30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对荔枝叶螨不同螨态的生物活性和田间防效

为评价新型杀螨剂30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对荔枝叶螨的活性,对荔枝叶螨的不同螨态进行了室内活性测定及田间药效试验。室内试验结果表明:采用玻片浸渍法和浸叶法测得的30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对成螨的LC_(50)分别为0.977和0.248 mg/L,其毒力分别是对照药剂43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂的0.50和7.33倍;分别采用浸叶法和浸叶碟法测定了30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对幼若螨和卵的活性,LC_(50)分别为0.094和0.380 mg/L,活性分别为对照药剂43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂的4.07和98.40倍。处理24 h后,相同浓度的30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂和43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂对荔枝叶螨的产卵抑制率和产卵抑制指数无明显差异,但处理48 h及72 h后,30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂的产卵抑制率和产卵抑制指数显著高于43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂。田间防效试验结果表明:30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂稀释4 500倍药后1 d防效达73%以上,药后20 d防效仍维持在90%以上,30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂防治荔枝叶螨的速效性和持效性均优于43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂。     

40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑悬浮剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛田间药效试验

为筛选高效低毒的杀螨剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛,本试验采用不同浓度的40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑SC进行柑橘红蜘蛛的田间药效试验。结果表明,40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑SC 12 000倍液、10 000倍液时,速效性一般,持效性良好,在施药后3 d,防效分别达到64.47%和74.59%;在施药后30 d,防效分别达到73.45%和81.98%。40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑SC可作为防治柑橘红蜘蛛的轮换或替换药剂。建议在柑橘红蜘蛛发生高峰前期,田间柑橘红蜘蛛种群密度达到5头/叶左右时,使用40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑SC 10 000～12 000倍液进行防治。     

新型杀螨剂-乙唑螨腈对草莓二斑叶螨防效及安全性研究

以二斑叶螨为Tetranychus urticae Koch试虫,采用田间药效试验的方法,研究了乙唑螨腈等6种杀螨剂对二斑叶螨的田间防效及对草莓的安全性。以期为草莓二斑叶螨防控提供高效、安全的杀螨剂。结果表明:30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂速效性与持效性最好,药后1d的防效为91.80%,14d防效为95.56%;20%丁氟螨酯悬浮剂和100g/L联苯菊酯乳油2种药剂的速效性较好,持效性较差,药后Id防效在83%-89%,药后14d的防效在27%~46%;43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂在药后3d的防效最高,达到87.87%;1.8%阿维菌素乳油在药后1~14d防效在36%-72%之间。73%炔螨特乳油在365mg/L浓度下对草莓叶片产生药害,其它药剂对草莓安全。     

乙唑螨腈与螺螨酯混用对柑橘全爪螨的田间防治效果评价

柑橘全爪螨 Panonychus citri 是一种重要的世界性害螨, 已对多种常用杀螨剂产生了不同程度的抗性?为有效控制该害螨的危害, 本研究于2017年-2018年通过田间小区试验评价了30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC?30%乙唑螨腈SC?240 g/L螺螨酯SC?1.8%阿维菌素EC及43%联苯肼酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果及其对柑橘树的安全性?研究结果表明:试验浓度下, 叶面喷施1次上述药剂均对柑橘树安全?30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC及30%乙唑螨腈SC能有效控制柑橘全爪螨危害, 速效性好, 持效期长达30 d, 药后1~30 d的防治效果分别为76.55%~100%和81.21%~98.30%?240 g/L螺螨酯SC和43%联苯肼酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的控制作用较好, 速效性一般而持效期可达30 d, 药后1~30 d的防治效果分别为69.15%~91.55%和64.63%~88.46%?1.8%阿维菌素EC难以控制柑橘全爪螨危害, 速效性较差, 持效期约15 d; 药后1~30 d对该害螨的防治效果为57.08%~83.39%?综上所述, 在柑橘生产实践中, 为有效控制柑橘全爪螨为害, 应于害螨初发期叶面喷施1次30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC 75 mg/kg或30%乙唑螨腈SC 100 mg/kg?     

联肼·乙螨唑对蔬菜优势叶螨产卵发育的影响及其田间防效

为明确新型复配杀螨剂联肼·乙螨唑对目前蔬菜田常发生的2种优势叶螨二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae和截形叶螨T. truncatus的杀螨活性,于室内采用离体叶碟法测定其对这2种叶螨产卵及发育的影响,于室外采用活体植株评价该药剂对2种叶螨的田间防效。结果表明,经复配杀螨剂联肼·乙螨唑及其单剂处理2种叶螨雌成螨24 h后,死亡率为20.50%～54.98%,均显著高于清水对照;联肼·乙螨唑处理较清水对照显著降低了2种叶螨卵发育至若螨期的比率,联肼·乙螨唑处理后二斑叶螨和截形叶螨的若螨率分别为4.91%和1.63%。田间试验中联肼·乙螨唑对2种叶螨具有一定的速效性,药后3 d对二斑叶螨和截形叶螨的防效分别达95.74%和89.83%,药后7 d防效分别为98.03%和99.44%,显示了优良的防控效果及持效性。表明复配杀螨剂联肼·乙螨唑可用于田间蔬菜优势叶螨种群的高效防控。     

36％螺虫乙酯·联苯肼酯悬浮剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛田间药效试验

为筛选防治柑橘红蜘蛛的高效低毒新杀螨剂,笔者应用螺虫乙酯、联苯肼酯,及其复配组合物螺虫乙酯·联苯肼酯3种药剂开展药效试验,探明不同药剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛的防治效果。结果表明,3种药剂均具有较好的防效,持效期较长,但速效性表现一般。在药后3d,复配组合物螺虫乙酯·联苯肼酯的防效与联苯肼酯相当,达到83.76%。在药后30d,螺虫乙酯·联苯肼酯防效与螺虫乙酯相当,达到82.54%。     

240克/升螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验

试验结果表明,240g/L螺螨酯SC4000倍液、5000倍液对柑橘全爪螨防治效果好,持效期长,药后40d防效仍达到90.50%以上,最差的240g/L螺螨酯SC6000倍用药后40d防效也达到86%以上,加上对果树的叶、花、果比较安全,240g/L螺螨酯可以生产中推广应用。     

联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定及田间防效

用Potter喷雾法测定了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力, 并通过田间药效试验评价了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果。结果表明, 联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的LC50 为95.37 mg/L、对照药剂哒螨灵的LC50 为228.09 mg/L, 联苯肼酯的毒力为哒螨灵的2.39倍。2011-2012年田间药效试验表明, 药后1 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂165、195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为50%~60%, 明显低于15%哒螨灵乳油75 mg/kg处理的防效; 药后3 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂239 mg/kg处理的防效达到75%以上, 与15%哒螨灵乳油的防效相当; 药后15 d, 195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为88.63%~91.23%, 显著高于15%哒螨灵乳油的防效。本试验表明, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂对柑橘全爪螨的速效性较差, 但持效期长, 药效可持续15 d, 是防治柑橘全爪螨的较好药剂之一。     

杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨的毒力测定和对加州新小绥螨的安全性评价

为评价杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨的毒力和对加州新小绥螨的安全性,本文采用玻片浸渍法、叶片残毒法和浸叶法测定了乙唑螨腈、丁氟螨酯、乙螨唑、哒螨灵、螺螨酯和联苯肼酯对朱砂叶螨的毒力,并对这6种杀螨剂对加州新小绥螨卵孵化率和雌成螨存活率进行了测定。结果表明,6种杀螨剂用叶片残毒法测定的毒力大于玻片浸渍法测定的毒力。朱砂叶螨雌成螨对螺螨酯和乙螨唑不敏感,其余4种杀螨剂都表现出较高的毒性。哒螨灵田间使用剂量显著降低加州新小绥螨雌成螨存活率,10倍田间使用剂量处理24 h后死亡率达100%。乙螨唑和哒螨灵田间使用剂量处理后加州新小绥螨卵仅有1%和0.33%的孵化率。因此,建议应用加州新小绥螨防治害螨时,应尽量避免哒螨灵和乙螨唑的施用。     

20%阿维·螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验

以1.8%阿维菌素EC和24%螺螨酯SC为对照,进行复配药剂20%阿维·螺螨酯SC防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验。结果表明:20%阿维·螺螨酯SC对柑橘全爪螨具有良好的防治效果,其3000倍液和4000倍液药后1～35d防效达82.68%以上,极显著高于2个对照药剂;5000倍液防效达80.59%以上,极显著高于1.8%阿维菌素EC,速效性明显优于24%螺螨酯SC。其速效性好、持效期长、且对柑橘安全,值得在生产中推广应用。     

Acaricide mode of action

The last few years have seen the introduction of an unprecedented number of new classes of acaricides with novel or under-exploited modes of action, discovered by traditional screening. Acaricide research has uncovered several unrelated compounds that possess improved properties. Pyridaben, acequinocyl, diafenthiuron, etoxazole, spirodiclofen and bifenazate, in particular, are acaricides that are safe to beneficials, have low mammalian toxicity and short environmental persistence. Many of the new acaricides appear to affect mitochondrial respiration, and previously unknown targets affecting mite growth and development have been identified, offering new opportunities for mite control.     

不同种类杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治及安全性

为探讨不同杀螨剂对壁蜂Osmia cornifrons蜂螨的防控作用,筛选了适合壁蜂定巢繁殖的巢管管口内径范围,并采用药液浸渍法比较了螺螨酯、炔螨特、联苯肼酯、四螨嗪、三唑锡5种杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治效果及安全性。结果表明,壁蜂芦苇巢管管口内径在8.00~8.49 mm范围时最适合壁蜂定巢繁殖,巢室数量最多,为8.5个,显著高于其它管口内径范围下的巢室数。与空白对照相比,5种杀螨剂各剂量处理对芦苇巢管中壁蜂的巢室数均无显著影响,不同剂量的三唑锡和四螨嗪浸渍芦苇巢管均可有效控制芦苇巢管内蜂螨的为害,2种药剂各剂量处理对巢管中蜂螨的防治效果为97.22%~100.00%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为98.75%~100.00%,防治效果显著;而不同剂量的螺螨酯、炔螨特和联苯肼酯对芦苇巢管中蜂螨的防治效果较低,各剂量处理对巢管蜂螨的防治效果为39.81%~80.56%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为46.01%~83.82%。表明四螨嗪和三唑锡浸渍处理芦苇巢管可作为有效防治壁蜂蜂螨为害的安全施药手段。     

8种杀螨剂对马铃薯朱砂叶螨的防治效果

为了筛选在西北旱作区针对马铃薯朱砂叶螨的最佳防治药剂, 选择了8种杀螨剂进行两年的田间药效试验。结果表明, 24%螺螨酯悬浮剂(SC)处理下的马铃薯单株块茎数最高, 螨株率最低, 并且叶片SPAD值及光合参数值最高, 8种药剂中, 24%螺螨酯SC、43%联苯肼酯SC、2%阿维菌素SC、11%乙螨唑SC和73%炔螨特乳油(EC)对马铃薯朱砂叶螨防效高于80%, 可作为防治马铃薯朱砂叶螨的药剂。     

Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects

BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non‐target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty‐three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst‐case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose–response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC₅₀ values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose–response assay showed the LC₅₀ values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L^?1), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L^?1), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L^?1) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L^?1) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst‐case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field‐related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

三种杀螨剂对双尾新小绥螨后代生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确杀螨剂对双尾新小绥螨Neoseiulus bicaudus后代生长发育及繁殖的影响,采用联苯肼酯、三唑锡和哒螨灵对土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani的致死中浓度处理双尾新小绥螨雌成螨,测定其后代各发育阶段的存活率、发育历期、寿命、雌性比例及繁殖力,构建亚致死条件下双尾新小绥螨后代的年龄-龄期两性生命表并模拟其种群增长模型,分析不同杀螨剂亚致死效应对捕食螨后代的影响。结果表明,联苯肼酯处理能显著缩短双尾新小绥螨后代的未成熟期（4.81 d）,显著延长双尾新小绥螨后代雌成螨的寿命（45.43 d）,且对存活率、产卵前期、雌性比例和净增殖率无显著影响。三唑锡处理降低了双尾新小绥螨后代雌性比例（0.37）并显著降低了其后代净增殖率（15.91）,对未成熟期、产卵前期和雌雄成螨寿命均无显著影响。哒螨灵处理对双尾新小绥螨后代的未成熟期、存活率、雌成螨寿命、产卵前期、和雌性比例均未产生显著影响,仅显著延长了雌雄成螨寿命（51.22 d和44.23 d）。经所建Timing种群模型模拟,3种杀螨剂处理后双尾新小绥螨后代种群均可以继续增殖,经过60 d无限制增殖后,联苯肼脂处理的双尾新小绥螨后代种群数量是对照的1.62倍,达4 976头;哒螨灵处理（2 101头）和三唑锡处理（983头）的种群数量较对照分别减少了31.43%和67.92%。表明联苯肼脂对双尾新小绥螨后代影响较小,是较为安全的杀螨剂。