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菌糠饲料在奶牛生产中的应用效果 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
据报道 ,我国近年来食用菌 (鲜品 )年生产量达 40 0万t,居世界首位。按此折算 ,我国年产菌糠约 30 0万t,这是一项潜在的饲料资源。菌糠作饲料在养猪、养兔、养禽等方面的应用已有报道 ,而在奶牛生产中的应用报道尚不多见。我们进行了这方面的试验 ,旨在为扩大菌糠饲料在养殖业中的应用范围提供科学依据。1 材料与方法1 1 菌糠的收集与处理 试验选用收菇后的平菇袋料 (主要成分为棉籽壳 ) ,选择菌丝分布均匀、洁白的中间部分 ,弃去两端被杂菌污染的霉变部分。将袋料搓碎、晒干备用。1 2 试验分组 试验于 1 999年 6月进行。选择胎次… 相似文献
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平菇菌糠在奶牛养殖中的应用试验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,特别是沿黄奶牛养殖带的确立,奶牛养殖以成倍的速度增长,饲料问题已成为农区奶牛养殖户急需解决的问题。在以前肉羊育肥应用试验的基础上,为了探索菌糠废料在奶牛生产上的应用,特进行了本试验。1材料与方法粉碎的玉米芯和玉米秸秆50 kg、棉籽壳50 kg、麸皮5kg、玉米面3 kg、尿素0·5 kg,加水130~150 kg润料,后进行发酵,发酵结束后,进行装袋接种栽培,收3~4茬菇后,进行挑选。挑选菌丝白,无污染的菌袋,经清理粉碎后作菌糠饲料。但要注意在栽培过程中,不得使用高毒性、高残留的农药,以免危害人畜安全。选择胎龄接近、… 相似文献
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<正>菌糠是指栽培各种菌类以后剩下的废料。这些废料均含有大量菌丝体、蛋白质及其它营养物质,被称为菌糠蛋白,经适当加工处理,可以作为饲料或添加剂,替代一部分饲料用粮及其它营养元素,用于猪、 相似文献
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菌糠在饲料中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用秸秆等培养食用菌,食用菌能在生长繁殖过程中,产生大量的胞内酶和胞外酶,分解秸秆培养料中的纤维素、半纤维素,使培养料(秸秆等)的内部结构发生质变,纤维素含量大大降低,可溶性碳水化合物和蛋白质含量显著增加,营养成分大幅度提高。据报道,这种用于培养食用菌后所得的菌糠,粗蛋白较接种前提高了31.0%─642.2%,粗纤维降低了52.3%─124.2%。1棉籽壳菌糠营养成分据浙江省饲料公司研究室测定,棉籽壳菌糠含粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、钙、磷分别为(%):6.42、29.21、0.96、43.89、17.2、0.28,总能为14.83兆焦/… 相似文献
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菌糠在兔饲料中的应用效果研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究分冬季(全喂饲合饲料)和夏季(增喂一定量的青草)两次试验,每次试验选用比利时兔和日本大耳白兔各36只,将菌糠以10%和20%的比例添加于饲料中,探讨了菌糠对兔的增重、产肉性能等的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加10%的菌糠,在增重、料肉比、屠宰率和经济效益等方面与对照组无显著差异,添加20%的菌糠有不良影响。同时还表明,比利时兔比大耳白兔能更好地利用菌糠,在冬季全喂配合饲料时能获得较好的饲养效果。 相似文献
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付国伟 《养殖与饲料.饲料世界》2010,(4):56-59
菌糠是指以棉籽壳、锯木屑、稻草、玉米芯、甘蔗渣及多种农作物秸秆、工业废物(如酒糟、醋糟、造纸厂废液及制药厂黄浆液等)为主要原料栽培食用菌后的废弃培养基。我国作为世界上最大的食用菌生产国和出口国,每年有大量的菌糠产生而得不到合理的利用,菌糠的废弃不但污染了环境,同时也造成了资源的浪费。 相似文献
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凹凸棒石黏土是一种结构性质独特的硅酸盐黏土矿物质,具有优异的吸附、脱色、热稳定性、离子交换和抗盐性等性能,可用作粘结剂或载体运用于饲料工业中,同时也可作为营养物质增强剂应用于养殖业中,促进动物对日粮养分的吸收。文中介绍凹土的结构及特性,综述凹土作为添加剂在乳牛生产中的应用。 相似文献
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Antoine Leduc Sylvain Souchet Marine Gel Fabienne Le Provost Marion Boutinaud 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)
In the dairy cow, negative energy balance affects milk yield and composition as well as animal health. Studying the effects of negative energy balance on dairy cow milk production is thus essential. Feed restriction (FR) experiments attempting to reproduce negative energy balance by reducing the quantity or quality of the diet were conducted in order to better describe the animal physiology changes. The study of FR is also of interest since with climate change issues, cows may be increasingly faced with periods of drought leading to a shortage of forages. The aim of this article is to review the effects of FR during lactation in dairy cows to obtain a better understanding of metabolism changes and how it affects mammary gland activity and milk production and composition. A total of 41 papers studying FR in lactating cows were used to investigate physiological changes induced by these protocols. FR protocols affect the entire animal metabolism as indicated by changes in blood metabolites such as a decrease in glucose concentration and an increase in non-esterified fatty acid or β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations; hormonal regulations such as a decrease in insulin and insulin-like growth factor I or an increase in growth hormone concentrations. These variations indicated a mobilization of body reserve in most studies. FR also affects mammary gland activity through changes in gene expression and could affect mammary cell turnover through cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and exfoliation of mammary epithelial cells into milk. Because of modifications of the mammary gland and general metabolism, FR decreases milk production and can affect milk composition with decreased lactose and protein concentrations and increased fat concentration. These effects, however, can vary widely depending on the type of restriction, its duration and intensity, or the stage of lactation in which it takes place. Finally, to avoid yield loss and metabolic disorders, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers to monitor energy balance. 相似文献
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纤维是奶牛的一种必需营养素,它在奶牛的泌乳、繁殖等生理活动中都起到了非常重要的作用。搞清楚纤维在奶牛生产中的作用原理、生产中的添加量以及怎样高效率的利用纤维等问题将对提高奶牛单产、提高经济效益有重要意义,此文就这些问题作了综述,供奶牛养殖者参考。 相似文献
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The basic feeds hay, grass silage and corn silage out of 70 dairy farms were investigated for the correct evaluation of their concentration of raw protein (RP) and gross energy (NEL) lactation. Three different kinds of rations were grouped: type A (estimated feed mass, table data contents), type B (weighed feed mass, table data contents), type C (weighed feed mass, analysed contents). Concerning gross energy lactation significant differences between C and A and C and B could be detected. Calculations of the expected milk yield (Milk Yield Potential, MYP) out of gross energy lactation and of raw protein were carried through and compared, using each, analysis data and table standards. MYP out of raw protein in basic feeds significantly exceeds the possible milk yield out of gross energy concentration, referring to table standards and analysis data as well. Raw protein-MYP of analysed data was significantly higher than of table standards, whereas gross energy MYP calculated with analysed data did not agree with table standards. 相似文献
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中草药饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶量及乳房炎防治的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过在奶牛日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂,研究饲喂后对产奶量及乳房炎防治的影响.结果表明,试验组比对照组产奶量提高了5.96%~8.02%,乳房炎的发生率降低0.5%~0.7%,治愈疗程缩短了1~1.5 天. 相似文献
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我国奶牛饲料业的现状及发展对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
奶业是大有希望的产业进入新世纪,我国奶业步入快速发展阶段。2000年以来,我国奶类产量年均增长率都在两位数以上,截至2004年,全国奶类产量2368.4万吨,奶牛存栏1108万头,5年间,乳品业成为食品工业中成长最快的产业,奶牛业占畜牧业的比重迅速增加,人均奶的占有量也由1999年的7千 相似文献
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