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1.
Keiko Tanaka 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):567-580
Using the case of food safety governance reform in Japan between 2001 and 2003, this paper examines the relationship between
science and trust. The paper explains how the discovery of the first BSE positive cow and consequent food safety scandals
in 2001 politicized the role of science in protecting the safety of the food supply. The analysis of the Parliamentary debate
focuses on the contestation among legislators and other participants over three dimensions of risk science, including “knowledge,”
“objects,” and “beneficiaries.” The metaphor of “seven samurai” and the relationally situated roles of “samurai,” “bandits,”
and “beneficiaries” are used to show that in the process of policy making certain moral and ethical expectations on a new
expert institution for food safety were contested and negotiated to frame responsibilities and commitments of social actors for creating the food
system based on trust.
相似文献
Keiko TanakaEmail: |
2.
Diana Stuart 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):177-181
I explore the role of nature in the agrifood system and how attempts to fit food production into a large-scale manufacturing
model has lead to widespread outbreaks of food borne illness. I illustrate how industrial processing of leafy greens is related
to the outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 associated with spinach in the fall of 2006. I also use this example to show how industry attempts to create the
illusion of control while failing to address weaknesses in current processing systems. The leafy greens industry has focused
efforts on sterilizing the growing environment and adopting new technologies, while neglecting to change the concentrated
structure of processing systems. Repeated breakdowns in these systems illustrate a widening fault line between attempted and
failed control of nature in industrial food production.
相似文献
Diana StuartEmail: |
3.
Matthew J. Mariola 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):193-196
Local food has become the rising star of the sustainable agriculture movement, in part because of the energy efficiencies
thought to be gained when food travels shorter distances. In this essay I critique four key assumptions that underlie this
connection between local foods and energy. I then describe two competing conclusions implied by the critique. On the one hand,
local food systems may need a more extensive and integrated transportation infrastructure to achieve sustainability. On the
other hand, the production, transportation, and consumption of local foods are fundamentally as reliant on fossil fuels as
are long distance foods. A more holistic approach to energy use in the food system is needed to determine which particular
sociotechnical factors optimize energetic sustainability.
相似文献
Matthew J. MariolaEmail: |
4.
Jill Harrison 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):163-167
I use the case of pesticide drift to discuss the neoliberal shift in agrifood activism and its implications for public health
and social justice. I argue that the benefits of this shift have been achieved at the cost of privileging certain bodies and
spaces over others and absolving the state of its responsibility to ensure the conditions of social justice. I use this critical
intervention as a means of introducing several opportunities for strengthening agrifood research and advocacy. First, I call
for increased critical attention to production agriculture and the regulatory arena. Second, I call for increased attention
to ‘social justice’ within the food system, emphasizing the need to rekindle research on the immigrant farm labor force.
Jill Harrison has a PhD in Environmental Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She is Assistant Professor of Rural Sociology and faculty affiliate of the Program on Agricultural Technology Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on environmental justice, immigration politics, and agrifood studies. 相似文献
Jill HarrisonEmail: |
Jill Harrison has a PhD in Environmental Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She is Assistant Professor of Rural Sociology and faculty affiliate of the Program on Agricultural Technology Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on environmental justice, immigration politics, and agrifood studies. 相似文献
5.
Stewart Lockie 《Agriculture and Human Values》2009,26(3):193-201
With “consumer demand” credited with driving major changes in the food industry related to food quality, safety, environmental,
and social concerns, the contemporary politics of food has become characterized by a variety of attempts to redefine food
consumption as an expression of citizenship that speaks of collective rights and responsibilities. Neoliberal political orthodoxy
constructs such citizenship in terms of the ability of individuals to monitor and regulate their own behavior as entrepreneurs
and as consumers. By contrast, many proponents of alternative food networks promote the idea that food citizenship is expressed
through participation in social arrangements based on solidarity and coordinated action rather than on contractual and commoditized
relationships between so-called “producers” and “consumers.” This paper thus focuses its analysis on the strategies used to
mobilize people as consumers of particular products and the ways, in turn, in which people use their consumption choices as
expressions of social agency or citizenship. In particular, the paper examines how the marketing, pricing, and distribution
of foods interact with food standards to enable and constrain specific expressions of food citizenship. It is argued that
narrow and stereotypical constructions of the “ethical consumer” help to limit the access of particular people and environmental
values, such as biodiversity, to the ethical marketplace.
Stewart Lockie is Associate Professor of Rural and Environmental Sociology at Central Queensland University. He is co-author of Going organic: Mobilizing networks for environmentally responsible food production (CAB International, 2006). 相似文献
Stewart LockieEmail: |
Stewart Lockie is Associate Professor of Rural and Environmental Sociology at Central Queensland University. He is co-author of Going organic: Mobilizing networks for environmentally responsible food production (CAB International, 2006). 相似文献
6.
7.
This paper focuses on examining the dynamic nature of community supported agriculture (CSA) and the real-world experiences
which mark its contours, often making it distinct from the early idealized CSA “model.” Specifically, our study examines the
narratives of the farmers of Devon Acres CSA over its duration, in tandem with a survey of recent shareholders in order to
understand and explain its evolution. The framework we develop here shows that this CSA is largely characterized by instrumental and functional beliefs and practices, with some elements in the collaborative mode. A key contribution of this research is the development of a framework which helps to highlight the relative fluidity
and patchwork quality of CSA participant positions over time. At Devon Acres, the real-world factors and issues influencing
CSA evolution are seen to be products of both the local and larger contexts, evident in such areas as shifts in farmer learning
and adaptation, differences between beliefs and practices in member volunteer efforts, and changes in farm and resource conditions.
With respect to CSA more broadly, we argue that the reality of dominant food system context and site-specific influences on
CSA development compels us to rework our attachment to early idealized “model” traits. Expansion in CSA numbers, evidence
of adaptation and situated learning, and retention of the local and organic as core traits, speak to the pragmatic yet transformative potential of CSA contribution to food system change.
Robert Feagan PhD, is a faculty member in the interdisciplinary Contemporary Studies Program at the Brantford Campus of Wilfrid Laurier University in Ontario, Canada. His research and teaching interests are in local and regional food systems—farmers’ markets, CSAs, etc., in university–community partnerships, in community development, and in the green-burial movement. Ideas and objectives of “sustainability” underlie his many research directions. Amanda Henderson earned a Masters Degree from the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University in Toronto. She lives and works on a communal eco-farm in rural Ontario, Canada. 相似文献
Robert FeaganEmail: |
Robert Feagan PhD, is a faculty member in the interdisciplinary Contemporary Studies Program at the Brantford Campus of Wilfrid Laurier University in Ontario, Canada. His research and teaching interests are in local and regional food systems—farmers’ markets, CSAs, etc., in university–community partnerships, in community development, and in the green-burial movement. Ideas and objectives of “sustainability” underlie his many research directions. Amanda Henderson earned a Masters Degree from the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University in Toronto. She lives and works on a communal eco-farm in rural Ontario, Canada. 相似文献
8.
Dustin R. Mulvaney 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):173-176
This paper describes a role for rural sociology in linking agrifood system vulnerabilities to opportunities for encouraging
sustainability and social justice. I argue that the California rice industry is particularly vulnerable for two reasons. First,
a quarter of rice growers’ revenues derive from production-based subsidies that have been recently deemed illegal by the World
Trade Organization. Second, about half of California’s rice sales depend on volatile export markets, which are susceptible
to periodic market access disruptions. Such vulnerabilities present political opportunities to reconfigure the connection
between production and consumption. By exploring how production subsidies could be transformed into multifunctionality payments,
and investigating new regional markets, rural sociology can contribute to discussions about how to encourage a more sustainable
and socially just California rice industry. My discussion aims to prompt rural sociologists to explore similar questions in
comparable agrifood systems.
Dustin R. Mulvaney has a Ph.D. from the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He continues to work there as a post-doctoral researcher and College Eight “Environment and Society” Fellow. His research focuses on the politics of genetic engineering governance, sustainable aquaculture certification, and the social implications of consumption-production linkages. 相似文献
Dustin R. MulvaneyEmail: |
Dustin R. Mulvaney has a Ph.D. from the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He continues to work there as a post-doctoral researcher and College Eight “Environment and Society” Fellow. His research focuses on the politics of genetic engineering governance, sustainable aquaculture certification, and the social implications of consumption-production linkages. 相似文献
9.
Peter Auma Nyamanga Collette Suda Jens Aagaard-Hansen 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):513-527
This article discusses ethnoveterinary medical pluralism in Western Kenya. Qualitative methods of data collection such as
key informant interviews, open-ended in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), narratives, and participant and
direct observations were applied. The study shows that farmers in Nyang’oma seek both curative and preventive medical services
for their animals from the broad range of health care providers available to them within a pluralistic medical system. Kleinman’s
model of medical pluralism, which describes the professional, folk, and popular sectors, informs this discussion because of
its relevance and appropriateness to the study. It is, however, important to note the overlap in the three sectors and to
point out that livestock farmers engage in multiple “consultations” based on a combination of their own characteristics and
the cost, availability and specialization of health care providers. The study concludes by recognizing the complexity of ethnoveterinary
medical pluralism and calls for the integration of a pluralistic perspective into the planning and implementation of animal
health care interventions and services.
相似文献
Peter Auma NyamangaEmail: |
10.
Veronica Vazquez-Garcia 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(1):65-77
Uncultivated plants are an important part of agricultural systems and play a key role in the survival of rural marginalized
groups such as women, children, and the poor. Drawing on the gender, environment, and development literature and on the notion
of women’s social location, this paper examines the ways in which gender, ethnicity, and economic status determine women’s
roles in uncultivated plant management in Ixhuapan and Ocozotepec, two indigenous communities of Veracruz, Mexico. The first
is inhabited by Nahua and the second by Popoluca peoples. Information was gathered through group and individual interviews
and a food frequency survey. Results show that the gender ideology prevailing in each community, resulting from distinct ethnic
affiliations and economic contexts, shapes women’s plant management. In Ixhuapan, Nahua women are used to leaving their community
to generate income, while in Ocozotepec men are considered the main breadwinners and are the mediators between Popoluca households
and the larger society. Nahua women gather quelites at the cornfields more often than their men, and more often than their female counterparts in Ocozotepec. They also manage
and sell plants from their homegardens at higher percentages than Popoluca women. However, women in both communities use intensely
the plants of their homegardens and play a key role in biodiversity conservation and cultural permanence.
相似文献
Veronica Vazquez-GarciaEmail: |
11.
Anthony Winson 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):499-511
To understand the phenomenon of the rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obese children and youth, it is especially
important to examine the school food environment, the role of structural factors in shaping this environment, and the resulting
nutrition and health outcomes. The paper examines research on school food environments in the US and Canada. It notes evidence
of widespread availability of poor nutrition products in both environments and delineates reasons for the situation, and examines
initiatives presently being undertaken in a number of jurisdictions in both countries to encourage healthy eating in schools.
Empirical data are presented from a pilot study of high schools in the Canadian province of Ontario. The study documents the
extent of student purchasing of nutrient-poor foods and beverages, and the structural factors internal and external to the
school that appear responsible for the availability of such products in food environments in this critical institutional sphere.
The paper also examines positive local initiatives in high schools that seek to encourage healthy eating in schools.
Anthony Winson PhD is a professor in the department of sociology and anthropology at the University of Guelph. He has written on agriculture, food and rural development, and restructuring issues related to Canada and the Third World for more than 20 years. Among his books are The Intimate Commodity: Food and the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Canada (Garamond 1993) and, more recently, Contingent Work, Disrupted Lives (University of Toronto 2002, with Belinda Leach) which examines economic restructuring, the changing world of work, and the factors underlying sustainability in small manufacturing-dependent rural communities in several regions of Ontario. This book won the John Porter Book Prize of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association for 2003. Dr. Winson’s current work is focused on the analysis of factors shaping the contemporary Canadian food environment and their role in producing what has been termed the “epidemic of obesity.” Particular attention is being paid to supermarkets and schools as part of broader-ranging research on the political economic context of the food environment. 相似文献
Anthony WinsonEmail: |
Anthony Winson PhD is a professor in the department of sociology and anthropology at the University of Guelph. He has written on agriculture, food and rural development, and restructuring issues related to Canada and the Third World for more than 20 years. Among his books are The Intimate Commodity: Food and the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Canada (Garamond 1993) and, more recently, Contingent Work, Disrupted Lives (University of Toronto 2002, with Belinda Leach) which examines economic restructuring, the changing world of work, and the factors underlying sustainability in small manufacturing-dependent rural communities in several regions of Ontario. This book won the John Porter Book Prize of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association for 2003. Dr. Winson’s current work is focused on the analysis of factors shaping the contemporary Canadian food environment and their role in producing what has been termed the “epidemic of obesity.” Particular attention is being paid to supermarkets and schools as part of broader-ranging research on the political economic context of the food environment. 相似文献
12.
William H. Friedland 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):197-201
The reaction to conventional agriculture and food systems has generated a host of alternative social movements in the past
several decades. Many progressive agrifood researchers have researched these movements, exploring their strengths, weaknesses,
and failures. Most such research is abstracted from the movements themselves. This paper proposes a new way of self-organization
that, while fulfilling traditional university demands on researchers, will provide research support for progressive agrifood
movements by transcending the boundaries of disciplines and individual universities.
William H. Friedland is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz where his research continues on commodity systems, wine and grapes, the globalization of agriculture and food, and exploring ways to strengthen alternative social movements to subvert the dominant paradigm. 相似文献
William H. FriedlandEmail: |
William H. Friedland is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz where his research continues on commodity systems, wine and grapes, the globalization of agriculture and food, and exploring ways to strengthen alternative social movements to subvert the dominant paradigm. 相似文献
13.
“Virtual water,” water needed for crop production, is now being mainstreamed in the water policy world. Relying on virtual
water in the form of food imports is increasingly recommended as good policy for water-scarce areas. Virtual water globalizes
discussions on water scarcity, ecological sustainability, food security and consumption. Presently the concept is creating
much noise in the water and food policy world, which contributes to its politicization. We will argue that the virtual water
debate is also a “real water” and food and agricultural policy debate and hence has political effects. Decisions about food
strategies and resource allocation play out on the national political economy, benefiting some while harming others. Therefore,
a policy choice for virtual water is not politically neutral. “Real␣water” interventions are, likewise, inspired by economic
as well as political considerations like control of the countryside, geopolitical strategy, and food sovereignty (independence
from international political conditionality and market uncertainties). To illustrate these ideas, we look into case studies
of Egypt and the State of Punjab in India. In India, a debate on the merits and demerits of a virtual water strategy is now
emerging. In Egypt, which switched to food imports in the early 1970s, a long-standing taboo on debating virtual water is
now being relaxed.
相似文献
Dik RothEmail: |
14.
Site-specific management of limiting nutrients in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) on the Texas High Plains
Rolf Färe Chenggang Wang A. Michael Schubert Kevin F. Bronson Jeff Johnson 《Precision Agriculture》2009,10(4):331-341
Nutrient data obtained from soil chemical tests were analyzed in an activity analysis model to identify limiting factors in
peanut production on the Texas High Plains. A production function was estimated for the study field, and limiting factors
were identified at individual sites where the production function indicated that yield did not respond. The estimated production
function also enabled us to conduct a cost-return analysis of variable- and blanket-rate fertilizer applications. The results
showed that peanut yields did not respond to most of the nutrients included in the study, which confirmed conclusions from
previous studies in the study region. Calcium and nitrogen were the only two limiting factors identified in this study. Significant
economic returns could be obtained by site-specific fertilizer application. The average economic return from variable-rate
calcium fertilizer application was $27.84 ha−1 and from blanket-rate it was $10.73 ha−1. The return from variable-rate nitrogen fertilizer application was about $20 ha−1 and from a blanket-rate it was about $14 ha−1. There seems to be quite a strong economic incentive to adopt variable-rate application for calcium and nitrogen fertilizer
application.
相似文献
Jeff JohnsonEmail: |
15.
Sandra Sattler Weber 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(4):425-434
An ethnographic case study of five rural farmwomen in Cedar County, Nebraska, was conducted to contribute to the understudied
area of rural entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurs. This naturalistic inquiry into the lived experiences of five women
provides an exceptional view of the founding of a new microenterprise, the St. James Marketplace, a farmer-to-customer market
in an agricultural setting. The study considered factors identified from previous research on entrepreneurship in both urban
and rural settings. It connected the formation of this microenterprise to the history, culture, values, and economic situation
that motivated the founders’ entrepreneurial behavior. A social embeddedness perspective was employed in the analysis. Negative
forces from the macroenvironment, such as the closing of the local church parish and declining economic conditions for farming,
influenced the creation of the venture. However, the most important motivation was to sustain community. This study satisfies
a need for in-depth inquiry into rural entrepreneurship, rural communities, and rural farmwomen entrepreneurs.
相似文献
Sandra Sattler WeberEmail: |
16.
Douglas H. Constance 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):151-155
I provide an historical overview of the development of the Sociology of Agriculture as a critical response to perceived inadequacies
of conservative theories of social change regarding rural society in general, and agriculture in particular. I do this by
focusing on the three questions that have dominated the discourse on agrifood studies: “The Agrarian Question,” “The Environment
Question,” and “The Food Question.” I analyze the success and constraints of selected alternative agrifood initiatives in
relation to the three questions and introduce a fourth, the Emancipatory Question. I conclude that agrifood social scientists
need to embrace a praxis orientation to agrifood studies and participate in social movements designed to create a more socially
just alternative agrifood system.
相似文献
Douglas H. ConstanceEmail: |
17.
C. Clare Hinrichs 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):209-213
Despite its vigor, agrifood studies research faces two fault lines: the durability of disciplines, and challenges in engaging
non-academic stakeholders. In this essay, I use the concept of boundary work from social studies of science and technology
to reflect on the challenges and opportunities for more engaged interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies. I draw on
recent field visits to several “sustainable food chain” research projects funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use Programme
(RELU), an innovative interdisciplinary research initiative of the UK Research Councils, to highlight the contradictory nature
of boundary work in interdisciplinary research. Involving efforts both to bridge interfaces and to separate, exclude and manage
other disciplines or stakeholders, boundary work is inherent to interdisciplinarity. Innovations in the organizational culture
of projects and in the larger structural context for research can multiply the more generative potential of boundary work,
and also yield more and better interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies.
相似文献
C. Clare HinrichsEmail: |
18.
David M. Holt 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):169-171
I examine the risks and opportunities associated with social movement coalition building in attempts to block or curtail the
rise of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in the United States. As producers have scaled up animal production
facilities, environmentalists and animal rights activists, along with numerous other social actors, have begun anti-CAFO campaigns.
I argue that while the CAFO has mobilized a diverse group of social actors, these individuals and organizations do not all
have the same interests (aside from resistance to CAFOs), leading to some unlikely allies. These odd alliances provide opportunities
for agrifood scholars to study the relationship between the coalitions that social movement organizations form and the support
they receive from their respective constituencies. Lastly, I argue that the need for agrifood scholars to address the pitfalls
associated with single-issue coalition building extends beyond the unlikely alliance between environmentalists and animal
rights activists, as agrifood related crises have led to a proliferation of such coalitions.
相似文献
David M. HoltEmail: |
19.
Differences in perceptions and knowledge of crop diseases constitute a major obstacle in farmer–researcher cooperation, which
is necessary for sustainable disease management. Farmers’ perceptions and management of crop diseases in the northern Ethiopian
Regional State of Tigrai were investigated in order to harness their knowledge in the participatory development of integrated
disease management (IDM) strategies. Knowledge of disease etiology and epidemiology, cultivar resistance, and reasons for
the cultivation of susceptible cultivars were investigated in a total of 12 tabias (towns) in ten weredas (districts). Perception of diseases involved both scientific and spiritual conceptual frameworks. Of the more than 30 crop
diseases recorded on the major crops in the region, only rusts and powdery mildews (locally called humodia) and a few root rots were considered by farmers to be important. Farmers’ awareness of other diseases was extremely low;
some highly damaging but less conspicuous diseases, such as faba bean chocolate spot and chickpea ascochyta blight (also called
humodia), were not regarded by farmers as disease but as problems caused primarily by excessive soil moisture. Considering that some
of these “unrecognized” diseases can cause complete yield loss and genetic erosion in epiphytotic years, there is an urgent
need for bringing together farmers’ and scientists’ knowledge to complement each other. Even when farmers had access to disease-resistant
or disease-tolerant cultivars, they grew susceptible local varieties because of multiple criteria including earliness, good
yield in years with low humodia severity, suitability for home consumption, market demand/quality, and low soil fertility
and land management requirements. Farmer innovation and knowledge were evident in their use of diverse disease control measures,
but these were a mixture of the “useful and the useless.” Our findings stress the necessity for extension workers and researchers
to understand and improve farmers’ knowledge of crop diseases, and farmers’ ability to observe and experiment, through the
Farmer Field School or a similar experiential learning approach. These insights about farmers’ knowledge of crop diseases
provide a basis for further collaborative maintenance of crop genetic diversity, development of germplasm, and IPM-related
research in Africa.
相似文献
Mathew M. AbangEmail: |
20.
Lawrence Busch 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):215-218
The advent of the new nanotechnologies has been heralded by government, media, and many in the scientific community as the
next big thing. Within the agricultural sector research is underway on a wide variety of products ranging from distributed
intelligence in orchards, to radio frequency identification devices, to animal diagnostics, to nanofiltered food products.
But the nano-revolution (if indeed there is a revolution at all) appears to be taking a turn quite different from the biotechnology
revolution of two decades ago. Grappling with these issues will require abandoning both the exuberance of diffusion theory
and ex post facto criticism of new technologies as well in favor of a more nuanced and proactive view that cross the fault
line between the social and natural sciences.
Lawrence Busch has a PhD in Development Sociology from Cornell University. He is University Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards at Michigan State University. His research focuses on how standards shape social life. 相似文献
Lawrence BuschEmail: |
Lawrence Busch has a PhD in Development Sociology from Cornell University. He is University Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards at Michigan State University. His research focuses on how standards shape social life. 相似文献