猕猴桃根癌病病原与发病规律研究

本文分离和培养了猕猴桃根癌病的病原菌 ;研究和观察了病原菌的生理生化特性和病原菌的形态 ;调查了猕猴桃根癌病的发生与树龄、土壤、品种和管理水平的关系。结果表明猕猴桃根癌病的病原菌为根癌土壤杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)。病害在碱性和粘重的土壤中发生严重 ,在酸性土壤中不发病。管理水平高的栽培园病害发生轻 ,管理水平低、地下害虫发生严重的栽培园发生较重     

猕猴桃全光喷雾硬枝扦插育苗试验

为加速猕猴桃苗木的繁育速度，提高苗木的商品价值，从１９８８～１９９４年，我们多次做硬枝、嫩枝扦插育苗试验，因其生根太难，终未成功。１９９７年春至１９９８年，在西北林学院苏印泉教授的指导下，采用全光喷雾技术，利用ＡＢＴ１号生根粉，进行了猕猴桃硬枝扦插育...     

软枣猕猴桃吊蔓栽培技术研究

为解决软枣猕猴桃在冬剪和夏剪时管理工艺复杂,以及软枣猕猴桃营养枝、结果枝杂乱生长等问题,开展了软枣猕猴桃吊蔓栽培技术研究,并对吊蔓栽培操作过程中不同吊蔓角度、留枝密度和留枝长度等关键因素进行了比较.结果 表明,吊蔓角度为45°时最佳;留枝密度40 cm间距效果最好;留枝长度1.5 m果实产量和品质较好.该技术通过结果枝...     

绿枝高接对猕猴桃成活及新梢生长量的影响

针对猕猴桃春季硬枝嫁接时期温度低、愈合时间长、枝条萌发后易受晚霜冻和溃疡病危害主杆、大枝而较难防治的情况,利用6～7月光照充足、雨量较多、温度适宜,在猕猴桃嫁接后接口愈合快、成活率高的特点,采用绿枝高位嫁接技术,可促进猕猴桃早萌芽、抽枝快、早成园。此技术的应用,为猕猴桃产业的发展、减轻枝杆病害探索出一条新途径。     

长白山3种野生猕猴桃硬枝插扦技术研究

利用长白山3种野生猕猴桃:软枣猕猴桃、葛枣猕猴桃和狗枣猕猴桃硬枝为繁殖材料,通过对枝条的选取、剪切、扦插、管理等环节的研究与分析,建立起了3种猕猴桃快速扦插繁殖体系,极大地提高了3种猕猴桃扦插繁殖的成活率,软枣猕猴桃扦插成活率在89.5%以上,葛枣猕猴桃扦插成活率在80.1%以上,狗枣猕猴桃扦插成活率在75.6%以上。     

软枣猕猴桃硬枝扦插育苗试验

软枣猕猴桃硬枝扦插育苗试验软枣猕猴桃，俗称软枣子，是长白山区野生果树资源之一。真果实风味独特，营养十分丰富。特别景维生素Ｃ的含量相当高，为一般果品的几倍至几十倍，可加工成果脯、果酱、饮料等多种食品，而且种子、根、茎均可入药，具医疗保健作用。为开发利用...     

猕猴桃溃疡病室内药剂筛选

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病是猕猴桃栽培的毁灭性病害，本研究选用七种化学药剂或抗菌素，通过滤纸片法对猕猴桃溃疡病菌进行了不同浓度梯度、不同药剂的室内毒力测定。结果显示，64％杀毒矾的抑菌效果最好，15％硫酸卡那霉素和56％靠山次之，15％抗菌素402效果较差，而DT、甲霜灵和蚕用氯霉素对病原菌没有明显的抑制效果。     

猕猴桃不同嫁接方法对其成活率影响初探

以野生美味猕猴桃１年生苗木作砧木，以猕猴桃新品种金魁的１年生枝作接穗，进行了不同的嫁接方法试验。结果表明；舌接、单芽枝腹接成活率高达９８．４％、９６．１％，且嫁接苗生长势旺，新苗基粗、新梢长度、新梢叶片数均显著高于其它几种嫁接苗。操作方法简便，是猕猴桃理想的嫁接方法，可在生产中推广应用。     

猕猴桃舌接成活率高

猕猴桃舌接成活率高猕猴桃采用常规嫁接方法成活率不高，影响的主要因素有：芽座大，芽垫厚，芽接困难；枝条髓部空心；伤流严重，切口易失水干枯；枝条纤维多，削面难光滑平整。湖北省孝感师专林特系刘永生等以野生美味猕猴桃１年生苗作砧木，以新品种金魁的１年生枝作接...     

伏牛山区中华猕猴桃病虫害调查初报

中华猕猴桃营养价值高、风味独特,各地都在大力发展种植。近几年我们发现栽培的中华猕猴桃枝、干、果和根上都有不同程度的病虫危害,造成一定的经济损失。为此,我们对     

东北地区野生猕猴桃资源现状及开发利用

为了开发利用东北地区野生猕猴桃资源,对软枣猕猴桃、狗枣猕猴桃和葛枣猕猴桃等3种有经济价值的种类特征、地理分布与生态习性、资源利用现状等作了介绍。认为尽管农林科研院所对3种猕猴桃的繁殖开展了研究,但进行野生资源垦复和人工栽培利用的仅限于软枣猕猴桃,且面积不大,利用深度不够,经济效益不高。建议今后提高认识,保护资源,加强育种研究和果品加工技术研究,使东北的猕猴桃资源充分发挥潜力。     

Tissue culture responses of explants taken from branch sources with different degrees of juvenility in mature black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) trees

We studied the in vitro responses of cambial tissue and dormant vegetative buds obtained from top and epicormic branches of three mature black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees. Cambial tissues isolated from epicormic branches produced more callus than cambial tissues isolated from top branches, whereas in vitro shoot cultures derived from buds excised from top branches grew faster than those derived from buds excised from epicormic branches. There were no significant differences between the two branch sources in in vitro bud break or shoot multiplication from bud explants or cambial-derived callus tissue, respectively. Furthermore, the top branches, generally considered to be the most mature in a tree, were not recalcitrant in terms of morphogenic capacity compared to epicormic branches.     

不同水分管理措施对抽梢期油茶树体养分含量的影响

为探讨不同水分管理对抽梢期油茶树体养分状况的影响,从而为油茶水分管理提供科学依据。以‘长林4号’5年生油茶为试材,设置滴灌+花生秆+稻草、滴灌+生态膜、滴灌+油茶壳、滴灌、滴灌+黑地膜、花生秆+稻草、生态膜、油茶壳、黑地膜、不覆盖不灌水(CK)共10种水分管理措施,测定不同水分管理措施下抽梢期树体各器官氮、磷、钾养分含量,并对各养分分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:不同水分管理措施对抽梢期油茶老叶和根N、P、K含量、新叶P、K含量以及枝条P养分含量影响差异显著。不同水分管理措施对抽梢期老叶、根养分含量具有明显促进作用,对当年生新叶和枝条的影响比较小。滴灌+花生秆+稻草处理和滴灌+黑地膜处理更有利于养分的积累,滴灌+花生秆+稻草处理是最经济最环保的水分管理措施。     

Comparing height growth and biomass production of black spruce trees in logged and burned stands

The strategy of using advanced layering for regenerating logged black spruce stands has become a common practice. Compared with natural post-fire black spruce stands, this strategy may alter stand structure with a possible change in stand productivity. Using harvested tree data from sample plots established in burned and logged stands, 50 years after disturbance, and on similar soils, we compared the structure, height growth, and biomass allocation of both types of stands. Stem analysis revealed that black spruce trees in logged stands reached their maximum height growth later and at a concomitant lower level than black spruce trees in burned stands. Biomass production was comparable between stand types but was reduced when ericaceous shrubs were abundant. Compared to natural post-fire stands, logged stands present a shift of biomass allocation to branches and to leaves. These mechanisms are interdependent and represent the tree adjustment to the altered structure in logged stands characterised by the fragmented canopy with the increase of ericaceous shrubs cover and of organic layer thickness.     

一种利用黑松枝条筛选杀松材线虫剂的生测方法

该文介绍了一种利用黑松枝条进行化合物对松材线虫作用的生测方法。通过研究枝条的接种线虫数量、含水量以及灭菌处理后对松材线虫繁殖的影响,确定了合适的生测条件,并对几种生测方法的优缺点进行了讨论。     

A new species of Rosenscheldia (Dothideomycetes) from Brazil

A fungus forming black stromata with several immersed ascomata was found associated with living branches of Protium warmingianum (Burseraceae) in the Mata da Biologia, city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species differs from all five species found on literature and is fully described, illustrated and compared with the other species described in the genus. This is the first species of Rosenscheldia found on burseraceae hosts in Brazil and the first species on the host genus Protium.     

Correlation of seedling size and branch number with disease resistance of Pinus thunbergii seedlings to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings resistant to pine wood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) are routinely selected in Japanese field inoculation trials. Correlations between morphological factors (such as height, stem diameter at ground level and number of branches on seedlings) and disease resistance were examined to improve the production efficiency of 1‐year‐old black pine seedlings for inoculation. Family relatedness and environmental conditions strongly affected seedling resistance; accordingly, logistic regression analysis was used to separate effects of these two variables. Height and stem diameter at ground level significantly correlated with disease resistance in seedlings inoculated with PWN. Because (a) interactions between stem diameter at ground level and environmental condition were significant and (b) height did not interact with any other factor, it was concluded that height of 1‐year‐old Japanese black pine seedlings independently correlated with PWN resistance. Thus, field inoculation tests should use tall seedlings to achieve enhanced survival rates.     

A comparison of needle retention on Japanese black pine and Japanese red pine

Needle retention (number of needle sets), needle density, height increment and radial increment were surveyed on seven Japanese black pines (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) and seven Japanese red pines (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) growing on the same site. Number of needle sets on branches with respect to whorl position was estimated visually. In 1999, maximum summer needle retention was observed on the fifth and sixth whorl from the top, with values of 3.4 needle sets for the black pines and 2.4 needle sets for the red pines, respectively. The needle trace method (NTM) was used to determine needle retention and needle density along the main stems retrospectively for the years 1968–1998. The long-term mean summer needle retention along the main stem was 3.7 needle sets for the black pines and 2.2 needle sets for the red pines. In both pine species, the number of needle sets varied from year to year. However, the long-term budget between newly born and annually shed needle sets was in equilibrium. The long-term average of needle density per cm of stem shoot was 9.4 needle pairs for the black pines and 7.4 needle pairs for the red pines. The results showed clear intra-specific and inter-specific similarities in needle retention, height increment and radial increment trends. The values for number of needle sets, height increment and radial increment positively increased with favorable growing conditions, whereas the value of needle density had an opposite tendency.