一种大轮拖驱动轮轴开裂原因分析及解决措施

针对某型号拖拉机在装配试车时,发生驱动轮轴齿条断裂和键槽开裂掉块现象,我们从产品结构、金属材料及热处理等方面对其产生原因进行了分析。结果表明,驱动轮轴的齿条、键槽壁部位为感应淬火疑难部位,由于结构的不合理,感应淬火时易在感应淬火疑难部位产生淬火裂纹。通过感应淬火工艺调整和改进,避免了感应淬火裂纹的产生,并使驱动轮轴感应淬火硬化层深符合技术要求,满足了用户对驱动轮轴的正常使用要求。     

YTC-1型水溶性淬火介质研究

介绍一种国产的以水溶性聚合物为主要成分的淬火介质,代号为YTC-1,用于我公司100系列柴油机45钢曲轴的感应加热淬火。在控制淬火变形、保证表面硬度和消除淬火裂纹等方面取得了满意的效果,可替代德国进口的Osmaniler水溶性淬火介质,具有较大的经济效益。     

Gr15轴承钢常规厚件淬火工艺研究

通过分析传统淬火工艺及介质对厚件轴承钢淬火硬度低下的原因,提出采用碳酸氢钠替代硝酸盐淬火介质,并取得了较好的效果,解决了长期困扰企业产品质量的问题,填补了国内同行业该项工艺的空白.     

球墨铸铁的等温淬火及应用

介绍了球墨铸铁的等温淬火工艺及淬火后球墨铸铁的机械性能，通过对比，得出等温淬火是球墨铸铁最佳热处理方法之一，并举出了几个应用实例。     

“零保温”淬火工艺对45#钢表面硬度的影响研究

在780℃至920℃温度范围内对45#钢进行“零保温”淬火,并测量其表面硬度;再以500℃至650℃不同温度进行高温回火,并测量其表面硬度。就硬度性能方面对比传统淬火工艺后材料的表面硬度,研究“零保温”淬火对45#钢表面硬度的影响,分析“零保温”淬火工艺替代传统淬火工艺的可能性,并提出了合理的工艺路线。     

YTC—1型水溶性淬火介质研究

介绍一种国产的以水溶性聚合物为主要成分的淬火介质，代号为ＹＴＣ－１，用于我公司１００系列柴油机４５钢曲轴的感应加热淬火。在控制淬火变形、保证表面硬度和消除淬火裂纹等方面取得了满意的效果，可替代德国进口的Ｏｓｍａｎｉｌｅｒ水溶性淬火介质，具有较大的经济效益。     

40Cr亚温淬火研究进展

文章简述了40Cr钢的亚温淬火工艺对力学性能及组织的影响,并重点论述了亚温淬火工艺提高力学性能的机制。     

45#钢“零保温”淬火对其强度和硬度的影响研究

在790℃至840℃温度范围内对45#钢进行“零保温”淬火,并测量其表面硬度：再以500℃至650℃不同温度进行高温回火,并测量其强度。通过常规淬火与“零保温”淬火后机械性能的对比发现。在合理的工艺路线下,强度、硬度等方面“零保温”淬火完全可以替代传统淬火工艺。     

数控系统在曲轴旋转淬火机床中的应用

介绍了用于4125柴油机曲轴轴颈表面感应淬火的旋转淬火机床及其以工业控制计算机为核心的机床控制系统。     

履带拖拉机驱动轮专用淬火机床的研制

介绍了履带拖拉机驱动轮专用淬火机床的设计思想、结构特点及在生产中的应用 ,该机床具有动作自动控制 ,加热、淬火时间连续可调 ,生产率高等优点。     

A model for simulation of potato growth on the plant community level

A model for the main processes in potato growth is developed and used for the simulation of crop production under different meteorological conditions. The main control factors considered in the model are irrigation, fertilization and timing of harvest. The model is constructed on the level of the plant community. The time interval for the simulation of general dynamic processes is one day. To describe some important physiological processes during a day, the simulation is performed by subroutines with hourly time steps.     

基于高压电技术的烟气脱硫研究与应用进展

分析与评述了国内外基于高压静电技术的烟气脱硫研究与应用进展,介绍了几种以高压电技术为基础的烟气脱硫新技术--电子束烟气脱硫、脉冲电晕等离子法脱硫、荷电干法烟气脱硫和荷电喷雾烟气脱硫技术;并且分析了这几种烟气处理技术的作用原理、特点和发展现状,展望了其应用前景.     

大型轮式拖拉机滚动轴承的装配工艺

大型轮式拖拉机传动系内部轴承装配采用手工砸入的方式,已经不能满足现代企业生产的需要。为了提高传动系统的轴承装配质量,减轻工人的劳动强度,对几种轴承的传统装配工艺进行了技术改造,介绍了改进后的几种装配工艺,并对技术要点进行了分析。     

时间序列法在参考作物腾发量分析与模拟中的应用

把时间序列法应用于参考作物腾发量的模拟中，经研究和分析计算证明：参考作物的腾发量由一个呈周期性变化的周期分量和一个随机变化的随机分量构成。用该方法对农田灌溉研究所商丘试验站1977～1986年的参考作物腾发量进行了分析与模拟，在一定精度上能够准确地反映出参考作物腾发量在长时期内的变化过程，为灌溉工程的规划、设计和管理提供了依据。     

化学—生物组合工艺处理难降解有机废水技术的研究进展

化学氧化一氧法组合处理在难降解有机污染物处理方面具有广泛应用前景,设计此项组合技术的关键在于选择相补充并能产生迭加效应的处理方法。本文从组合工艺处理难降解有机污染物的原理及影响因素,研究现状、发展方向及存在问题等方面进行评述。     

A methodology for integrated economic and environmental analysis of pollution from agriculture

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the effect of policies focused at reducing pollution from agriculture. Such a methodology must take into account that agricultural pollution is an effect of a large set of interacting processes, covers many different substances, and may vary substantially due to shifts in natural and economic conditions. Thus, the methodology must both cover the specificities of the different processes/disciplines involved and foster integration across these in a consistent way. The basic challenge is to cover the non-linear fine-scale variations at different levels of land-based production systems. Our methodology is founded on the idea of partitioning. It implies structuring and simplifying existing variation in space and time into partitions that are considered homogeneous. These partitions are organized in a hierarchy, and the different processes involved are modeled at the relevant level. We have concluded that analyses with fairly high level of resolution are preferable. This way it is also possible to combine a systems perspective with disciplinary integrity. A modeling structure – ECECMOD (2.0) – based on the developed principles is documented. The paper also shows the ability of this structure to simulate choice of farming practices and emissions that are well in accordance with observations from four Norwegian regions with very different agricultural and natural conditions.     

A process-based model to simulate changes in tiller density and light interception of sugarcane crops

Tiller density on commercial sugarcane fields is a dynamic variable and part of the canopy that interacts with the environment. Three internal processes influence tiller density in well-watered crops. Those are (1) primary tiller germination, (2) underground branching (tillering) and (3) tiller senescence. Current sugarcane models depend on light interception, partly determined by tiller density, to simulate photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. In this paper a model is described that takes mechanistic canopy processes, like tillering and light competition into consideration. Five phases of canopy development are described. The model was calibrated on one cultivar and has mean errors close to half those of the CANEGRO model in tiller numbers per ha (RMSE=78,577 cf. RMSE=149,084) and%PAR light interception (RMSE=8.5 cf. RMSE=13.8), respectively. The model's mechanistic nature enables its application in more sensitive tiller and canopy dependent processes, such as high tiller densities, extensive ratooning and stool damage.     

污水生物脱氮除磷机理与新工艺

随着生物脱氮除磷技术的发展,一些新的工艺也逐步应用于污水处理中.首先系统地阐述了生物脱氮除磷的机理,然后着重介绍了几种污水处理的新方法:SHARON-ANAMMOX联合工艺、UCT工艺和BCFS工艺以及这几种新工艺的主要特点.最后对当前我国污水处理的发展方向提出了一些建议.     

货厢厢板滚压成形及TOX连接线

以 7Y 95 0三轮农用运输车货厢厢板为例 ,介绍了货厢厢板滚压成形工艺和滚压成形机组的设计。通过应用德国TOX公司板材冲压连接技术 ,提高了货厢生产的工艺水平 ,取得显著经济效益     

养猪场废水治理技术进展

养猪场废水是农业重大污染源.本文介绍了养猪场废水的水质特征,对养猪场废水的各种处理工艺进行了较全面的比较分析.目前主要采用厌氧技术治理养猪场废水,但是单一的厌氧技术是难以达到预期的处理效果,组合工艺才是使处理水质达到排放或回用标准的最好方法.自然生态处理方法具有能耗省,投资成本低,处理效果好,资源回收利用率高等特点,是一个值得推崇的养猪场废水理想的后续处理技术.