仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

由湛江市3个养猪场采集到40份仔猪黄痢、白痢腹泻粪便样品,共分离到40株大肠杆菌,其中7株是致病性大肠杆菌,三个猪场致病性大肠杆菌的分离率分别为15.4%、10%和43%。对7株致病性大肠杆菌进行药物敏感性试验,结果表明:它们均对恩诺沙星、菌必治和丁胺卡那霉素敏感,而对复方新诺明、阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素、四环素和庆大霉素的耐药率为100%,对氯霉素、头孢氨苄和痢特灵的耐药率为85.7%,对卡那霉素和链霉素的耐药率为57.1,%对氟哌酸和环丙沙星的耐药率为14.3%。猪场选用较敏感药物来防治仔猪大肠杆菌病,使疫病得到了有效控制。     

青海果洛州德昂乡屠宰牦牛大肠杆菌耐药性观察

用美国NCCLS规定的纸片扩散法药敏试验,对30株来自德昂乡3个试验点的屠宰牦牛大肠杆菌进行了耐药性观察。结果：30株大肠菌对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、氯霉素,链霉素的耐药率均为O％,痢特灵的中介率为6．7％,氨苄青霉素的耐药率及中介率均为10％,表明抗微生物药使用较少的牦牛体内大肠杆菌耐药性的产生也较少。     

禽大肠埃希菌耐药谱及氨基糖苷耐药基因分子流行病学调查

为了明确禽大肠埃希菌的耐药情况和氨基糖苷抗性基因的流行情况,用K-B纸片扩散法检测了27株致病性大肠杆菌对19种常用抗生素的耐药谱,用PCR方法检测了耐氨基糖苷抗生素分离株的4种氨基糖苷抗性基因,包括腺苷转移酶基因aadA1和aadB、乙酰转移酶基因aacA4 和磷酸转移酶基因apH(3')-Ⅱ.结果表明,氨苄青霉素、安灭菌、青霉素G和四环素的耐药菌株率高达100%,利福平的耐药菌株率达96.3%,氯霉素、红霉素的耐药菌株为70.4%,卡那霉素、环丙沙星、氟哌酸的耐药菌株率为59.3%, 链霉素的耐药菌株达到63.0%.氨苄西林/舒巴坦复方制剂、复达欣、庆大霉素和磷霉素的高敏菌株率分别为100%、 77. 8%、74.1%和51.9%.氨基糖苷抗性基因aadA1、aacA4 和apH(3')-Ⅱ的阳性率分别是44.4%、27.8%和55.6%,aadB未捡出.这些数据提示禽致病性大肠埃希菌存在广泛的耐药谱,氨基糖苷抗性基因aadA1和apH-(3')-Ⅱ是主要流行基因.     

兔源大肠杆菌耐药表型分析

从9个规模化兔场分离到50株大肠杆菌,选取了16种抗生素对这50株大肠杆菌运用Kirby-Barer法进行药敏试验,结果表明：先锋霉素、新霉素、痢特灵、丁胺卡那霉素的抑菌作用比较强;而细菌对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、强力霉素、林可霉素则表现出极其高的耐药性,对四环素、氯霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、链霉素也有很高的耐药性。所分离的大肠杆菌以耐药8～12种居多,占细菌总数的78％,未发现不耐药的菌株与全部耐药的菌株。     

鸡败血型大肠杆菌病的诊治报告

以流行病学诊断、临诊诊断、病理学诊断和实验室诊断等方法确诊了2009年发生在内蒙古乌兰察布市某养鸡场的鸡败血型大肠杆菌病,该次大肠杆菌病的平均发病率为8%左右,平均死亡率为5%左右。从病、死鸡中分离出12株菌株,进行生化鉴定,被检菌株符合大肠杆菌的特性。药敏试验结果表明：分离的大肠杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星高敏;对氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、氟哌酸、卡那霉素中敏;对痢特灵、青霉素G、四环素低敏或耐药。并对其发病的原因及预防措施进行了简述。     

仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为调查贵州省仔猪大肠杆菌的耐药性,从贵州省6个地、市、县采集病料,进行大肠杆菌的分离培养、生化鉴定、药敏试验和致病性试验等,分离出大肠杆菌128株,其中有42株为致病性大肠杆菌;对头孢哌酮、头孢曲松高度敏感,氧氟沙星和呋喃唑酮中度敏感,头孢噻吩、头孢拉定、青霉素、罗红霉素、四环素、氟苯尼考、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、克拉霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、氯霉素和链霉素不敏感,耐药。     

猪大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

对湘西北地区某猪场患病的仔猪的粪便及病变的脾脏、肝脏、淋巴结、肺脏、肾水肿液进行病原菌分离鉴定,并用Kirby-Bauer法测定分离菌株对15种抗菌药的敏感性。结果表明,患病仔猪分离到大肠杆菌和猪葡萄球菌两种细菌。其中大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、头孢呋肟、丁胺卡那霉素、四环素、先锋必素敏感,对氯霉素、氧哌嗪青霉素、先锋五号、头孢曲松钠、新霉素中介,对羧苄青霉素、强力霉素、青霉素、氨苄青霉素、红霉素有较高的耐药性。葡萄球菌对先锋霉素Ⅴ、丁胺卡那霉素敏感,对头孢曲松钠中介,对其他抗生素耐药。其中大肠杆菌对药物敏感率、中介率、耐药率均为33.33%;葡萄球菌的敏感率为13.33%,中介率为6.67%,耐药率为80.00%。     

江苏省部分地区鸡源大肠杆菌分离株药物敏感分析及临床治疗试验

为开展大肠杆菌分离株临床常用药物敏感性研究,对从江苏省不同地区养鸡场分离到的139株大肠杆菌进行了药物敏感性检测.结果显示,139株大肠杆菌分离株对氨苄青霉素、磺胺甲基异噁唑、庆大霉素、四环素、诺氟沙星、卡那霉素、链霉素、先锋IV等13种抗生素的耐药率超过了50％,尤其是对强力霉素、氨苄青霉素、四环素、链霉素、磺胺甲基...     

黑龙江省黑河市周边地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

对黑龙江省黑河市周边地区100例临床或隐性乳房炎的奶牛的奶样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对分离出的细菌进行致病性评估及药敏试验。本文共分离出10种89株细菌,其中葡萄球菌33株,占37.1%;链球菌33株,占37.1%;大肠杆菌9株,占10.1%;其它菌株14株,占15.7%。药敏试验结果表明,病原菌对头孢噻肟、先锋V、先锋Ⅵ、阿米卡星、卡那霉素、氯霉素高敏;对四环素、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素、氨苄青霉素已出现耐药趋势;青霉素G、链霉素对所有菌株已几乎无效。     

商品肉鸭沙门氏菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

从云南昆明、玉溪、红河13个商品肉鸭养殖场有典型鸭沙门氏菌病临床症状,且具有心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎病变的病(死)鸭中分离到43株细菌,经形态观察、培养及生化特性、血清学鉴定,上述菌株均为鸭沙门氏菌(S.Anatum),动物致病性试验显示受试的13株细菌均可使健康鸭发病或死亡,药敏试验结果显示细菌对头孢氨苄、氯霉素、阿米卡星敏感,对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、氟哌酸、链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、痢特灵较敏感,对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林有不同程度的耐药性,对林可霉素、青霉素、土霉素、强力霉素、红霉素、罗红霉素耐药。     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus strains isolated from poultry faeces

We have investigated the resistance of Enterococcus isolated from poultry faeces to antibiotics commonly used as therapy of enterococcal infections. Identification was made by the method of Facklam and Collins. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were determined and high level aminoglycoside resistance was investigated. Genes codifying high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) were determined by PCR. Fifty five Enterococcus strains were isolated (63.6% E. faecalis, 12.7% E. mundtii, 9.1% E. faecium, 7.3% E. casseliflavus, 3.7% E. durans and 3.6% E. hirae). None of the strains were resistant to VAN, TEC, P or AM. HLAR was found in 34.5% of strains for SM, 27.3% for KM and 7.3% for GM. The gene for the bifunctional enzyme was found only in one strain, that showed HLAR to GM and KM. Fourteen strains harboured the gene aph(3')-III, being 11 resistant to KM and STR, and three resistant to GM, KM and STR. The remaining six strains showed HLAR to STR, but were negative for the three genes tested by PCR. The gene ant(4'4") was not detected in any of the strains. No unexpected vancomycin resistance was detected. The resistance rates among poultry strains were lower than those found among human strains isolated from hospital patients in recent Canary studies.     

Study on Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken and Swine in Organic Farm

To determine the drug resistance of E.coli strains from swine and chicken in organic farm,collection of stool specimens was conducted in one organic farm in Conghua city,Guangdong province in 2014,in which 118 E.coli strains were separated,including 55 from chicken and 63 from swine.The sensitivity of the E.coli strains from swine and chicken to 18 kinds of drugs was detected through agar dilution method.Similar properties in drug resistance were observed both in E.coli strains from swine and chicken in the same organic farm.In consideration of the resistance rate,samples were relatively sensitive to ceftazidime,cefquinome,cefoxitin,amikacin,apramycin,gentamicin,neomycin,florfenicol,chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and olaquindox (chicken 0 to 21.8%;swine 0 to 14.3%).These isolates showed moderate resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin (chicken 29.1% to 38.2%;swine 23.8% to 27.0%).About 56.4% chicken isolates and 47.6% swine isolates showed resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs.However,severe resistance was observed in trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole,tetracyclineand and doxycycline (chicken 45.5%,76.4% and 72.7%;swine 50.8%,81.0% and 68.3%).The results also indicated that under organic farming mode,the drug resistance rates of E.coli strains from swine and chicken were relatively low in general.Multi-drug resistance existed but was relatively slight.Although the drug resistance rate to several specific antimicrobials was high,it was still lower than that in conventional farms.Since most studies focused on the drug resistance of the bacteria under conventional farming model,this study filled the blank of the research of drug resistance under organic farming model.     

有机农场鸡、猪源大肠杆菌耐药性研究

为了解有机养殖模式下鸡、猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况,2014年从广东从化某有机农场鸡、猪粪便中采集并分离出118株大肠杆菌,包括55株鸡源大肠杆菌和63株猪源大肠杆菌,采用琼脂稀释法测定大肠杆菌对18种抗菌药的敏感性。结果发现,同一有机农场中,鸡源大肠杆菌与猪源大肠杆菌在耐药种类及耐药率上均呈现相似规律,对头孢他啶、头孢喹肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、阿米卡星、安普霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素、氟苯尼考、氯霉素、亚胺培南、环丙沙星、喹乙醇等较敏感(鸡0~21.8%,猪0~14.3%),对氨苄西林、链霉素呈现轻度耐药(鸡29.1%~38.2%,猪23.8%~27.0%),对复方新诺明、四环素、多西环素呈现较严重耐药(鸡45.5%、76.4%和72.7%,猪50.8%、81.0%和68.3%)。鸡源大肠杆菌中3耐及3耐以上的菌株占56.4%,猪源大肠杆菌占47.6%。结果表明有机养殖模式下鸡、猪源大肠杆菌耐药率相对较低,多重耐药现象存在但相对轻微,对个别临床常用抗菌药耐药率虽较严重但比常规养殖场低。由于目前国内大部分学者致力于研究常规养殖方式下细菌耐药情况,本研究很好地填补了有机养殖模式下畜禽大肠杆菌耐药性研究的空白。     

屠宰前鸡、猪源大肠杆菌耐药性调查

本试验旨在了解屠宰前鸡、猪源食品动物体内大肠杆菌耐药情况,分析潜在的食品安全问题。从广州市畜禽交易市场随机采集待屠宰鸡和猪的粪便样品,分离鉴定大肠杆菌,并采用琼脂稀释法检测大肠杆菌对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,从658份猪源样品和133份鸡源样品中共分离鉴定出731株大肠杆菌,其中猪源606株,鸡源125株。药敏试验结果显示,731株大肠杆菌均表现出不同程度的耐药,耐药谱广且多重耐药现象严重。对复方新诺明和四环素的耐药率为90.0%以上,仅对头孢西丁、黏菌素和阿米卡星较敏感(耐药率均低于3%)。鸡源大肠杆菌对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、新霉素、阿米卡星、萘啶酸和环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于猪源大肠杆菌(P＜0.05)。鸡源大肠杆菌中3耐及3耐以上的菌株占97.60%,猪源大肠杆菌占94.72%。结果表明,屠宰前畜禽体内大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性非常严重,以多重耐药为主,且耐药谱丰富多样。提示屠宰前畜禽携带的耐药菌对食品安全和人类健康存在较大的安全隐患。     

禽源结肠弯曲杆菌的耐药性分析与MLST分型

为了解禽肉结肠弯曲杆菌的耐药表型和分子型,采用琼脂平板稀释法和多位点序列分型(Multilocus Se-quence Typing,MLST)技术分别对54株禽肉结肠弯曲杆菌进行耐药性及分子分型研究。耐药性试验结果得到单重耐药菌株有41株(75.9%),分别是对环丙沙星耐药有9株(16.7%)、对强力霉素耐药有23株(42.6%)和对红霉素耐药有9株(16.7%);多重耐药菌株有10株(18.5%),其中4株(7.4%)对环丙沙星和强力霉素耐药,1株(1.9%)对环丙沙星和红霉素耐药,4株(7.4%)对红霉素和强力霉素耐药,1株(1.9%)对环丙沙星、红霉素和强力霉素耐药;所有菌株对硫酸庆大霉素敏感。MLST得到了38个(含1个新的)等位基因(allele);26个(含8个新的)序列型(Sequence type,ST);2个已知序列型克隆系(ST clonal complexes),ST-828克隆系(45株,83.3%)和ST-1150克隆系(3株,5.6%),以及5个(6株,11.1%)没有序列型克隆系。耐药性与序列型和序列克隆系相关性比较,相关性不大。结果提示,禽肉结肠弯曲杆菌出现了对环丙沙星、红霉素和强力霉素的单重及多重耐药菌株;禽肉中结肠弯曲杆菌主要流行ST-828克隆系;耐药性与序列型及序列克隆系相关性差,揭示耐药菌株来源广泛。     

不同省区鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性调查与系统进化群分析

为有效控制鸡大肠杆菌病,对不同省区鸡源大肠杆菌致病菌株的分布情况及耐药特征进行了调查分析,分别采用PCR法和MIC法进行了系统进化群分群检测和药敏试验,采用皮下注射进行了动物致病性试验,并采用SPSS17．0软件进行差异显著性分析。结果显示：低致病群B1（38．13％）和非致病群A（34．02％）菌株分布相对较多,其次是高致病群D（21．23％）和B2（6．16％）;鸡源大肠杆菌耐药严重,12种药物的耐药率在50％以上,多重耐药问题突出,多重耐药率高达98．86％;不同省区鸡源大肠杆菌菌株的耐药程度存在差异,个别药物（如奥格门丁、头孢噻呋等）差异显著;高致病群B2和D群菌株的耐药程度较B1和A群菌株严重,其中氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、大观霉素、头孢噻呋、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、奥格门丁等7种药物差异显著（ P＜0．05）。试验表明,我国鸡源大肠杆菌高致病菌株检出率高,且耐药程度相对严重,在适宜条件下更易导致鸡群发病且较难控制。     

Virulence genotype of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from different hosts with various disease status

To learn more about the molecular biology of Pasteurella multocida 289 strains isolated from various clinically healthy and diseased hosts were examined for capsule biosynthesis genes (capA, B, D, E, and F) and 14 virulence associated genes by PCR and DNA-DNA-hybridization. As expected, capsule type A strains were highly adapted to bovines (92.3%) and poultry (85.7%) while we mainly found capA (34.9%)- and capD (58.1%)-positive strains in swine. A noticeable amount of capD-positive strains also originated from small ruminants (34.9%) and capF was detected in wild type strains from diseased cattle (2.2%) and cats (7.4%). None of the isolates harboured capE, while capB was exclusively found in all strains from buffaloes. Nearly all isolates showed a combination of genes encoding outer membrane proteins, colonization factors, iron aquisition factors and superoxid-dismutases without any clue for host specificity. In contrast, the transferrin binding protein encoding gene tbpA (31.5%) was limited to ruminant strains and only 37.0% of all P. multocida strains harboured pfhA, coding for a filamentous hemagglutinin, supposed to be a putative adhesion- und serum resistance factor. PfhA revealed a strong positive association to the outcome of disease in bovine hosts and in combination with toxA to that in swine. The dermonecrotoxin encoding toxA, present in 12.5% of all strains, was detected in isolates from swine, small ruminants, cattle, and poultry. A significant association to the disease status, however, was only existent in swine, although with 66.7% we found a notably high prevalence of the toxin gene among strains from small ruminants. The genes toxA, tbpA and pfhA as well as capsule biosynthesis genes are supposed to be important epidemiological marker genes for characterizing P. multocida field strains.     

胶东地区不同家禽MSSA和MRSA的流行分布与耐药性分析

通过了解胶东地区肉鸡、蛋鸡和水禽(鸭、鹅)中甲氧西林敏感/耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA/MRSA)的流行情况及耐药现状,为临床合理用药、有效控制耐药菌株的流行传播提供依据。采用细菌常规分离培养、质谱/PCR鉴定、微量肉汤稀释法和spa分型等方法,对2021年8月至10月在青岛地区采集的2730份禽源咽拭子进行MSSA及MRSA分离鉴定、spa分型及药敏试验,利用SPSS26.0软件和BioNumericsv7.6软件进行数据处理分析。2730份禽源咽拭子中共获得金黄色葡萄球菌742株(27.18%),其中MSSA 528株(19.34%),MRSA 214株(7.84%)。三种家禽菌株分离率依次为水禽(38.33%)、蛋鸡(28.45%)、肉鸡(20.33%)。351株代表性金黄色葡萄球菌共获得16种spa型别,MSSA(70.80%)和MRSA(95.30%)均是以t899为主。部分型别仅在蛋鸡(t010、t002、t3155)或肉鸡(t571、t011)或水禽(t1793、t5268、t267)中分离到。MSSA和MRSA对青霉素类、喹诺酮类等多种药物显示出高水平耐药,分别对8种和...     

动物源大肠杆菌及沙门氏菌抗药性的快速检测

利用本室自主研制的新型96点阵药敏检测盒检测山东地区动物源大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌的药物敏感性,试验结果表明,大肠杆菌对氨苄西林和喹诺酮类药物的抗药率达98%以上,禽源大肠杆菌的抗药率高于猪源大肠杆菌,猪源大肠杆菌的抗药谱广于禽源大肠杆菌;沙门氏菌抗药率略低于大肠杆菌,但同样呈现多重抗药,主要集中在5抗-7抗和13抗-14抗两个范围。96点阵抗生素药敏检测盒是适合于试验室进行大规模抗药性监测的新工具,具有简易、准确、快速、大通量、节约的优点,为临床治疗中抗生素的使用、细菌病的治疗提供了技术保障,从而达到避免盲目使用抗生素,降低细菌抗药率的目的。     

广东省养禽场肠球菌耐药性及毒力因子流行分布特征

旨在调查和分析广东省养禽场肠球菌的亚型屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌耐药性及其毒力因子流行分布特征,为控制禽源肠球菌耐药性传播、保障公共卫生安全提供理论依据。作者于2018年从广东省4个养禽场采集肠道样品493份,进行屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌的分离鉴定;采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;PCR方法检测肠球菌的耐药基因和毒力基因。结果显示：1）共分离到125株肠球菌,其中粪肠球菌84株（鸡源66株,鸭源18株）;屎肠球菌41株,均来自鸡肠道样本。2）菌株对四环素、多西环素、红霉素几乎全部耐药,对氟苯尼考和氯霉素的耐药率高达89.60%和74.40%。屎肠球菌耐药率普遍高于粪肠球菌,而粪肠球菌对环丙沙星和利奈唑胺的耐药率高于屎肠球菌;鸭源粪肠球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药率（94%）显著高于鸡源粪肠球菌（39.4%）,屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺均敏感。从鸡分离的1株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药。3）耐药基因在屎肠球菌中的检出率高于粪肠球菌,鸭源分离株检出率高于鸡源。耐药基因tetL、fexA、ermB最为流行,检出率均高于90%。其次是optrA基因,检出率为73.60%,poxtA和fexB的检出率均低于20%。在3株鸭源粪肠球菌中检测出cfr基因。4）已检测的毒力基因中efaA的携带率最高,为63.04%（58/92）,其他依次为gelE（54.35%,50/92）、ace（47.83%,44/92）、asa1（44.57%,41/92）。对环丙沙星及高浓度氨基糖苷类耐药的菌株及携带cfr基因的菌株,大多携带agg、asal、gelE或ace。本研究显示养殖场禽源肠球菌耐药严重,鸭源肠球菌对利奈唑胺耐药率高,耐药基因和毒力基因流行且多样,且检测出人医临床重要抗生素耐药基因,应加强对养禽场肠球菌耐药性监测。