牛磺酸的生理功能及其在猪生产中的应用

牛磺酸(Tau)是一种存在于动物体内的游离氨基酸,具有抗氧化、增强免疫力及抗细胞凋亡等作用。作为饲料添加剂,牛磺酸在畜牧生产中的应用逐渐受到关注,具有提高生产性能、繁殖性能和降低应激损伤等作用。本文阐述了牛磺酸的生理功能及其作用机制,并综述了近年来牛磺酸在猪生产中的应用效果,以期为牛磺酸在猪生产中更好地应用提供参考。     

牛磺酸在鱼类营养中的作用及其在鱼类饲料中的应用

牛磺酸是维持鱼类正常生理功能的营养物质之一,在鱼类营养中有着非常重要的作用.本文综述了牛磺酸的性质与分布、合成与代谢、营养生理功能及鱼类牛磺酸的需要量及其在鱼类饲料中的应用.     

牛磺酸在鱼类营养中的作用及其在鱼类饲料中的应用

牛磺酸是维持鱼类正常生理功能的营养物质之一,在鱼类营养中有着非常重要的作用。本文综述了牛磺酸的性质与分布、合成与代谢、营养生理功能及鱼类牛磺酸的需要量及其在鱼类饲料中的应用。     

牛磺酸的生产及其在畜禽养殖中的应用

牛磺酸是动物体内一种半必需、游离氨基酸;它具有广泛的生物学功能,可调节神经传导,维持视网膜、内分泌、肝脏、心脏功能,促进脑的发育,抗氧化等。因其具有独特的生理及药理功能,已广泛应用于医药和食品行业。作者侧重介绍了牛磺酸在动物机体中的代谢情况及牛磺酸的生产,概述了牛磺酸对畜禽生长性能、繁殖能力、免疫力、采食等方面的作用,展望了牛磺酸在畜禽养殖业的应用前景。     

牛磺酸的生物学功能及其在禽类生产中的应用概述

牛磺酸作为动物饲料添加剂,具有参与机体营养物质代谢、抗氧化、保护细胞、调节神经传导、维持机体渗透压等生物学功能。论文主要总结了牛磺酸的生物学功能及其在禽类生产中的应用,以期为牛磺酸在家禽生产中的合理应用提供参考。     

牛磺酸维护肠道健康的潜在作用机理及其在畜禽生产中的应用北大核心CSCD

牛磺酸属于氨基磺酸,广泛分布于动物组织细胞中。近年来研究表明,牛磺酸具有抗氧化、抗癌、抑制细胞凋亡、保护心血管、免疫调节和维持肠道健康等多种生物学功能。本文综述了牛磺酸维持畜禽肠道功能的潜在作用机理,以及近年来牛磺酸在猪和家禽生产中应用的研究进展,以期为牛磺酸在畜禽生产中的开发与应用提供参考。     

牛磺酸在动物生产中的应用

牛磺酸(taurine)是动物体内一种结构简单的含硫氨基酸，其能够调节机体正常生理机能，增强细胞膜抗氧化、抗自由基损伤及抗病毒损伤的能力，具有广泛的生物学功能。本文对牛磺酸的结构、性质和分布，牛磺酸的生物学功能以及牛磺酸在动物生产中的应用进行了概述，并对其应用所须解决的问题和发展前景作一展望。     

牛磺酸的生理功能及其在鱼类配合饲料中的应用

牛磺酸(Taurine,CAS 107-35-7)是含硫氨基酸,以游离形式广泛分布于动物组织细胞中,在植物体内含量较少。牛磺酸具有多种重要的生理功能,包括参与脂类、糖类、蛋白质的代谢,抗氧化,调节渗透压等。近几年来,由于鱼类配合饲料中植物性原料的使用持续增加,牛磺酸的添加越来越受到重视。文章简要综述了牛磺酸的结构特点和自然分布、合成与代谢以及牛磺酸在鱼类中的生理功能及其在配合饲料中的应用,以期为牛磺酸在鱼类配合饲料中的应用积累基础资料,并为今后相关研究提供参考。     

牛磺酸在动物营养中的应用研究进展

牛磺酸是体内一种游离氨基酸，具有重要的生物学功能和应用价值。本文综述了牛磺酸的理化性质、合成代谢、营养生理功能及其在动物营养中的应用。     

牛磺酸及其对水产动物的影响

综述了牛磺酸的性质、分布、生理功能、获取途径和应用途径方面的基本特性及其对水产动物生长、品质与体成分、消化酶、免疫力、抗缺氧能力和促摄食等的影响,并提出了一些有待解决的问题,旨在为牛磺酸在水产饲料及水产养殖中的合理应用与大力开发提供科学依据。     

河北省不同建筑类型羊舍环境参数的检测与分析

试验选择3种建筑类型羊舍(有窗封闭舍、半开放舍和棚舍),对羊舍温度、二氧化碳(CO2)、氨气(NH3)、风速和光照进行定点定时检测,分析冬夏季节河北省不同建筑类型的羊舍环境,为标准化羊舍的建设提供依据。结果表明,冬季不同类型羊舍的温度表现为显著性差异(P<0.05),有窗舍最高,棚舍最低(早-4.13℃),有窗舍均温分别比棚舍和半开放舍高4.26和2.95℃,夏季不同舍温度未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),早、午和晚分别达25.12、32.48和29.71℃,热应激明显;从有害气体结果可以看出,羊舍CO2含量分别为411.0~995.2 mg/m^3(夏)和402.9~2336.8 mg/m^3(冬),两季CO2日均含量有窗舍均最高,棚舍最低,不同舍CO2日均含量差异显著(P<0.01),有窗舍冬季早上含量高达2336.8 mg/m^3,已超国标。另外,所有羊舍未检测出NH 3。从风速结果可以看出,两季风速分别为0.06~0.36 m/s(夏)和0.03~0.26 m/s(冬),两季有窗舍的风速均显著低于其他两类舍(P<0.01)。从光照强度来看,棚舍光照强度显著高于其他两类舍(P<0.01),均符合国标。可见,冬季有窗羊舍虽然温度较高,但空气质量差,CO2含量超标,应加强通风换气,兼顾保温;夏季不管哪种类型舍,均应隔热降温以缓解热应激。     

Immunohistochemical study of galectin-3 in mature and immature bull testis and epididymis

Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding protein family, has been implicated in mammalian sperm maturation. We examined galectin-3 expression in the testis and epididymis of sexually mature and immature bulls. Western blot analysis showed varying levels of galectin-3 in the bull testis and epididymis, and galectin-3 immunoreactivity was higher in the mature testis and epididymis than in immature organs. Galectin-3 was primarily localized in interstitial cells of the immature bull testis and in the peritubular myoid and interstitial cells of the mature testis. In the immature epididymis head, galectin-3 was primarily in the principal and basal cells of the epithelium. In the mature epididymis head, moderate levels of galectin-3 were detected in the sperm, while low levels were found in the stereocilia, epithelium and connective tissue. In the immature epididymis body, moderate protein levels were detected in the principal cells, while lower levels were found in the basal cells. The mature epididymis body showed moderate levels of galectin-3 immunostaining in the stereocilia and epithelium, but low levels in the connective tissue. In the immature epididymis tail, only low levels of galectin-3 staining were found in the epithelium, whereas the mature epididymis tail showed high levels of galectin-3 in the principal cells, moderate levels in the basal cells and low levels in connective tissue. These findings suggest that galectin-3 expression plays a role in the maturation and activation of sperm in bulls.     

Immunohistochemical study on the expressions of neuropeptides in the superficial and deep gland of the third eyelid of pigs

The superficial gland of the third eyelid (SGTE) and deep gland of the third eyelid (DGTE) are classified as accessory lacrimal glands. The aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), substance P (SP), galanin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), somatostatin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the porcine SGTE and DGTE. We demonstrated the distribution patterns of VIP, DβH, SP, NPY and galanin in the nerve fibres in the SGTE and DGTE. None of somatostatin-, PACAP- and CGRP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres were found in the SGTE and DGTE. The majority of VIP- and DβH-IR nerves fibres were found near to glandular acini, tubules, secretory ducts and blood vessels in the SGTE and DGTE. VIP-IR nerve fibres were found in external connective tissue in SGTE and DGTE and only in interlobular connective tissue in the SGTE. DβH-IR nerve fibres were found in interlobular and external connective tissue in the DGTE but not in the SGTE. Single galanin-, SP- and NPY-IR nerve fibres were observed in close proximity to acini and tubules in the SGTE and DGTE. Single galanin-, SP-, NPY-IR nerve fibres were found in close proximity to the secretory ducts in the DGTE, however only SP-IR nerve fibres were found near to the secretory ducts in SGTE. In conclusion, our research aims to highlight some aspects of SGTE and DGTE innervation in pigs and may also be a source of basic knowledge for further studies.     

我国四川、山东、河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中镉、铬、铅污染程度评估

本试验旨在测定我国四川、山东、河北省(包括京津冀地区)蛋鸡养殖场产蛋高峰期配合饲料中镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)含量,评估蛋鸡养殖大省3种重金属污染程度。采集四川、山东、河北省67个养殖场268份蛋鸡配合饲料,采用高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法(HRCS FAAS)测定其Cd、Cr、Pb含量。结果表明:1)四川省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为成都、乐山、乐山,最大检出值分别为0.48、15.94、14.12 mg/kg;Cr、Pb含量最高超标率所在城市分别为乐山、崇州,超标率分别为30%、50%。2)山东省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为青岛和日照、菏泽、日照,最大检出值分别为0.45、5.88、4.11 mg/kg。3)河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为张家口、张家口、保定,最大检出值分别为0.45、15.38、8.38 mg/kg;Cr、Pb含量最高超标率所在城市分别为张家口和保定,超标率均为20%。4)3省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb平均含量分别为,四川:0.24、5.01、3.67 mg/kg;山东:0.26、4.19、2.61 mg/kg;河北:0.25、5.66、3.25 mg/kg。参照我国《饲料卫生标准》,3省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd含量及山东省Cd、Cr、Pb含量均未超标;四川、河北省Cr、Pb含量超标率分别为9.38%、17.19%和6.73%、14.42%。5)河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cr、Pb平均含量显著高于山东省(P0.05);大规模养殖场配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb平均含量显著低于小规模养殖场(P0.05)。综上所述,山东省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量均未超标。四川、河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd含量未超标,但有超标风险,Cr、Pb含量均有不同程度超标,Pb含量超标最为严重,应引起重视。     

哺乳动物体内、外生产胚胎的表观遗传差异研究进展

体外胚胎生产作为一项高效的辅助生殖技术,对优质种质资源的保存利用及遗传改良具有重要意义。但与体内生产胚胎相比,体外生产胚胎在培养过程中出现生长发育缓慢、卵裂率低、凋亡比例增加等问题,移植后伴随着胎盘肥大、孕期延长等问题,还可能出现早产、出生体重降低、巨胎综合征(LOS)等,这与基因表达异常和表观遗传修饰异常有重要关系。文章简单回顾了近年来表观修饰学在体内、外生产胚胎的研究进展,主要介绍了印记基因的表观修饰、DNA甲基化及组蛋白乙酰化在哺乳动物体内、外生产胚胎之间的差异,简述了微阵列技术在体内、外生产胚胎之间的应用,以期找到导致体内、外胚胎质量差异的关键印记基因及其作用途径,探讨体外生产胚胎质量低于体内胚胎的原因,进而改善体外胚胎生产体系。     

藏中矿区家畜组织中重金属分布与放牧环境关系研究

以藏中矿区土壤、牧草、家畜组织为对象,探讨土-草-畜系统中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd这4种重金属分布情况与饲养环境的相关性。通过设立研究点的方法,采集矿区饲养环境中的土壤、牧草、家畜(牦牛、藏羊)组织进行含量检测。结果表明:藏中矿区及周边土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd这4种元素均高于我国二级土壤限量值,Cu含量达限量值的2倍以上,Cd超标最严重。牧草、家畜组织体内重金属含量出现超标现象,牧草含量的分布顺序为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,这与土壤中重金属含量表现一致。牦牛体内Zn元素含量与远离矿区家畜(CK)相比差异显著(P<0.05),Cd含量与对照(CK)相比差异显著(P<0.05)。Cu、Zn存在超标现象,Cd、Pb两者存在差异但均未超标。矿区牦牛肉中Cu和牧草中Cu含量呈极显著的相关关系(P=0.836,P<0.01);牦牛肉中Zn含量与土壤和牧草中的Zn含量呈显著的相关关系(土壤P=0.631,牧草P=0.667,P<0.05);牦牛肉中Pb含量与牧草中Pb含量呈显著的相关关系(P=0.520,P<0.05);藏羊肉中Cu含量与牧草中Cu含量呈极显著相关关系(P=0.756,P<0.01)。矿区可食牧草中重金属向牦牛和羊肌肉迁移系数变化较大,迁移系数在0.19%~44.61%之间。     

北京黑白花乳牛蹄底角质中25种元素含量的研究

本实验采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪,在1987年春、秋两季对北京某牛场的黑白花成年乳牛蹄底角质中25种元素(K、Na、S、Ca、P、Mg、Mn、Mo、Cu、Zn、Fe、I、Se、Co、Cd、Cr、Ni、B、Al、Si、Ti、Ba、Ph、As、Hg)进行了测定,并对春、秋季正形蹄与变形蹄、正形蹄与病变蹄,以及春秋正形蹄、变形蹄之间做了对比,还测定了饲料地的土壤、水和饲料中25种元素的含量,与国内外有关资料的结果进行了对比,初步探讨了某牛场成乳牛中正形蹄蹄底角质中25种元素的含量,指出春秋两季正形蹄蹄底角质中25种元素的含量是有差异的,春季正形蹄与变形蹄相比各元素差异均不显著;秋季变形蹄含Mg量显著高于正形蹄,含Ca、Al、Cd和Ti量显著低于正形蹄;春季病变蹄含K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Mg、Al、Ti、Se、I、Pb、Hg量显著高于正形蹄。本文首次提出北京黑白花乳牛正形蹄蹄底角质中Ca、P比值,春季是5.822/1,秋季是6.253/1。此牛场乳牛饮水中Hg含量过高是环境污染的结果。本文为今后进一步研究北京黑白花乳牛蹄角质与元素的关系提供了临床参考的依据。     

猪GDF11基因部分序列的克隆及组织表达分析

为了探讨生长分化因子11(Growth differentiation factor11,GDF11,又名BMP11)在胸腰椎数变异中的作用,本试验克隆了该基因包含外显子2在内的部分编码区,并进一步采用RT-PCR技术对其在猪胚胎和初生仔猪中的表达进行了分析。结果表明,在35d的猪胚胎中,后肢、牙龈、脑、肝脏、肾脏、胸椎、腰椎各组织均有明显的表达,而在前肢、眼、心脏、肺脏中的表达较弱,在颈椎和荐尾椎中没有观察到GDF11的表达。在45d猪胚胎的后肢、脑、眼、胸椎组织中GDF11的表达较强,而在前肢、牙龈、肺脏、肾脏、腰椎和荐尾椎的表达相对较弱,在肝脏中的表达极其微弱。在心脏和颈椎中没有检测到GDF11的表达。在55d的猪胚胎中,前肢、后肢、脑、眼、肝脏、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎组织中有明显的表达,肺脏和肾脏组织中的表达较强,牙龈和荐尾椎中的表达较弱,而在心脏中没有检测到GDF11的表达。3d仔猪的后肢、牙龈、脑、肾脏和腰椎组织中GDF11有明显的表达,脾脏组织的表达量较高,前肢、肝脏、心脏、背腰最长肌和肺脏中的表达相对较弱,在眼、颈椎和荐尾椎中的表达极弱,在胸椎中没有检测到表达。在所检测的不同时期的所有组织中,脑和肾脏组织表达明显地高于其他组织。     

Some Pharmacokinetic Parameters of R-(–)- and S-(+)-Ketoprofen: The Influence of Age and Differing Physiological Status in Dairy Cattle

The pharmacokinetic parameters of ketoprofen have previously been studied in cattle, but no studies have been performed on differing ages and metabolic situations in these animals. The aim of this work was to study the possible modifictions of the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen enantiomers that may result from age, lactation or gestation in dairy cattle. Three groups of Holando Argentino cattle contained, respectively, 8 cows in early lactation, 8 pregnant cows and 8 newborn calves. Four animals from each group received the enantiomer R-(-)-ketoprofen, the other four animals received the S-(+) enantiomer, all by intravenous injection at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Significant differences between the three categories of animals were obtained in elimination half-life (t1/2) (1.52, 0.87 and 0.31 and 1.71, 0.69 and 0.26 in newborn calves, cows in early lactation and cows in gestation, respectively), mean residence time (MRT) (0.45, 1.25, 2.20 and 0.38, 0.99, 2.47 h, in cows in gestation, cows in early lactation and newborn calves, respectively) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) (0.87, 2.93, 3.24, and 0.67, 2.78, 5.13 (microg/h)/ml in cows in gestation, cows in early lactation and newborn calves, respectively, for the R-(-) and S-(+) enantiomer, respectively. In calves, there was a significant difference in AUC (3.24 vs 5.13 (microg/h)/ml between R-(-)- and S-(+)-ketoprofen. In view of the differences between calves and adult cattle in the pharmacokinetic results for ketoprofen, the effects of age and physiological status (lactation, gestation) should be taken into account for therapeutic regimens.     

Clinicomorphological Studies in Chicks Fed Ochratoxin A While Simultaneously Developing Coccidiosis

The progression of coccidiosis and the resultant mortality were followed in chicks fed a OTA-contaminated diet. More complex and rapid progress of coccidiosis occurred in OTA-treated chicks than in chicks fed a OTA-free diet. The concentration of total protein in the serum was significantly decreased in the chicks in the OTA-treated group, whereas this was significantly increased in chicks infected with Eimeria tenella, irrespective of additional treatment with OTA. The serum glucose concentration was significantly increased in all the chicks exposed to OTA and/or suffering from coccidiosis, as was serum retention of uric acid in all groups, most notably in those consuming OTA. OTA induced degenerative changes in, and an increase in the weight of the kidneys, liver, heart and ventriculum; there was depletion of lymphoid tissue and a decrease in the lymphoid organs' weight and body weight. Coccidiosis induced only a slight growth depression and a slight increase in the relative weight of the kidneys and liver. The intensity of the clinical signs, the impairment of kidney function, macroscopic and histopathological changes, deviations in the weight of some organs and general depression in growth were greater when chicks infected with E. tenella were also given OTA.