番茄田棉铃虫的发生与生物防治技术

棉铃虫在国内分布较普遍 ,是危害番茄的主要害虫 ,除危害番茄外 ,还危害茄子、甘蓝、白菜、南瓜、菜豆、四季豆等蔬菜及棉、麦、豆、花生、烟草等作物。近１０多年青岛地区番茄棉铃虫发生面积逐年扩大 ,猖獗危害日趋严重 ,第２代是危害番茄最严重的世代 ,一般减产２０%～３０%     

番茄田棉铃虫的发生与生物防治技术

棉铃虫在国内分布较普遍 ,是危害番茄的主要虫害 ,除危害番茄外 ,还危害茄子、甘蓝、白菜、南瓜、四季豆、菜豆等蔬菜及棉、麦、豆、花生、烟草等作物。近１０多年青岛地区番茄棉铃虫发生面积逐年扩大 ,猖獗危害日趋严重 ,第２代是危害番茄最严重的世代 ,一般减产２０%～３０% ,重者减产６０%以上。番茄棉铃虫的猖獗危害是多种因素综合作用的结果 ,但主要是与化学药剂防治所引起的副作用密切相关 ,造成番茄棉铃虫对药剂抗性不断增强 ,有的化学药剂已失去控制番茄棉铃虫的作用 ,而且杀伤大量天敌 ;从１９９２年开始莱西市引进Ｂｔ和爱福丁（…     

湖南省棉铃虫发生规律和预测预报研究

湖南省棉铃虫1a发生5代,其中第二至四代为主害代。通过对湖南省近年棉铃虫的发生情况系统分析,提出气候变化、耕作制度改变、大区域连年大发生和天敌控制效应下降是湖南省棉铃虫加重为害的主要原因;成虫诱测技术中以黑光灯诱测较为简便易行;采用回归预测、期距预测可提前20d以上准确预报防治适期。     

胶东地区棉铃虫在苹果上发生为害规律初探

胶东地区棉铃虫在苹果上发生为害规律初探董元利丁永青，王德旭，郭秀欣（山东莱西市良种场２６６６００）（山东莱西市农业委员会）当前棉铃虫已成为胶东地区苹果产区主要害虫之一，自１９８７年以来每年都对苹果造成不同程度的为害。１９９０年以后为害逐年加重，对果品...     

胶东地区夏玉米棉铃虫发生为害规律及其防治措施

夏玉米棉铃虫卵,大部分散产于夏玉米尚未开花的雄穗上。抽雄未开花玉米落卵量约为抽雄开花者的3倍,是心叶末期玉米上的35倍。此期为夏玉米棉铃虫产卵盛期:抽雄开花盛期,是其卵的孵化盛期。幼虫成活率为卵量的10.53±1.04％。在夏玉米抽雄未开花期用1％1605粉或1605毒砂防治两次,幼虫虫口减退率为71.7-81.5％,在保障稳产高产的前提下,适当调节播期可避开夏玉米棉铃虫的产卵盛期,减轻危害。     

敦煌棉区棉铃虫生物学特性和消长规律研究

室内饲养和田间调查表明,棉铃虫在甘肃敦煌棉区年发生3～4代,第4代为不完全代。明确了各世代的盛发期和主要寄主作物。阐明了棉铃虫在本棉区可以安全越冬。越冬蛹主要分布在0～5cm的土层内,且四周地埂是棉铃虫越冬的主要场所,冬灌可显著降低越冬蛹的存活率。结合多方面调查资料分析,初步认为本市棉铃虫虫源以本地虫源为主。同时,还在变温条件下,饲养观察了本地区棉铃虫各代、各虫态的发育历期。     

番茄田二代棉铃虫发生为害规律及其防治研究

第２代棉铃虫是危害番茄最严重的世代，９５％左右的卵产在番茄植株顶尖至第４复叶层的嫩梢、嫩叶、果萼和茎基上，平均每株落卵３２．８粒。在番茄上的卵量和幼虫量与第１代蛾量密切相关，卵量（Ｙ_１）与第１代蛾量（Ｘ）关系式为：Ｙ_１＝一３１５．９＋１．７７８３Ｘ，ｎ＝６，ｒ＝０．８５６２，幼虫量（Ｙ_２）与第１代蛾量（Ｘ）关系式为：Ｙ_２＝３１．３＋０．１３４Ｘ，ｎ＝６，ｒ＝０．８６５２。在第２代棉铃虫产卵初盛期应用Ｂ.ｔ菌剂含孢子１００亿个／ｍＬ２００倍液喷雾３次，或１．８％爱福丁乳油４５ｍＬ／６６７ｍ^２对水７５ｋｇ喷雾２次，防效显著。     

农七师车排子垦区棉铃虫的发生规律及防治措施

近年来由于作物的调整和气候的变化，引起棉铃虫发生规律的改变。文章描述棉铃虫在车排子垦区的发生规律，并提出相应的综合防治措施。     

夏玉米田杂草发生规律及其防除

随着耕作制度的改革,近几年我场夏播玉米面积逐年扩大。由于播种时正处农忙季节,耕作较粗放,致使草害发生严重。为有效地控制草害,提高夏玉米单产,于1989～1990年开展了夏玉米田杂草调查工作及其化除试验。一、杂草种类调查经我场北片四大队611号地、中片十三大队707号地、708号地和南片七大队906号地四块田定点、定期系统调查,我场夏玉米田杂草发生主要有:禾本科的稗草、狗尾草、马唐、牛     

棉铃虫发生及灾变规律研究

导致棉铃虫大发生的基本条件是食物链，包括物候、作物布局、栽培耕作制度、棉花生育状况；影响其种群基数的因素有抗药性、天敌的自然控制、防治质量等；决定是否大发生的关键因子是虫情基数和气候等。虫情基数是内因，适宜的气候条件是外因，二者是导致棉铃虫暴发的关键因子。根据荆州地区１９７０～１９９６年共２７年的虫情和气象资料，采用相关分析法，选择主要的相关因子，通过逐步回归分析，建立了第４代棉铃虫发生量及灾变预报模型：Ｙ＝１８３．３９６＋１５．５５６Ｘ２－０．３７０Ｘ１１±８４．６１８，回测正确率为７４．１％，试报１９９７年第４代发生量与实际情况相符。     

新疆南部棉区麦蛾柔茧蜂对田间棉铃虫的防治效果

2006年,在新疆阿克苏市进行了利用麦蛾柔茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor Say防治麦田第一代棉铃虫和棉田第二代棉铃虫的田间试验。结果显示,在麦田按500头/亩的量释放麦蛾柔茧蜂,可使麦田棉铃虫幼虫的虫口减退57．7%;化蛹量较对照减少0．56头/m~2。在棉田按700头/亩的量释放麦蛾茧蜂,对棉铃虫幼虫的麻痹率是50．73%,对棉铃虫的防效达65．96%。     

棉铃虫捕食性天敌控制作用评价

在分析棉田捕生天敌数量变化及空间动态的基础上,综合考试捕食性天敌的数量、天敌与棉铃虫的空间生态位重叠度和时间发生上的同步性,建立了棉铃虫捕食性天敌控制作用的评价模型。结果表明,在棉田棉铃虫发生期,控制棉铃虫卵和初孵幼虫的天敌集团作用的大小依次为：瓢虫草蛉类〉捕食性蝽类〉蜘蛛类。天敌对棉铃虫的控制作用存在时间上的序列性和阶段性,不同棉铃虫发生世代天敌功能团和优势天敌作用大小不同。二代主要为龟纹瓢虫、     

棉铃虫幼虫对氨基酸、糖类和棉花次生物质的取食选择性

研究测定了棉铃虫对 30种氨基酸、10种糖类和 4种棉花次生物质的取食选择性。结果显示初孵幼虫对0.1g/ml的L-苏氨酸、DL-2-氨基-n-丁酸、L-亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、DL-瓜氨酸、L-丙氨酸、D-海藻糖、D-果糖以及棉花次生物质儿茶精、棉酚、槲皮素表现出较强的趋性反应 ,但将L-苏氨酸、L-亮氨酸、D-瓜氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸以0.009g/ml的浓度、槲皮素和10种糖物质以0.025g/ml的浓度分别掺入人工饲料中,5日龄幼虫仅对D-海藻糖表现出高的取食选择性     

棉铃虫种群的地理型分化和区域性迁飞规律

对棉铃虫地理种群的遗传变异、滞育性状和抗寒性分化等的系统研究表明,我国棉铃虫由热带型、亚热带型、温带型和新疆型4个地理型组成,各地理型对华南地区、长江流域地区、黄河流域地区和新疆地区的气候环境具有高度专化适应性。受东亚季风影响,5～7月份温带型1代和2代棉铃虫成虫随偏南风向北迁移,可迁入山西北部、河北北部、辽宁等非越冬区的中温带地区。温带型3代和4代棉铃虫于8月中旬以后,随偏北风向南回迁。成虫种群密度过大和所处的不良环境是引起迁飞的主要原因。     

Seasonal Dynamics of Metabolic Mechanisms Mediating Pyrethroid Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera in Central India

Very high cypermethrin and fenvalerate resistance frequencies were recorded in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) populations in central India during the 1993–94, 1994–95 and 1995–96 cropping seasons. Synergism assays and biochemical analyses of detoxification enzyme levels indicated that mono-oxygenases and esterases were important metabolic mechanisms mediating pyrethroid resistance. Piperonyl butoxide- (PBO) and profenofos-suppressible pyrethroid resistance were correlated with enhanced levels of cytochrome P450 and general esterases respectively. Enzyme assay data indicated that high cytochrome P450 levels generally coincided with low esterase activity and vice versa. Similarly, synergist bioassays showed that PBO-insensitive resistance was frequently associated with profenofos-sensitive resistance and vice versa. Oxidase- and esterase-mediated mechanisms evidently alternated in a reciprocal manner, with perceptible shifts in relative importance occurring during mid-October in all three seasons and in late January in 1995. Apart from metabolic mechanisms, a synergist-insensitive resistance mechanism (believed to be nerve insensitivity), accounted for an average of 51, 30 and 28% of cypermethrin resistance during the 1993–94, 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons respectively. © 1997 SCI.     

棉铃虫种群的地理型分化和区域性迁飞规律

对棉铃虫地理种群的遗传变异、滞育性状和抗寒性分化等的系统研究表明,我国棉铃虫由热带型、亚热带型、温带型和新疆型4个地理型组成,各地理型对华南地区、长江流域地区、黄河流域地区和新疆地区的气候环境具有高度专化适应性。受东亚季风影响,5～7月份温带型1代和2代棉铃虫成虫随偏南风向北迁移,可迁入山西北部、河北北部、辽宁等非越冬区的中温带地区。温带型3代和4代棉铃虫于8月中旬以后,随偏北风向南回迁。成虫种群密度过大和所处的不良环境是引起迁飞的主要原因。     

Comparative efficacy of indigenous heterorhabditid nematodes from north western Himalaya and Heterorhabditis indica (Poinar,Karunakar & David) against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

The efficacy of three Heterorhabditis spp of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) from north western Himalaya, India was studied against the larvae of pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), under the laboratory conditions. The larvae were exposed to 10, 20, 30 and 40 infective juveniles (IJs) of each nematode species for different time periods and they were found to be susceptible to all the EPNs tested. However, the susceptibility of larvae to nematode infection varied according to the concentrations of IJs and their exposure periods. The efficacy of these indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes was also compared against commercially available entomopathogenic nematode, H. indica. Appreciably good performance was achieved by H. bacteriophora (HRJ), which showed 73.3% mortality of insect larvae in 96 h exposure time against third instar larvae, while H. indica produced 80.0% mortality. However it was noticed that with the advancement of larval stage its mortality rate reduced and vice versa with the exposure period. All tested EPNs were also found to reproduce within the host and maximum production of IJs was recorded in H. bacteriophora (26.0 ± 3.76 × 10³ IJs/larva) at the concentration of 40 IJs/larva.     

A perspective on management of Helicoverpa armigera: transgenic Bt cotton,IPM, and landscapes

Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest of agriculture, horticulture and floriculture throughout the Old World and recently invaded parts of the New World. We overview of the evolution in thinking about the application of area‐wide approaches to assist with its control by the Australian Cotton Industry to highlight important lessons and future challenges to achieving the same in the New World. An over‐reliance of broad‐spectrum insecticides led to Helicoverpa spp. in Australian cotton rapidly became resistant to DDT, synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates and endosulfan. Voluntary strategies were developed to slow the development of insecticide resistance, which included rotating chemistries and basing spray decisions on thresholds. Despite adoption of these practices, insecticide resistance continued to develop until the introduction of genetically modified cotton provided a platform for augmenting Integrated Pest Management in the Australian cotton industry. Compliance with mandatory resistance management plans for Bt cotton necessitated a shift from pest control at the level of individual fields or farms towards a coordinated area‐wide landscape approach. Our take‐home message for control of H. armigera is that resistance management is essential in genetically modified crops and must be season long and area‐wide to be effective. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

棉铃虫APN基因家族系统进化与功能分析

氨肽酶N(APN)是锌金属蛋白酶M1家族的成员,鳞翅目昆虫中肠刷状缘膜囊泡(brush border membrane vesicles,BBMV)细胞膜上的APN不仅在蛋白消化吸收过程中起着重要的作用,而且是Bt的重要受体蛋白.本研究通过PCR技术克隆得到7条棉铃虫APN基因全长序列,HaAPN1～7(Genbank...     

宽缨酮对棉铃虫的拒食活性及生长发育的影响

为评价宽缨酮（EN）对棉铃虫的生物活性, 采用浸渍叶碟法和饲料混毒法, 以印楝素为对照, 检测宽缨酮对棉铃虫的拒食及抑制生长发育活性。结果表明, 宽缨酮和印楝素的拒食中浓度分别为12.04 μg/mL和21.62 μg/mL, 宽缨酮的拒食活性优于印楝素。以含10 μg/g宽缨酮的饲料饲喂棉铃虫幼虫, 在第10~12天幼虫体重相比对照分别下降87.90%、88.04%和80.74%, 并推迟5 d化蛹, 蛹重降低。化蛹率、羽化率和卵的孵化率分别比对照下降了26.00、37.39和14.98百分点, 蛹和成虫的畸形率分别是对照的2.89倍和3.33倍。综上所述, 宽缨酮对棉铃虫具有明显拒食和抑制生长发育活性, 具有开发成为新型植物源杀虫剂的潜力。