贵州大方辣椒种植基地生态地质环境分析

为了扩大贵州大方辣椒规模化种植,从生态地质环境角度对贵州大方辣椒种植基地进行综合分析,结果发现：（1）大方县辣椒种植基地主要分布在三叠系的嘉陵江组（或永宁镇组）、关岭组、飞仙关组以及侏罗系的下沙溪庙组至上沙溪庙组及自留井组等地层的出露区,且三叠系的关岭组出露区较为适宜种植辣椒,而三叠系的嘉陵江组（或永宁镇组）和侏罗系出露区为辣椒种植适宜区。（2）贵州大方县的辣椒种植基地土壤中Mg、Al、K、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn和Mn 等元素较为富集,能为辣椒生长提供充足的矿质营养元素来源。（3）大方县辣椒种植适合区主要有兴隆-八堡、长石-三元和果瓦-三元狭长带、达溪-核桃-响水-竹园-双山-文闵片区和羊场-黄泥塘-理化-鸡场-马场片区。     

贵州大方辣椒种植基地生态地质环境分析

为了扩大贵州大方辣椒规模化种植,从生态地质环境角度对贵州大方辣椒种植基地进行综合分析,结果发现:(1)大方县辣椒种植基地主要分布在三叠系的嘉陵江组(或永宁镇组)、关岭组、飞仙关组以及侏罗系的下沙溪庙组至上沙溪庙组及自留井组等地层的出露区,且三叠系的关岭组出露区较为适宜种植辣椒,而三叠系的嘉陵江组(或永宁镇组)和侏罗系出露区为辣椒种植适宜区.(2)贵州大方县的辣椒种植基地土壤中Mg、Al、K、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn和Mn等元素较为富集,能为辣椒生长提供充足的矿质营养元素来源.(3)大方县辣椒种植适合区主要有兴隆-八堡、长石-三元和果瓦-三元狭长带、达溪-核桃-响水-竹园-双山-文闵片区和羊场-黄泥塘-理化-鸡场-马场片区.     

Fossil spores, pollen, and fishes from connecticut indicate early jurassic age for part of the newark group

Palynologically productive localities have been found in the United States throughout the Newark Group basins, most of which had previously been assumed to be barren. Rich palynoflorules dominated by coniferous pollen of Circulina-Classopollis type, and well-preserved fossil fishes, including possible new semionotids, have been found in the Hartford basin. Palynological data indicate that the Newark Group has considerable time-stratigraphic range: Upper Triassic for the Cumnock Formation (North Carolina), the Vinita Beds (Virginia), and the upper New Oxford Formation (Pennsylvania), Rhaeto-Liassic for the Brunswick Formation (New Jersey), Portland Formation (Connecticut and Massachusetts), and the Shuttle Meadow Formation (Connecticut).     

An ictidosaur fossil from north america

Teeth of a North American ictidosaur, Pachygenelus milleri, n. sp., found in the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas, indicate that it is very similar to Pachygenelus monus of South Africa and Chaliminia musteloides of South America. The presence of a Gondwana element in the Northern Hemisphere attests to the ease of dispersal of the Late Triassic vertebrates through Pangea. Ictidosaurs are small, highly advanced, carnivorous cynodonts that display a mosaic of reptilian and mammalian features in the masticatory apparatus. They were contemporaneous with early mammals and probably closely related to them.     

A Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage from New Mexico and the rise of dinosaurs

It has generally been thought that the first dinosaurs quickly replaced more archaic Late Triassic faunas, either by outcompeting them or when the more archaic faunas suddenly became extinct. Fossils from the Hayden Quarry, in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of New Mexico, and an analysis of other regional Upper Triassic assemblages instead imply that the transition was gradual. Some dinosaur relatives preserved in this Chinle assemblage belong to groups previously known only from the Middle and lowermost Upper Triassic outside North America. Thus, the transition may have extended for 15 to 20 million years and was probably diachronous at different paleolatitudes.     

The complete skull and skeleton of an early dinosaur

The unearthing of a complete skull and skeleton of the early dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis sheds light on the early evolution of dinosaurs. Discovered in the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, the fossils show that Herrerasaurus, a primitive theropod, was an agile, bipedal predator with a short forelimb specialized for grasping and raking. The fossils clarify anatomical features of the common ancestor of all dinosaurs. Herrerasaurus and younger dinosaurs from Upper Triassic beds in Argentina suggest that the dinosaurian radiation was well under way before dinosaurs dominated terrestrial vertebrate communities in taxonomic diversity and abundance.     

Pollen and spores date origin of rift basins from Texas to nova scotia as early late triassic

Palynological studies of the nonmarine Newark Supergroup of eastern North America and of rift basins in the northern Gulf of Mexico facilitate correlation with well-dated marine sections of Europe. New information emphasizes the chronological link between the Newark basins and a Gulf of Mexico basin and their common history in the rifting of North America from Pangea. Shales from the subsurface South Georgia Basin are shown to be of late Karnian age (early Late Triassic). The known time of earliest sedimentation in the Culpeper Basin is extended from Norian (late Late Triassic) to mid-Karnian, and the date of earliest sedimentation in the Richmond and Deep River basins is moved to at least earliest Karnian, perhaps Ladinian. The subsurface Eagle Mills Formation in Texas and Arkansas has been dated palynologically as mid- to late Karnian. The oldest parts of the Newark Supergroup, and the Eagle Mills Formation, mostly began deposition in precursor rift basins that formed in Ladinian to early Karnian time. In the southern Newark basins, sedimentation apparently ceased in late Karnian but continued in the northern basins well into the Jurassic, until genesis of the Atlantic ended basin sedimentation.     

渤中凹陷西次洼陡坡带427地区东营组高精度层序地层与岩性圈闭识别研究

以渤中凹陷西次洼427地区西部陡坡带为主,开展了石南陡坡带高精度层序地层格架下的沉积体系研究和岩性圈闭识别研究。研究发现,渤中凹陷西次洼427地区西部陡坡带东营组发育3个4～5级基准面旋回,基准面旋回控制砂体发育,地震相、地震属性和地震反演均表明,基准面上升旋回的下部是砂体发育的有利位置,砂体富集,每期砂体向西尖灭,形成岩性侧向尖灭型岩性圈闭,且每期旋回形成的岩性圈闭叠合性好。该岩性圈闭通过勘探实践获得了巨大成功,对渤海海域其他类似地区的岩性勘探提供了重要的借鉴。     

A basal dinosaur from the dawn of the dinosaur era in southwestern Pangaea

Upper Triassic rocks in northwestern Argentina preserve the most complete record of dinosaurs before their rise to dominance in the Early Jurassic. Here, we describe a previously unidentified basal theropod, reassess its contemporary Eoraptor as a basal sauropodomorph, divide the faunal record of the Ischigualasto Formation with biozones, and bracket the formation with (40)Ar/(39)Ar ages. Some 230 million years ago in the Late Triassic (mid Carnian), the earliest dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial carnivores and small herbivores in southwestern Pangaea. The extinction of nondinosaurian herbivores is sequential and is not linked to an increase in dinosaurian diversity, which weakens the predominant scenario for dinosaurian ascendancy as opportunistic replacement.     

Silurian of central Texas: a first record for the region

Silurian outcrops, not previously recorded from central Texas, have been identified from the Llano uplift, where they occur in collapse structures within the Lower Ordovician Honeycut Formation of the Ellenburger Group. The formation is a pinkish-gray granular limestone, contains fossils of probable Wenlock age, and is named the Starcke Limestone.     

培育刺玫月季新品种的初步研究(Ⅱ)——刺玫月季育种中的染色体观察

本文报道了在刺玫月季育种中使用的6个亲本和4个F_1代杂种的染色体数目和核型。染色体数目及形态,亲本报春刺玫2n=2x=14=14m,单瓣黄刺玫2n=2x=14=14m,黄蔷薇2n=4x=28=28m,‘粉后’2n=4x=28=20m+8sm,‘秋水芙蓉’2n=4x=28=24m+4sm,‘丹凤朝阳’2n=4x=28=28m(2SAT);杂交种8401(报春刺玫ב早霞’)2n=2x=14=12m+2sm,8601(‘粉后’×黄蔷薇)2n=4x=28=28m,8703(‘丹风朝阳’×报春刺玫)2n=4x=28=28m,8706(‘秋水芙蓉’×报春刺玫)2n=3x=21=15m+6sm。核型均为1A型。文中讨论了与刺玫月季育种有关的细胞遗传学问题。     

培育刺玫月季新品种的初步研究(Ⅲ)——部分亲本及杂交种的花粉形态分析

采用扫描电镜,对刺玫月季育种中使用的5个杂交亲本和3个F_1杂种花粉,进行观察和研究。通过对花粉形态的比较研究,讨论花粉败育对刺玫月季育种的影响,及亲本与杂交种在花粉外壁纹饰上的相关性。     

U-Pb ages from the neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, China

U-Pb zircon dates from volcanic ash beds within the Doushantuo Formation (China) indicate that its deposition occurred between 635 and 551 million years ago. The base records termination of the global-scale Marinoan glaciation and is coeval with similar dated rocks from Namibia, indicating synchronous deglaciation. Carbon isotopic and sequence-stratigraphic data imply that the spectacular animal fossils of the Doushantuo Formation are for the most part younger than 580 million years old. The uppermost Doushantuo Formation contains a pronounced negative carbonate carbon isotopic excursion, which we interpret as a global event at circa 551 million years ago.     

The Archean Dongwanzi ophiolite complex, North China craton: 2.505-billion-year-old oceanic crust and mantle

We report a thick, laterally extensive 2505 +/- 2.2-million-year-old (uranium-lead ratio in zircon) Archean ophiolite complex in the North China craton. Basal harzburgite tectonite is overlain by cumulate ultramafic rocks, a mafic-ultramafic transition zone of interlayered gabbro and ultramafic cumulates, compositionally layered olivine-gabbro and pyroxenite, and isotropic gabbro. A sheeted dike complex is rooted in the gabbro and overlain by a mixed dike-pillow lava section, chert, and banded iron formation. The documentation of a complete Archean ophiolite implies that mechanisms of oceanic crustal accretion similar to those of today were in operation by 2.5 billion years ago at divergent plate margins and that the temperature of the early mantle was not extremely elevated, as compared to the present-day temperature. Plate tectonic processes similar to those of the present must also have emplaced the ophiolite in a convergent margin setting.     

Late triassic naticid drillholes: carnivorous gastropods gain a major adaptation but fail to radiate

Infaunal and reclining bivalves of the Late Triassic Cassian Formation of northern Italy contain drillholes that closely resemble those produced by modern naticid gastropods. The oldest drillholes previously reported are from the late Early Cretaceous; this suggests that the drilling adaptation was lost soon after its appearance in the Late Triassic and originated independently in another naticid clade 120 million years later. The perceived selective value of such an adaptation may thus not always be a good predictor of its long-term survival, which is ultimately governed by factors that affect the speciation and extinction rates of the clade that carries it.     

Cycads: evidence from the upper pennsylvanian

The fossil record of true cycads is extended from the Upper Triassic to the upper PennsYlvanian.     

Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur

Long-bone histology indicates that the most common early dinosaur, the prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti from the Upper Triassic of Central Europe, had variable life histories. Although Plateosaurus grew at the fast rates typical for dinosaurs, as indicated by fibrolamellar bone, qualitative (growth stop) and quantitative (growth-mark counts) features of its histology are poorly correlated with body size. Individual life histories of P. engelhardti were influenced by environmental factors, as in modern ectothermic reptiles, but not in mammals, birds, or other dinosaurs.     

South american geochronology: radiometric time scale for middle to late tertiary mammal-bearing horizons in patagonia

Radiometric (potassium-argon) age determinations for basalts and tuffs associated with middle to late Tertiary mammal-bearing horizons in Patagonia, southern Argentina, permit refinement of boundaries and hiatuses between beds of Deseadan (early Oligocene) through Friasian (middle to late Miocene) age. At two localities beds of Deseadan age are overlain by basalts, which gave dates of 33.6 and 35.4 million years ago; 34.0 million years ago is tentatively accepted as a terminal date for known Deseadan. At several localities beds of Colhuehuapian age are underlain by basalts, which gave dates ranging from 28.8 to 24.3 million years ago; 25.0 million years is tentatively taken as a basal age for known Colhuehuapian. The paleontological hiatus between known Deseadan and known Colhuehuapian is thus in the order of 9.0 million years. Two tuffs from the Santa Cruz Formation (Santacrucian) gave ages of 21.7 and 18.5 million years. Plagioclase and biotite concentrates of an ignimbrite from the Collón Curá Formation (Friasian) gave ages ranging from 15.4 to 14.0 million years.     

大马士革玫瑰嫩枝分段扦插繁殖试验

取大马士革玫瑰(Rosa damascene Mill.)同一嫩枝的上部、中上部、中部、中下部和下部5个部位的枝条作插穗,用植物生长调节剂萘乙酸(NAA)50 mg/L+吲哚丁酸(IBA)100 mg/L组合处理后,扦插于珍珠岩与椰糠比例为1∶4的基质中,50 d后调查各分段插穗的成活率和生根情况。结果表明,5个不同部位的分段插穗成活率由上至下呈递减趋势(上部98.22%、中上部95.12%、中部91.10%、中下部72.90%、下部71.12%),次生根生根数、总根长和根鲜重也是由上至下呈下降趋势。     

Predation in the paleozoic: gastropod-like drillholes in devonian brachiopods

Middle Devonian articulate brachiopods (Ludlowville and Moscow Formations, Hamilton Group, New York) have external tapered holes with a central boss that are indistinguishable from drillholes of naticid gastropods that are known from the Triassic and later. Drillholes are specific to prey (ribbed shells were avoided) and specific to sites on prey. Healed drillholes suggest penetration of live prey. As many as 44 percent of the preferred prey are drilled, indicating a level of predation that has been reported only from post-Paleozoic strata.