香蕉组培苗果实的采后病害及防腐保鲜

对香蕉青果和贮藏期间的病果进行了分离培养和致病性测定,鉴定出潜伏侵染幼果的真菌有Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｍｕｓａｅ（Ｂｅｒｋ＆Ｃｕｒｔ．）Ａｒｘ,Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．Ｐｅｔａｌｏｔｉａｓｐ．和Ｍａｒｃｒｏｐｈｏｍａｍｕｓａｅ等,造成贮藏病害的主要病菌有Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｍｕｓａｅ,Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ;Ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｉｕｍｓｐ;Ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｏｍａｍｕｓａｅ;Ｂｏｔｒｙｏｄｉ     

芒果的采收与贮藏保鲜

芒果的采收与贮藏保鲜洪启征（福建农学院食品科学系，福州３５０００２）芒果（ＭａｎｇｉｆｅｒａｉｎｄｉｃａＬ．）又称檬果、子、子．原产印度，为漆树科芒果属热带常绿大乔木．栽培容易，早产、丰产，树龄长，用途广．果实是肉质核果，风味优美，香气诱人，富含营养...     

钴-60r辐照对人参制品中化学成分人参皂甙含量的影响

人参皂甙是人参制品中的主要化学成分,它具有抗癌抗衰老等作用,研究其制品在灭菌保藏中的化学成分变化具有实际意义。本文研究结果表明,人参蜂王浆中的主要化学成分人参皂甙在钴-60r辐照后无明显变化。     

芒果果实生长发育及脱落的研究

芒果在座果后经过约95天的生长达到成熟,果实在整个生长过程呈慢—快—慢的生长规律。其生理落果主要发生在座果后70天内。果实的过氧化物酶和IAA氧化酶活性以及可溶性蛋白质和总可溶性糖的含量均随果实的生长而提高,至80—85天时达到高峰,尔后降低。败育果的过氧化物酶、IAA氧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量高于正常果,可溶性蛋白质、总可溶性糖低于正常果,随着果实的生长,这种差异愈加显著。     

Ca^2＋对芒果果实后熟效应的研究

以7～8成熟的芒果果实为材料,比较果实减压渗钙与否对后熟的效应,研究与果实后熟相关酶类的活性和钙调蛋白（CaM）含量的动态变化,寻找它们之间的相互关系。结果表明：对照果实或Ca^2 处理果实在后熟过程中,CaM含量均发生变化,与此同时,伴随着多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、淀粉酶（Amglase）活性的变化,它们之间存在极显的相关性。Ca^2 对果实后熟悉具有双重效应,当Ca^2 处理果实置于室温下时,CaM含量、PG、淀粉酶活性明显受到抑制,后熟延缓。但把Ca^2 处理果实冷藏（12d）后回到室温第3～4d时,或直接减压渗钙果肉切片,其CaM含量、PG、淀粉酶活性增加,后熟加快。外源乙烯能解除Ca^2 的制效应。并讨论了Ca^2 的这些效应的可能机制。     

Starch Digestibility and Functional Properties of Rice Starch Subjected to Gamma Radiation

This study investigated the effect of gamma radiation on the digestibility and functional properties of rice starch. Rice cultivars IRGA417 and IAC202 were used for isolation of starch by the alkaline method. Starch samples were irradiated with 1, 2 and 5 kGy doses of ⁶⁰Co at a rate of 0.4 kGy/h. A control sample, which was not irradiated, was used for comparison. Irradiated and control starches were characterized by in vitro starch digestibility, total dietary fiber, color, water absorption index, water solubility index, syneresis, swelling factor, amylose leaching, pasting properties and gel firmness. Irradiations changed starch digestibility differently in either cultivar. Increasing radiation doses promoted increase in the color parameter b* (yellow), elevation in the capacity to absorb water, and solubility in water as well as the amylose leached from granules for both cultivars. Pasting properties showed a decrease that was proportional to the dose applied, caused by the depolymerization of starch molecules. Gel firmness of the starch from IAC202 was inversely proportional to the radiation dose applied, whereas for IRGA417, there was a reduction at 5 kGy dose. Rice starches can be modified by irradiation to exhibit different functional characteristics and they can be used by the food industries in products such as soups, desserts, flans, puddings and others.     

不同发酵方式对海南粗榧内生真菌CH1307c合成次级代谢产物的影响

为研究不同发酵方式对内生真菌次级代谢产物产量、成分类别及其对3种常见白血病细胞株的细胞毒活性影响。分别采用大米固态发酵、麦麸固态发酵、马铃薯液态静置发酵、马铃薯动态发酵4种发酵方式对分离自海南粗榧韧皮部内生真菌CH1307c进行发酵,并采用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,通过试管定性试验和MTT试验测定其粗提物的成分类别及其对细胞株K562、NB4、HL60的细胞毒活性。结果表明:大米固态发酵、麦麸固态发酵的次级代谢粗提物产量相对于马铃薯动态发酵分别增加了45.9倍和28倍;马铃薯动态发酵较其静置发酵产量高9.1倍。试管定性试验结果表明,大米固态发酵获得的粗提物,化合物种类最多,麦麸发酵和动态发酵次之,马铃薯液态静置发酵最少。此外,4种发酵方式获得的代谢粗提物对3株细胞株的抗肿瘤活性(IC50值)并未呈现明显差异。研究结果为该菌株的大规模发酵提供理论依据。     

基于指数平滑模型的海南省芒果价格预测

海南省芒果价格既受市场供求关系的影响,又受自然条件、社会和经济条件的影响,还受国际市场的影响,这就造成了海南省芒果价格预测的困难。现通过对过去一段时间海南省芒果价格变化情况的研究、分析,建立海南省芒果的价格指数平滑模型,用该模型拟合海南省芒果历史走势,根据模型预测海南省芒果未来几年的价格变化情况。试验结果表明,该模型能够有效的对海南省芒果价格曲线进行拟合、预测。     

UV-B增强下AMF对冬小麦灌浆期光合特性及根系生物量的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究UV-B辐射增强下接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对冬小麦灌浆期光合和蒸腾生理及根系生物量的影响。UV-B辐射设2个水平,即自然光[对照,1.5 k J/(m~2·h)]和UV-B增强[增强20%,1.8k J/(m~2·h)],AMF设2个水平,即+AMF(接种)和-AMF(不接种)。结果表明,UV-B辐射增强下,接种AMF对冬小麦灌浆期旗叶净光合速率下降趋势有延缓作用,但对根系生物量影响不明显;同时,冬小麦灌浆期旗叶气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度显著升高,接种AMF对其有抑制作用。     

菌根真菌接种对盆栽杜鹃花生长的影响

为了研究菌根真菌接种对盆栽杜鹃花生长的影响,以 2 个杜鹃花品种为材料,开展了 3 个菌株在有机肥和无机肥施肥组中的菌根真菌接种实验。结果表明,未接种菌根真菌的盆栽杜鹃花菌根侵染率较低（5%~7%）,接种的盆栽杜鹃花菌根侵染率提高至 12%~20%;2 个品种的接种植株在株高、地径、总分枝数和叶面积上均有显著增加,其中树粉孢属真菌菌株接种和施用无机缓释肥的组合处理盆栽杜鹃花生长量最大。     

菌根真菌接种对盆栽杜鹃花生长的影响

为了研究菌根真菌接种对盆栽杜鹃花生长的影响,以 2 个杜鹃花品种为材料,开展了 3 个菌株在有机肥和无 机肥施肥组中的菌根真菌接种实验。结果表明,未接种菌根真菌的盆栽杜鹃花菌根侵染率较低（5%~7%）,接种的盆栽 杜鹃花菌根侵染率提高至 12%~20%;2 个品种的接种植株在株高、地径、总分枝数和叶面积上均有显著增加,其中树 粉孢属真菌菌株接种和施用无机缓释肥的组合处理盆栽杜鹃花生长量最大。     

杂交稻种传真菌及稻种药剂处理研究

测定了１３个杂交稻组合、亲本和３个常规精种上种传真菌的种类及数量，进行了种子带菌部位及病菌系统修染的观察，阐明了稻种带菌率与发芽率之间的关系，并筛进出了几种有效的稻种真菌消毒剂．     

Fungi Causing Dry Tuber Rots of Seed Potatoes in Storage in Scotland

The occurrence, pathogenicity (1997 isolates only) and fungicide sensitivity of pathogens causing dry tuber rots in Scottish seed potatoes was investigated over three storage seasons between 1997 and 2000 in relation to region of production, cultivar, class and generation of seed potatoes, type of temperature control in store and earthiness of tubers. A total of 156 samples, each comprising up to ten rotted tubers, was received over the three seasons. The relative importance of each pathogen in causing rots was summarised by calculating a mean rot index that combined the prevalence of a pathogen in the samples with the incidence of tubers affected by the pathogen within those samples. Phoma foveata (gangrene) had the highest rot index, which was five times greater than for P. exigua and ten times greater than for P. eupyrena. This relationship was mirrored by the relative pathogenicities of P. foveata and P. eupyrena, as measured by size of rots developing at inoculated wounds in test tubers. Fusarium avenaceum appeared to be the greatest cause of Fusarium dry rots, having a rot index at least twice as great as that for F. solani var. coeruleum. Infection by F. sulphureum was relatively uncommon. In the pathogenicity test, F. avenaceum, F. solani var. coeruleum and F. sulphureum produced rots of similar depths and widths and larger than those of F. culmorum. The mean rot index for Cylindrocarpon spp. was slightly more than that for F. avenaceum, whereas C. destructans produced smaller rots in the tuber pathogenicity test. Region of production affected the prevalence of P. foveata and F. avenaceum, but only the occurrence of P. foveata was affected by class and generation of seed potatoes. Isolate sensitivity to thiabendazole and imazalil was examined in vitro over 2 years. Six out of seven isolates of F. sulphureum were resistant to thiabendazole, with the remaining isolate being partially resistant. The growth of two out of 34 isolates of F. avenaceum was inhibited by more than 50% only at 100 mg thiabendazole l⁻¹. All isolates, except those of F. avenaceum,, were inhibited in their growth by more than 50% at either 1 or 10 mg imazalil l⁻¹. However, the growth of 40% of isolates of F. avenaceum was inhibited only at 100 mg l⁻¹. The various changes in pathogen prevalence and isolate sensitivity to fungicides recorded in this study highlight the need for regular monitoring programmes to be conducted in order that disease-control strategies can remain effective.     

紫外线辐射增强条件下的水稻育种思考

紫外线辐射随着臭氧层的变薄而增强。增强的紫外线B（UV—B）辐射对水稻的生长发育有较大影响。UV—B辐射增强使水稻的光合作用下降,植株矮化,叶面积减小,干物质生产量减少,每株有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重下降,最终导致水稻籽粒产量下降。水稻对UV—B辐射增强的反应具有基因型差异,不同品种间抵抗UV—B辐射作用的能力差异较大。建立抗UV—B辐射的水稻种质资源库,开展抗UV—B辐射的杂交水稻遗传和育种研究,选育抗（耐）UV—B辐射的优质高产及综合性状好的水稻品种（组合）,是提高应对紫外线辐射增强的能力,保证水稻生产持续发展,保证粮食安全的具有前瞻性的重要课题。     

母体效应对大麦辐射M_1代生理损伤的影响

对二套组合各16个家系的分析表明，母体效应对大麦辐射风代生理损伤有极显著的影响。在由辐射敏感性差异较大的品种组成的组合Ⅰ中，其母体加性效应和母体显性效应均表现为极显著的正向作用，F1代正交组合的辐射损伤极显著低于反交组合，在回交世代中，由F1代作母本的反交组合的辐射损伤极显著低于正交组合。在由辐射敏感性差异较小的品种组成的组合Ⅱ中，母体效应主要表现为极显著的母体显性作用。