体系可提高哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟效率。本文主要从卵母细胞成熟与卵泡细胞共培养、与裸卵共培养和与间充质干细胞共培养3个方面综述共培养体系对哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,为共培养体系应用于卵母细胞体外成熟提供理论依据和研究借鉴。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …