热带地区瘦肉型育肥猪能量和蛋白质需要量的冷季试验

本试验采用两因素三水平的正交设计选用体重约70 kg的三元杂交［杜×（大×长）］猪288头，按性别和体重随机分为9组，分别饲喂能量和蛋白质水平不同的9种日粮，研究日粮能量和蛋白质水平对生长猪生产性能的影响。结果表明：在热带地区的海南省冷季节气候条件下（平均温度为19.7℃,平均相对湿度为75.4%）,育肥猪日粮DE 3400 kcal/kg、CP 14%时，平均日增重和料肉比分别达到811.49 g/d和2.98，其综合经济效果最佳。     

热带地区瘦肉型育肥猪能量和蛋白质需要量的热季试验

本试验采用两因素三水平的正交设计选用体重约65 kg的三元杂交［杜×(大×长)］猪288头,按性别和体重随机分为9组,分别饲喂能量和蛋白质水平不同的9种日粮,研究日粮能量和蛋白质水平对育肥猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:在热带地区的海南省热季节气候条件下(平均温度为27.5℃,平均相对湿度为73.2%),育肥猪日粮DE 3250 kcal/kg、CP 13%时，平均日增重和料肉比分别达到647.38 g/d和3.50，其综合经济效益最佳。     

热带瘦肉型猪(25～50 kg阶段)能量和蛋白质需要量冷季试验

本试验选用体重约25kg的三元杂交(杜×大×长)猪288头,按性别和体重随机分为9组,分别饲喂能量和蛋白质水平不同的9种日粮,研究日粮能量和蛋白质水平对生长猪生产性能的影响。结果表明,在海南省冷季节气候条件下(平均温度为19.5℃,平均相对湿度为76.4%),25～50kg阶段生长猪日粮CP为17%,DE为14.212MJ/kg时平均日增重和料肉比最佳,分别达到826.97g和2.12。     

热带瘦肉型猪(50～75 kg阶段)能量和蛋白质需要量冷季试验

试验选用体重约55kg的三元[杜×(大×长)]杂交猪288头,按性别和体重随机分为9组,分别饲喂能量和蛋白质水平不同的9种日粮,研究日粮能量和蛋白质水平对生长猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:在海南省冷季节气候条件下(平均温度为20.1℃,平均相对湿度为79.7%),50～75kg阶段生长猪日粮CP为16.5%、DE为14.21MJ/kg时经济效益最好,日增重和料肉比分别达到858.59g和2.72。     

母猪的能量和蛋白质需要量

种猪是养猪生产链中的“龙头”,国内有关母猪营养的系统研究报道较少,本刊特约刊出国外新近发表的有关资料,供读者参考。)     

泌乳期母猪蛋白质和能量需要量

泌乳期母猪的正确饲喂,不仅对于哺乳仔猪的营养来说十分重要,而且对于母猪本身今后的繁殖性能来说也十分重要。母猪在泌乳期间,其卵巢就在准备释放将来会发育成为下一窝仔猪的卵细胞。随着泌乳天数的增加,母猪体内卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）和黄体生成素（ＬＨ）的分泌量逐...     

育肥期华西牛蛋白质与能量需要量研究

本试验旨在探究育肥期华西牛蛋白质和能量需要量,为华西牛高效饲养提供理论依据。试验选用75头12月龄体况接近的华西牛公牛为研究对象,随机分为3组(每组25头),分别为自由采食组(自由采食)、75%限饲组(饲喂量为自由采食量的75%)和50%限饲组(饲喂量为自由采食量的50%),进行为期52 d的饲养试验,试验期间自由饮水。试验开始前和结束后称量每头牛的体重,并计算平均日增重(ADG)。饲养试验结束后,每组随机选10头牛进行为期5 d的消化代谢试验,采集粪、尿和饲粮样,根据粪、尿和饲粮样中能量值和粗蛋白质含量计算能量代谢指标(食入总能、消化能、代谢能、甲烷能)和蛋白质代谢指标(粗蛋白质采食量、可消化蛋白质、沉积蛋白质),并根据析因式原理,建立能量和蛋白质需要量的回归方程。结果显示：自由采食组平均日增重达1.59 kg/d,远高于75%限饲组的0.61 kg/d和50%限饲组的-0.47 kg/d。育肥期华西牛粗蛋白质、可消化粗蛋白质、消化能、代谢能需要量的回归模型为：CP=7.10 W^0.75+270.80 ADG; DCP=4.36W^0.75+...     

长×荣生长育肥猪能量需要量研究

选用72头20kg左右的长×荣仔猪,分20～50、50～80、80～100kg阶段配制日粮,总氨基酸水平按长×荣生长育肥猪营养需要供给(3个阶段分别为0.70%、0.64%和0.47%),每阶段分11.76MJ/kg、13.06MJ/kg和14.35MJ/kg3个能量水平,试验从20kg开始,100kg结束。通过饲养试验和屠宰试验,测定了20～50、50～80、80～100kg各阶段生产性能和100kg体重时的无脂瘦肉重。试验结果表明,以生产性能和最大无脂瘦肉沉积量为标准长×荣生长育肥猪的能量需要量:20～100kg消化能均为13.06MJ/kg。     

黄羽肉鸡养殖中对能量和蛋白质的需要量

家禽养殖产业中,肉鸡养殖占有绝大比例,其中黄羽肉鸡的养殖在我国肉鸡养殖产业中具有非常重要的地位.黄羽肉鸡养殖中营养物质的充足供给对于肉鸡生产性能发挥具有非常关键的作用,而现阶段对于黄羽肉鸡养殖中能量和蛋白质的需要量还不够清晰,养殖中通常参考白羽肉鸡养殖的营养物质需要量,导致饲料原料的浪费,影响黄羽肉鸡养殖的经济效益.本...     

肉仔鹅能量、蛋白质和氨基酸需要量研究进展

BjO咬rnhag(1979)对 45 种禽类生长速度的比较研究发现,鹅的生长速度比其他所有禽类平均快 1.7 倍。鹅肉也以 22.3% 的蛋白含量高于其他畜禽肉中的蛋 白含量 (鸭肉为 21.4% ,鸡肉为20.6% ,牛肉为 18.7% ,猪肉为 14.8% ),并含有人体所需的必需脂肪酸,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸,以及其可开发高附加值的羽绒等产品和带动相关产业发展的优势而日益受到人们的关注。然而其营养需要研究明显滞后于鸡、鸭等其他禽类。杨诗兴等(1980)提出在诸多营养素中,能量和蛋白质是两个最重要而又必须首先确定的指标。现将肉仔鹅能量蛋白质和氨基酸需要量…     

生物活性肽如何改善肥育猪的瘦肉率和饲料转化率

随着原料价格的不断上涨,饲料成本将增加,这将成为养猪生产可持续发展所面临的一个极具挑战性的因素.饲料成本平均占猪场生产总成本的60％.另一个需要处理的难题是饲料成本对全球饲料原料价格的敏感性很高.如今,在高饲料价格的驱动下,饲料生产者和养猪生产者都在不断寻求新的方法,以降低养猪生产的主要成本—饲料成本.     

Studies on the performance-related lysine requirement in fattening pigs. 1. Influence of energy and aminoacid intake on fattening

A total of 110 barrows fed varying levels of energy and amino acids in 8 treatments, were tested. The weight gains per fattening day and energy expenditure were found to be mainly determined by energy intake. Up to a liveweight of 100 kg both low and high levels of amino acid supply produced the same fattening performance results as amino acid supply to standard. In the 100-120 kg liveweight range, the animals fed higher levels of protein proved slightly superior. As to energy expenditure, animals subjected to restricted feeding up to 70 kg liveweight and fed full rations later, consumed 2.22 kEFs (2.22 kilo energetic feed equivalents/swine) per kg gain and proved significantly superior to those animals that were very intensively fed at the beginning and put to restricted feeding beyond 70 kg liveweight (2.53 kEFs per kg gain) as well as to those receiving high levels of energy all the time (2.39 kEFs/kg gain). In the latter case, 23 g of lysine were required per kg gain.     

Further investigations on protein requirement of genetically lean and fat chickens

1. Genetically lean (LL) or fat (FL) chickens were fed from 28 to 42 d of age on one of 6 diets with different protein contents (from 73 to 208 g/kg). In order to keep a constant amino acid balance the experimental diets were made by diluting a well-balanced protein-rich diet with a protein-free diet. 2. Dietary protein influenced the growth rate of both genotypes similarly. However, maximum weight gain was reached in LL at a lower protein intake than in FL. 3. Regression between total protein gain (body protein + feather protein) or body protein gain and protein intake exhibited significantly different slopes, that of LL being superior to that of FL. 4. At a given protein intake, feather protein gain was also superior in LL to FL. Moreover feather protein, as a percentage of total protein gain, was superior in LL to FL. When the dietary protein fell below 126 g/kg, feather protein represented a higher proportion of total protein gain. 5. Multiple linear regressions of protein intake (as the dependent variable), and body weight and protein gain or weight gain (as the independent variables) suggest that the maintenance requirement for protein is similar in both lines but that the protein efficiency for growth is significantly superior in LL. 6. In a second experiment both genotypes were offered either a single high protein diet (232 g/kg) or a single medium protein diet (186 g/kg) or had free-choice between a high (269 g/kg) and a low protein (145 g/kg) diet. In free-choice feeding, FL chickens selected an overall dietary protein content which was significantly lower (179 v. 200 g/kg) to that of LL. In both genotypes, free-choice feeding led to fatter and less efficient chickens than predicted by the linear regression between adiposity or food conversion and protein content.     

鲁禽优质肉鸡能量和蛋白质需要的研究

为了研究鲁禽优质肉鸡的最佳营养需要,选用1日龄健康雏鸡1080羽(公母各半),按营养水平随机分成9个处理组,每组公母鸡各3个重复共120羽。试验分为一期(0~5周龄)、二期(6~10周龄)和三期(11~13周),对不同营养水平下日增重与料肉比进行差异性分析,结果各期最佳营养水平为:一期公鸡能量12.14 MJ/kg,粗蛋白21%;母鸡能量11.72 MJ/kg,粗蛋白21%;二期公鸡能量12.55 MJ/kg,粗蛋白19%,母鸡能量11.72 MJ/kg,粗蛋白17.5%;三期公鸡能量13.40 MJ/kg,粗蛋白17%,母鸡能量12.55 MJ/kg,粗蛋白17%。     

Purulent osteomyelitis in fattening pigs

Purulent osteomyelitis caused by Arcanobacterium pyogenes was diagnosed in three pigs aged between 3 and 4 months by radiological and pathological findings. Osteomyelitis was localized in metaphysis and/or epiphysis of limb bones. The prevalence of osteomyelitis in swine seems to be underestimated because inspection of limb bones is not a routine procedure either at slaughter or at necropsy. Osteomyelitis may also have consequences for meat cutting. Osteomyelitis can be controlled by prophylactic procedures.     

Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 2. Energy and nitrogen metabolism of fattening hybrids in the fattening range of 30 to 120 kg

In 3 experiments a total of 242 total metabolism experiments with ad libitum feeding (experiment 1), 75% (experiment 2) and 62% (experiment 3) of the energy level of the 1st experiment and approximately equal protein and amino acid doses in experiments 1-3 were carried out with 8 castrated male fattening hybrids each (large white X land race pig) X line 150) in the live weight range between 30 and 120 kg. On average, feed intake over the whole live weight range was 2.24; 1.79 and 1.50 kg/animal and day, the corresponding daily live weight gain was 729, 533 and 396 g. With regard to the digestibility of the energy and the nutrients and the metabolisable energy in % of the gross energy there was no relation to the development of the animals. The intake of metabolisable energy per kg live weight decreased with ad libitum feeding and with the advancing development at the end of the experiment in contrast to the beginning of the experiment to 53%, energy retention to 56%. The utilisation of metabolisable energy for body energy retention, taking account of a maintenance requirement of 450 kJ/kg live weight 0,62 on the average of the 3 experiments was 68.4 +/- 1.9, 70.3 +/- 2.0 and 64.3 +/- 2.6%. Energy retention in experiments 1 to 3 amounted to 8.6, 6.8 and 5.3 MJ at the beginning and to 18.1, 12.2 and 8.0 MJ per animal and day at the end of the experiment. Protein energy retention of the pigs (live weight 40 kg) was 26% of the total energy retention in experiments 1 and 2 and 49% in experiment 3. In experiments 1 and 3 protein retention decreased to 15% of the total energy retention, in experiment 2 protein retention remained constantly at 22% between 60 and 110 kg live weight and then decreased to 18%. Consequently, the N-balances were 23-16 g, 16-20 g and 16-9 g/animal and day. The chemical composition of the carcasses was strongly influenced by the level of nutrition. At the beginning of the experiment the protein content averaged between 49 and 57% and the total fat content between 31 and 38% of the dry matter. At the end of the experiment the carcasses of the animals from experiments 1-3 had crude protein contents of 28, 33 and 42% and total fat contents of 66, 61 and 50% of the dry matter.     

育肥猪饲养模式

育肥猪是猪场生产链的最后一道生产环节,是最大的一个产出环节,也是成本消耗最大的一个环节。这是整个中国养猪产业中最需要提供生产效率的环节,但似乎也是到目前为止养猪生产中发展最慢的环节。     

Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 3. The energy requirement of hybrid swine

The energy requirement for hybrid pigs ((large white X land race pig) X line 150) in the live weight range between 35 and 120 kg is derived from 242 measurings of the total metabolism as the sum of energy requirement for maintenance and energy requirement for live weight gain. Energy requirement is estimated by means of the following equation: (Formula: see text). Energy maintenance requirement, energy content per 1 kg live weightgain in dependence of the daily gain and the derived energy requirement for growth and fattening are compared with corresponding results from investigations with pigs of the species large white and land race pig. Essential differences concerning parameters of energy metabolism determining the requirement could not be detected.