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针对我国原奶有害物质残留及乳品质量安全的实际情况,借鉴国外乳品生产质量管理的成功经验,在此探讨有效控制原奶有害物质残留的几点对策。1减少原奶抗生素的残留饲养健康的牛群是减少抗生素使用的首要条件,从而减少抗生素在原奶中的残留。构建健康牛群包括选购优良奶牛、定期普查疫病、及时淘汰病牛、实施规定免疫、规范用药治疗5个环节。 相似文献
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建筑工程施工质量对工程的总评价起到决定性的作用,是完成整个工程建设的质量标准和施工目标,为了更好的控制质量能够满足各项要求,就必须做好每一道施工工序或检验批的质量控制,已达到建筑施工整体结构的质量验收合格。通过对建筑工程施工工序质量控制的论述,了解建筑工程施工工序的质量控制要点,并提出质量控制措施,为建筑施工质量满足设计和规范要求提高质量的保证。 相似文献
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在建筑工程施工的建设中,建筑工程施工工序就是生产和检验、材料、零部件、各分部、分项工程的具体阶段.建筑工程施工工序质量控制,是企业中最经常、最大量的质量管理活动,是企业实现质量目标的基本保证文章就新形势下建筑工程施工工序的质量控制进行了探讨. 相似文献
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第一章 总 则第一条 根据《兽药管理条例》规定,制定本规范。第二条 本规范是兽药生产和质量管理的基本准则,适用于兽药制剂生产的全过程、原料药生产中影响成品质量的关键工序。第二章 机构与人员第三条 兽药生产企业应建立生产和质量管理机构,各类机构和人员职责应明 相似文献
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<正>相关资料显示,我国近年乳制品出口率有所降低,而进口率显著提升。对此,我国开始高度重视原奶及乳制品的质量安全控制。1我国原奶及乳制品现状受人为和地理因素的影响,我国原奶生产相较于发达国家,还存在一定差距。我国原奶生产者涵盖范围较广,除了规模化饲养场、专业户外,还包括一些兼业农户,而其中规模化养殖为推动我国奶业发展发挥了积极作用。过去,我国原奶和乳制品发展基本上同步于经济生产总值,但我国奶业生产尚处于发展初始阶段,在质量、数量、生产技术等方面仍存在一定的不足,生产还原奶对进口、国产脱脂奶粉存在较大依赖性。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献