马铃薯夏播留种半地下冷贮效果

<正> 马铃薯是粮菜兼用的优良作物,它适应性强,分布广,产量高,营养均衡,农民有丰富的种植经验,且种植面积较大,但是,由于我县马铃薯种薯存在病毒性退化问题,连续春播3年就严重退化,失去种用价值,从而影响了马铃薯生产的发展。据我县统计局资料,1960～1981年的22年间45·6万亩马铃薯种植面积表明,其平均亩产仅达512公斤。为了提高马铃薯单位,防止种薯退化,实现就地留种是我县亟待解决的重要课题。     

改进型马铃薯小型机械化丰产栽培技术

张家口市坝上地区是全国优质马铃薯种薯和商品薯主产区之一,近几年的马铃薯种植面积稳定在20万hm2左右,随着全市种植业结构的进一步调整和马铃薯深加工业的不断发展,不同用途的专用型马铃薯生产呈现出良好的发展势头,种植面积呈现逐年上升的趋势,农民的积极性不断提高,已将马铃薯作为增产增收的支柱型产业来发展.     

小春马铃薯地膜覆盖效应浅析

近几年来 ,市场上对鲜薯的需求量增加 ,特别是小春马铃薯上市正值蔬菜淡季 ,需求更大。我县小春马铃薯种植具有悠久的历史 ,常年种植面积1340ｈｍ2 左右。为培植我县马铃薯产业 ,县委、县政府在农业结构调整中积极贯彻市委、市政府提出的“薯类经济战略” ,扩大了小春马铃薯面积 ,2 0 0 1年种植面积达 2 5 81ｈｍ2 。但由于小春马铃薯生长季节常受干旱、霜冻的影响 ,严重制约着小春马铃薯产量的进一步提高。因此我县在扩种小春马铃薯的同时 ,积极开展小春马铃薯地膜覆盖技术试验 ,探讨小春马铃薯地膜覆盖效应 ,旨在为扩大推广该技术 ,促进产…     

利用自然条件和地理优势发展马铃薯生产

利用自然条件和地理优势发展马铃薯生产黄新碧，陈朝庆（广东省农科院旱作所５１０６４０）１马铃薯生产情况广东种植马铃薯已有一百多年历史，近年栽培面积４０万亩左右，主要是在晚稻收获后（１１月中旬前后）种植的冬种马铃薯，极少数地区种植晚秋薯，北部山区有少部分...     

西和县创新发展马铃薯产业的策略

<正>西和县马铃薯品质优,淀粉含量高,鲜薯及加工产品畅销周边地区及陕西、四川、重庆、上海、广州等地,成为我县农民重要的经济来源之一。近年来,随着马铃薯营养价值和保健作用的不断挖掘,以及马铃薯在现代加工业中日益显现的重要作用,使人们不约而同地把发展当地经济,调整农业结构的目光投入到马铃薯新兴产业上。为了抓住这一机遇,当地政府高度重视,不断进行马铃薯新品种的引进与繁育,现在西和县马铃薯种植面积达到了1.67万hm2以上,占粮食作物面积的45%,年产鲜薯37万余t,个体加工户达到4 000余家,马铃薯已成为我县的一个新兴产业,成为农业结构调整,经济增长的新亮点。     

早熟马铃薯夏播育苗移栽留种技术

１　前　言山西中南部限制马铃薯复播面积的主要原因是无优质种薯。北部种薯区因早熟马铃薯上市早、价格高，优质种薯被当作商品薯食用，加上早熟马铃薯种薯贮藏时间长，损耗大，种薯价格相应提高，农民无法接受。解决早熟马铃薯留种困难的方法是夏播育苗移栽留种。据杨孝楫、何廷飞等研究，夏播、育苗留种技术有增加产量，减缓退化，减少病害的作用〔１，２〕。山西北部在７月１５日左右春麦收获后，移栽优质薯苗，每６６７ｍ２可产种薯７５０～１０００ｋｇ，这就为扩大早熟马铃薯及其复播面积，提供了种源，同时开辟了一条经济有效的繁种…     

讷河市马铃薯产业现状与发展对策

讷河市土壤气候条件非常适合马铃薯生长,是黑龙江省重要的马铃薯种薯和商品薯产区之一。但是,从2012年开始,受全国马铃薯市场行情的影响,讷河市马铃薯种植面积急剧下滑,收益减少,严重影响农民的生产积极性。针对讷河市马铃薯产业存在问题,提出了发展马铃薯产业的对策,包括建立先进的种薯生产企业,加强种薯质量控制。除发展种薯生产外,亦应重视满足市场需求的商品薯种植。     

商洛地区马铃薯新品种引种试验

1　前　言商洛地区地处陕西省东南部秦岭山区 ,常年种植马铃薯面积 3 5万ｈｍ2 左右 ,平均单产 80 0ｋｇ 6 6 7ｍ。 为了促进马铃薯品种的更新换代 ,满足广大群众对优良品种的迫切需求 ,我所于 2 0 0 0年 3月从甘肃省农科院渭源县马铃薯繁育基地引进陇德1号、陇德 3号、渭薯 1号、渭薯 8号、陇薯 2 16 10等新品种 ,加上本所选育新品系 ,设置马铃薯新品种引种试验 ,从中筛选适于我区栽培的优质、高产、抗病的优良品种 ,并摸索其生育特性 ,为我区马铃薯创高产提供种源和科学的栽培依据。2　材料与方法2 1　试验材料陇薯 1号、陇薯 3号、渭薯…     

德化县脱毒马铃薯生产存在的问题与发展对策

德化县是福建省马铃薯生产主产区之一,种植历史悠久,常年种植面积0.37万hm2,鲜薯总产量5.6万t,平均667 m2产量1 020 kg,最高产量达2513 kg,单产差异较大.近几年来,脱毒马铃薯种植面积迅速扩大,至2002年德化县累计推广脱毒马铃薯面积0.51万hm2,平均667 m2鲜薯产量1 567 kg,比当地自留种增产44.4%,且脱毒种薯商品率高,售价高,销路好,农民增收明显,深受群众欢迎.     

马铃薯脱毒扦插苗的温室沙床生产技术

1　前　言脱毒扦插苗的繁殖就是在不换代的情况下 ,在有限的时间和有限的沙床上提高繁殖系数的措施之一 ,也是我们每年给农民群众提供大量优质微型薯的最有繁殖效益的方法之一 ,为了加快我县脱毒马铃薯种植面积 ,每年给农民群众提供大量的优质脱毒微型薯 ,现将生产中需掌握的一     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。