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烟玉华 《养殖与饲料.饲料世界》2014,(6):20-22
畜禽标准化规模养殖场建设是提升畜禽标准化生产水平的有效途径,是加快畜牧业转变发展方式的关键点,也是促进畜牧业转型升级的迫切要求。畜禽标准化规模养殖是畜牧业现代化发展程度的重要标志,其目的就是动员畜牧兽医部门和广大养殖场(户)以畜禽标准化规模养殖场建设为抓手,加快转变畜牧业发展方式,全面提升畜禽养殖水平。 相似文献
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正近年来,各地畜禽散养户逐步退市,规模养殖场户数量日渐增加。当前的基层畜牧科技服务方式和内容已无法满足现代畜牧业发展需求。主要表现是:一是服务对象定位偏离。部分基层畜牧科技服务工作人员服务对象仍然停留在为畜禽分散养殖户上;同时,少数基层畜牧科技服务工作人员由于自身技术、水平和能力限制,担心因工作失误造成养殖大户(养殖场)蒙受大的经济损失,影响自己的声誉和经济利益,不乐意为养殖大户(养殖场)提供科技服务。二是服务重点定位偏离。部分基层畜牧科技服务工作人员没有把推广畜禽养殖新模式、新技术,引导养殖大户(养殖场)"福利养殖、环保养殖、安全养殖"等作为畜牧科技服务的重点,服务工作的重点仍然停留在为养殖场户提供各种疫病免疫注射等基础性工作上。三是服务方法定位偏离。在基层畜牧科技服务工作中,畜牧科技服务下乡活动通常是讲讲课、发发资料,上午来、下午走,完全属于一种短期服务行为,缺乏服务的针对性、实效性。四是服务绩效存在差距。畜牧科技服务的目的是提升畜牧业生产水平,促进畜禽养殖户增收。但目前实施的畜牧科技服务没能全方位地发挥其服务作用,未能满足养殖场户发展生产的实际需求。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2015,(2)
<正>改革开放以来,我国畜牧养殖业发生了翻天覆地的变化,畜牧业产值在大农业领域中的比重不断提高。近几年来,我国畜牧养殖业出现了又一个明显的趋势,即小型散养户快速退出,规模养殖场在养殖业中所占的比重快速上升,一些其他行业及资本市场开始关注畜牧养殖业,一些大的养殖集团也快速扩张。在未来的几年内甚至相当长一段时间,规模养殖场在畜牧养殖中所占的比重仍将呈上升趋势。规模养殖场的快速发展对我国畜牧养殖业养殖结构的调 相似文献
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正当前肥城市畜牧养殖专业合作社发展状况良好,促进了小型养殖场户的发展,提高了小型养殖场户抗风险的能力,增加了农民收入,有效地壮大了集体经济,但在发展中也出现了一些问题,成为发展瓶颈,加强管理与指导,走集约化道路成为新的发展方向。近几年来,肥城市先后涌现出一些在自愿互利原则基础上建立起来的畜牧养殖专业合作组织,成为促进本市畜牧业经济产业化经营的新型载体。这些合作组织的成立,有效地解决了农民养殖规模小、无技术、抗风险 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献