草地贪夜蛾成虫与灯下4种相似种的形态特征比较

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是2019年新入侵我国的一种重大迁飞性害虫,在灯诱监测过程中,草地贪夜蛾成虫易与旋歧夜蛾Anarta trifolii(Hufnagel)、陌夜蛾Trachea atriplicis(Linnaeus)、甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae(Linnaeus)、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)4种夜蛾的成虫混淆。本文通过制作标本进行形态鉴定,并结合相关资料进行对比分析,发现翅面颜色、斜纹位置和长度、顶角特征等有助于几种夜蛾的区分,此外,前足基部明显膨大也是识别草地贪夜蛾的关键特征。草地贪夜蛾的雄性外生殖器容易与斜纹夜蛾的混淆,与其他两种有明显区别。掌握关键分类特征,可以准确识别上述5种夜蛾,为草地贪夜蛾的预测预报奠定基础。     

草地贪夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾的形态特征和生物学习性比较

草地贪夜蛾入侵我国云南西部地区后,在田间与斜纹夜蛾混合发生。由于二者寄主种类、发生规律和形态特征十分相似,给调查和测报工作带来了很大的困难。对草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的形态特征观察发现,草地贪夜蛾卵块鳞毛较为疏松,且单块卵量明显少于斜纹夜蛾;草地贪夜蛾幼虫头部有白色Y纹,第8腹节具方形黑点,而斜纹夜蛾幼虫亚背线内侧各体节均有1对三角形黑色斑纹,且第1腹节和第8腹节较大;草地贪夜蛾蛹臀棘无倒钩或弯曲,而斜纹夜蛾臀棘末端有弯曲或倒钩;草地贪夜蛾成虫体型小于斜纹夜蛾,其雄蛾前翅环形纹黄褐色、肾形纹灰褐色、剑状纹不明显、顶角具较大的白色块斑,而斜纹夜蛾雄虫前翅环形纹白色、外横线与亚缘线间具泛紫色斑纹、剑状纹明显。和斜纹夜蛾相比,草地贪夜蛾大龄幼虫具有明显的自残习性。除此之外,两种害虫的迁飞、交配、繁殖等生物学习性有较高的相似度。本文的研究结果为草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾田间卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫密度监控工作提供了技术支持。     

草地贪夜蛾形态特征及与3种玉米田为害特征和形态相近鳞翅目昆虫的比较

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是一种重要的世界性害虫,目前已经侵入我国云南省。田间调查发现,草地贪夜蛾与甜菜夜蛾S.exigua、斜纹夜蛾S.litura和黏虫Mythimna separata在玉米上往往混合发生,且形态相近,容易混淆。本文详细描述了草地贪夜蛾卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的外部形态特征,并比较了其与甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾和黏虫的幼虫和成虫的形态差异。本文为草地贪夜蛾的准确鉴别和田间调查提供依据,并为草地贪夜蛾的精准测报奠定基础。     

草地贪夜蛾与玉米灌浆期3种常见夜蛾科害虫的形态特征比较

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是全球预警的一种重大迁飞性农业害虫。2019年1月入侵我国,目前已扩散蔓延至我国24个省份。田间调查发现,在玉米灌浆期,草地贪夜蛾与黏虫Mythimna separata(Walker)、劳氏黏虫Leucania loreyi(Duponchel)和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)等夜蛾科害虫常常混合发生,且形态相近,容易混淆,给调查和测报工作带来很大困难。本文详细描述了草地贪夜蛾卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的外部形态特征,比较了其与黏虫、劳氏黏虫和棉铃虫4个虫态在形态特征上的差别,以期为玉米灌浆期草地贪夜蛾的准确鉴别和田间调查提供依据,并为其精准测报奠定基础。     

山东省发现二点委夜蛾近似种一双委夜蛾

2012-2013年先后在山东威海玉米田和德州杂草下发现了一种与二点委夜蛾［Athetis lepigone (M ?schler)］幼虫和成虫形态相似的近似种, 与二点委夜蛾混合发生, 后经中国科学院武春生博士鉴定为双委夜蛾［Athetis dissimilis (Hampson)］, 本文将其形态特征和生物学特性进行简单描述, 比较了与二点委夜蛾形态学上的差异, 为进一步研究双委夜蛾提供参考。     

二点委夜蛾形态特征及生物学特性

二点委夜蛾是近年来我国夏玉米上发现的一种新害虫,目前在我国玉米产区有加重为害和成灾的趋势。为便于田间准确识别该虫、调查其发生为害规律以及掌握其主要生物学特性,在室内对二点委夜蛾不同发育阶段的形态特征和主要生物学特性进行了系统观测。结果表明,在温度为(26±1)℃、相对湿度70%左右、光周期L14 h∥D10 h、人工饲料饲养条件下,二点委夜蛾卵期平均为4.25 d;幼虫一般为5龄,幼虫期平均为18.28 d;蛹期平均为7.69 d,蛹重平均可达75.77 mg;成虫产卵前期平均为3.29 d,产卵可持续9.13d,平均每雌产卵量为305.3粒,最多产500粒,最少132粒。雌雄蛾平均寿命分别为14.75 d和18.88 d。整个世代发育历期约为33.35 d。     

4种杀虫剂防治紫花苜蓿田斜纹夜蛾的效果比较

选用4种杀虫剂对紫花苜蓿田的斜纹夜蛾进行防治试验。结果表明,施药1 d后,5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和5%甲维盐微乳剂防效分别为58.22%和57.69%,两者差异不显著,但极显著高于另外两种药剂。施药3 d后,5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂防效最高,达93.60%,其他药剂防效从高到低依次为5%甲维盐微乳剂45%毒死蜱乳油20亿PIB/m L棉铃虫核型多角体病毒悬浮剂。4种药剂间存在极显著差异。施药7 d后,5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和20亿PIB/m L棉铃虫核型多角体病毒悬浮剂防效最好,分别达93.66%和92.76%,两者差异不显著,极显著高于另外两种药剂。     

二点委夜蛾幼虫的形态特征、生活习性及为害损失研究

通过人工饲养获得不同虫龄幼虫,利用体视显微镜系统观察、检测各龄幼虫的细微结构特征及生活习性。研究发现:①二点委夜蛾幼虫期蜕皮5次共6龄,1～3龄幼虫形态特征有别。②幼虫食性杂,可以取食超过13个科30种植物。③幼虫惧光,对高温敏感,昼伏夜出,有转株为害习性。④夏季二点委夜蛾暴发期与夏玉米幼苗期相遇,可造成夏玉米严重受害。     

竹笋基夜蛾在笋用竹林中的种群动态及空间分布格局

在田间调查基础上,研究了竹笋基夜蛾[Kumasia kumaso(Sugi)]幼虫在早竹林和红哺鸡竹林中的种群动态.结果表明,竹笋基夜蛾幼虫在两种竹林中种群消长曲线均呈倒V形变化.种群密度高峰期出现在4月下旬,在红哺鸡竹林中种群密度高峰较在早竹林中推迟约6d.通过频次分析法和9种聚集度指标对竹笋基夜蛾幼虫在早竹和红哺鸡竹林内的空间分布型进行了测定.结果表明,竹笋基夜蛾幼虫在两种寄主竹林中的空间分布格局均符合Neyman分布和P-E核心分布2种分布模型.各聚集度指标也均表明竹笋基夜蛾在早竹和红哺鸡竹林中呈现聚集分布.聚集原因是由于环境因素引起的.     

二点委夜蛾的形态、为害及防控

介绍了二点委夜蛾与黄地老虎、小地老虎在形态特征方面的区别,以及二点委夜蛾的为害症状类型,在河北的发生为害情况及其发生规律与为害特点,提出了防控关键技术。     

广西田间发现2种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)是世界性重大迁飞害虫,自2019年入侵我国西南地区后迅速向北扩散,严重威胁我国粮食作物生产安全。挖掘和筛选本地优势天敌,对开展草地贪夜蛾生物防治具有重要意义。2020年夏季在广西南宁市和北海市野外开展草地贪夜蛾及其天敌调查时发现2种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂,通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定为棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida和斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂Microplitis prodeniae Rao & Kurian。本文详细记述了这两种幼虫寄生蜂的形态特征,以期为今后筛选和利用草地贪夜蛾寄生性天敌提供参考。     

中国鳞翅目夜蛾科三新记录种及草螟科一新记录种记述

本文于2013年和2014年在北京市的农业植物疫情监测点,利用黑光灯诱集到大量蛾类昆虫。经对部分诱集昆虫制作标本并进行种类鉴定,发现中国新记录蛾类昆虫4种,包括夜蛾科3种及草螟科1种:鉴定为帕委夜蛾Athetis pallidipennis Sugi、蒲裳夜蛾Catocala puella Leech、蒙逸夜蛾Caradrina montana Bremer、边薄翅螟Evergestis limbata(Linnaeus)。该4种昆虫在北京的发现为中国昆虫分类学研究增加了新材料。     

Surveillance for Spodoptera frugiperda,fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Korea

The Animal and Plant Quarantine Service, South Korea, developed a specific plan for Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), the fall armyworm, in 2019 to implement the surveillance for early detection for this pest. The fall armyworm surveillance program involved seasonal monitoring of the pest with pheromone traps placed into fields of cereal crops at high-risk locations. In 2019, the trapping season ran from early spring to late autumn, with a total deployment of 140 traps. During the season, a total of 10 male adults were captured in these surveillance traps placed in South Korea and it has since been eradicated from these localities. Additionally, the fall armyworm was intercepted 12 times on asparagus from Peru and Thailand at South Korean ports of entry.     

江西省裳夜蛾亚科昆虫名录（鳞翅目;夜蛾科）

本文记述了江西省裳夜蛾亚科的昆虫24个属71种昆虫,其中2种江西新纪录。     

Lack of cross-resistance to indoxacarb in insecticide-resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

Two field strains of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), collected from corn in north Florida showed high resistance to carbaryl (626- and 1159-fold) and moderate resistance to parathion-methyl (30- and 39-fold) as compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. A field strain of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) collected from cabbage in north Florida and selected for 20 generations with permethrin showed high resistance to permethrin (987-fold) as compared with a susceptible strain. However, in all instances, no cross-resistance to indoxacarb, a novel oxidiazine insecticide, was observed in these two species. Biochemical studies revealed that, in S. frugiperda, activities of detoxification enzymes (microsomal oxidase, glutathione S-transferase and general esterase) were significantly higher in the field strains than in the susceptible strain, indicating that these detoxification enzymes were not actively involved in the resistance to indoxacarb. The lack of cross-resistance between indoxacarb and permethrin in P. xylostella further supports the notion that the mode of action of these insecticides on the insect sodium channel is different.     

Monitoring of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to chlorantraniliprole in China

Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua is a major insect pest of vegetables in China, and has been reported to develop resistance to many broad-spectrum insecticides. Recently registered chlorantraniliprole provides a novel option for control of this pest resistant to other conventional insecticides. The susceptibilities of field collected populations were measured by diet incorporation assay with neonate, obvious variation of susceptibility was observed among the 18 field populations with LC₅₀ values varying from 0.039 to 0.240 mg/liter. Moderate resistant level was discovered in 8 of 18 field populations, other 8 populations had become low level tolerance to chlorantraniliprole, and only one population in all the field colonies remained susceptible. Biochemical assays were performed to determine the potential mechanisms involved in tolerance variation. Field populations displayed varied detoxification enzyme activities, but the regression analysis between chlorantraniliprole toxicities and enzyme activities demonstrated each field population might have specific biochemical mechanisms for tolerance. Artificial selection in laboratory with chlorantraniliprole was carried out, 23 generations of continuous selections resulted in 11.8-fold increase in resistance to chlorantraniliprole, and 3.0-fold and 3.7-fold increases in mixed function oxidase and esterase, respectively. Compared with the susceptible strain kept in laboratory the selection strain had developed 128.6-fold resistance to this insecticide. Synergism assays showed the detoxification enzymes might not involved in the resistance observed in field collected populations and the selected strain.     

Interaction of acetic acid and phenylacetaldehyde as attractants for trapping pest species of moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: Phenylacetaldehyde is a flower volatile and attractant for many nectar‐seeking moths. Acetic acid is a microbial fermentation product that is present in insect sweet baits. It is weakly attractive to some moths and other insects, but can be additive or synergistic with other compounds to make more powerful insect lures. RESULTS: Acetic acid and phenylacetaldehyde presented together in traps made a stronger lure than either chemical alone for moths of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer) and the armyworm Spodoptera albula (Walker). However, this combination of chemicals reduced captures of the cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), the silver Y moth Autographa gamma (L.), MacDunnoughia confusa (Stephens) and the soybean looper moth Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) by comparison with phenylacetaldehyde alone. CONCLUSION: These results indicate both positive and negative interactions of acetic acid, a sugar fermentation odor cue, and phenylacetaldehyde, a floral scent cue, in eliciting orientation responses of moths. This research provides a new two‐component lure for the alfalfa looper A. californica and for the armyworm S. albula for potential use in pest management. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Expression and inheritance of nerve insensitivity resistance in larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China

Nerve insensitivity resistance to synthetic pyrethroids was detected in a resistant field strain (JSFX-R) of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), using a neurophysiological assay in which extracellular spontaneous neuronal activity was measured in response to cis-cypermethrin. The nerve insensitivity mechanism was selected using a combination of toxicological and neurophysiological methods. The third-instar larvae in selected strains of Family-37 and CTR strain expressed a very high resistance to fenvalerate (RF = 2060-fold and 805-fold, respectively) and high cross-resistance to DDT (RF = 1927-fold and 2384-fold, respectively) which was not affected by two metabolic synergists, PBO and DMC. The frequency of nerve-insensitive individuals detected in neurophysiological assays (54, 81 and 100% for JSFX-R strain, and the selected strains Family-43 and Family-37, respectively) was not only positively correlated (R² = 0.968) with the frequency of non-PBO-synergisable resistant individuals detected in toxicological tests (37.5, 62.5 and 90% for JSFX-R strain, Family-43 and Family-37, respectively), but also positively correlated (R² = 0.978) with the frequency of DDT-resistant individuals detected in toxicological tests (40, 67.5 and 93.3% for JSFX-R strain, Family-43 and Family-37, respectively). Analysis of dose–mortality lines to DDT and fenvalerate from F₁ hybrids (R♀ × S♂) indicated that nerve insensitivity resistance to DDT and fenvalerate in the CTR strain was inherited in an incompletely recessive pattern. Degree of dominance (D) was estimated to be −0.66 (± 0.06) (DDT) and −0.26 (± 0.04) (fenvalerate). The dose–mortality curves to DDT in back-cross progeny were strongly suggested, by chi-square analysis, to be fitted with those expected of a one-gene model. Evidence for the co-existence of nerve insensitivity and oxidative metabolic resistance mechanisms within individual H armigera and the effects of their interaction on the expression of resistance to fenvalerate are discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

On the species ofRhyacionia Hübner [1825] (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Turkey

Three forest pest species of the genusRhyacionia Hübner [1825] (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) that are known to damagePinus species are found in Turkey:R. buoliana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775),R. pinicolana, (Doubleday, 1849) andR. pinivorana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846).R. pinivorana is recorded for the first time from Turkey.R. pinicolana, first recorded in 1999, is now reported for the second time from Turkey. Photographs are presented of adult males and their genitalia of all taxa and the species distribution is shown on a map.