甘肃省东南地区马类家畜驽巴贝斯虫病病因及其防治技术

自６０年代以来,甘肃省东南地区马类家畜中间断流行驽巴贝斯虫病。１９９６年春季呈暴发性流行,造成了巨大的经济损失。直到１９９６年６月才被确诊,并得到迅速有效地控制。结合一年多的实践,对该病及其防治技术介绍如下：１驽巴贝斯虫病及传播媒介蜱１．１调查发现的...     

甘肃省马驽巴贝斯虫病流行情况与防治对策

马驽巴贝斯虫病于上世纪90年代以采在甘肃省陇东南地区流行，开始时由于病原不清楚，未能采取有效防治措施。1996年开始，我站组成科技攻关小组，经过深入细致的流行病学调查和病原学研究，查明了病原、流行特点、媒介的生物学特性；通过大量的药物试验，筛选出有效的防治药物，并研制出咪唑苯脲缓释剂；制定了综合防治措施在流行区推广应用，取得了显著的防治效果。2000年该项目获省科技进步二等奖。2004年以来，该病在流行区的部分县又有局域性流行，因此重视该病的防治势在必行。本文就该病的流行特点和防治对策进行了综述。     

马驽巴贝斯虫病的诊断和治疗

１９９９年春季以来,我院接连收治１０余例以高热、贫血、黄疸等为主要特征的马匹疫病,实验室诊断确诊为马驽巴贝斯虫病,后经治疗全部治愈,现将情况介绍如下。１　发病情况吉林省左家地区属半山区,春季林地草场存在大量森林革蜱,但本院从有记录的１９９３年以来,尚未收治过患梨形虫病的马匹。１９９９年春季以来陆续有马匹发病,主要表现食欲减退,体温升高,经过抗生素或清热泻火类中药治疗无效,遂来我院就诊。２　临诊症状发病初期病马精神沉郁,饮食欲减退,但二便均正常,体温升高达３９－５～４１－８℃,心率每分钟达７０～…     

一例马混合感染驽巴贝斯虫与马巴贝斯虫病及并发症的诊治

从外地新购的马，混合感染驽巴贝斯虫、马巴贝斯虫，由于早体代谢产物的刺激与渐进性贫血，而引发一系列并发症：心衰、肺水肿、出血性素质致肠驰缓。经实验室检查确诊后，用黄色素、贝尼尔驱杀致病体并采用补液、止血、通便、强心等一系列对症治疗措施及中兽医辩证治疗后，该病例救治成功。     

甘肃省陇东南地区马类家畜驽巴贝斯虫病流行病学调查

甘肃省陇东南地区的礼县，北道，秦城等县（区）的马类家畜中，流行一种以高热，黄疸，贫血为主要特征的疫病。经流行病学调查，实验室诊断，病理剖检，确诊为驽巴贝斯虫病，其传播媒介为森林革蜱，该病每年１～６月发病，具有固定的地区性，不受品种，性别，年龄的限制，营养状况对发病率也无明显影响，经用贝尼尔以３．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量深部肌肉注射，结合对症治疗，治愈率达８９．７％。     

马驽巴贝斯虫病中西医综合防治

马驽巴贝斯虫病由驽巴贝斯虫（Babesiaca—balli）经媒介蜱传播寄生于马属动物红细胞内引起的一种血液原虫病,我国将其列为二类动物疫病。其病原为驽巴贝斯虫,传播媒介为森林革蜱（Dermacentorsilvarum）和草原革蜱（D．nuttalli）o20世纪60年代中期以来,在甘肃省陇东南地区的马属动物中流行着一种以高热、贫血、黄疸、心肺机能障碍等为主要症状的疫病,70—80年代,     

马驽巴贝斯虫ddPCR检测方法的建立

马驽巴贝斯虫(Babesia caballi)病是马属动物的一种血液原虫病,被农业农村部列为二类动物疫病.本研究旨在建立一种针对马驽巴贝斯虫病的ddPCR检测技术.利用马驽巴贝斯虫特异性引物及探针对反应体系进行优化,测试了方法的特异性、稳定性及灵敏性,对30份可疑样品进行了初步检测.结果显示,该方法具有较好的稳定性,最...     

草原革蜱各发育阶段对驽巴贝斯虫传播能力的研究

将实验室培育好的“清洁”草原革蜱成，释放到驽巴贝斯虫单一种人工感染的驴体上，使其自行叮咬吸血，俊雌虫饱血脱落后，置２８℃、相对湿度约９０％的温箱中产卵孵化，而后用次代３个不同发育阶段的蜱，分别叮咬除脾或非除脾健康易感驴。试验结果表明，草原革蜱在成虫阶段被驽巴贝斯虫感染，并经卵传递。次代幼虫、若虫和成虫都具有传播该种病的能力。另外，还发现在草原革蜱卵内发育的驽巴贝斯虫，对易感宿主动也具有感染性。     

Seroepidemiologic studies on Babesia equi and Babesia caballi infections in horses in Jilin province of China

The prevalence of equine piroplasmosis caused by Babesia equi and Babesia caballi in northeast China has remained unknown, although the People's Republic of China is recognized as an endemic country for the diseases. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in Jilin province, a part of northeast China. A total of 111 serum samples were taken from horses in eastern Jilin, and examined for diagnosis of B. equi and B. caballi infections by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with recombinant antigens, equi merozoite antigen-1 and P48, respectively. Of the 111 samples, 38 (34%) and 36 (32%) samples were sero-positive for B. equi infection and B. caballi infection, respectively. In addition, 14 (12%) samples were sero-positive for both B. equi and B. caballi infections. These results indicate that equine piroplasmosis is widespread and therefore a cause for serious concern in northeast China.     

陇西县马属动物驽巴贝斯虫病的诊断及防治

近五年来,陇西县马属动物中流行一种以高热、贫血、黄疸等为特征的传染病,通过流行病学调查、临床症状和病原体检查,确诊为驽巴贝斯虫病。经用血虫克星或贝尼尔特异性治疗,获得满意结果。     

Seroepidemiologic studies on Babesia caballi and Babesia equi infections in Japan

Antibodies to Babesia caballi and Babesia equi were examined on a total of 2,019 horse serum samples that had been collected in 1971-1973 by the National Institute of Animal Health by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant proteins and by Western-blot analysis. Based on the criterion for positivity by ELISA, 5.4% (109/2,019) and 2.2% (44/2,019) had antibodies against B. caballi and B. equi, respectively. The ELISA-positive sera were further examined by Western blot; 30/109 for B. caballi and 2/ 44 for B. equi were positive for native B. caballi or B. equi, but none of them was seropositive for both infections. Based on the results of this study, further investigations should be required to survey horses that have arrived in Japan relatively recently and tick vectors of equine Babesia using ELISA with some recombinant protein, a parasite detection method in an in vitro culture of equine Babesia, and PCR testing.     

The transovarial transmission of Babesia caballi by Hyalomma truncatum

Babesia caballi, isolated from a horse that originated from South West Africa/Namibia, was transmitted transovarially by adult Hyalomma truncatum. B. caballi proved to be highly infective for adult H. truncatum. Forty-five per cent of ticks feeding on a reacting animal with an extremely low parasitaemia became infected. In spite of a low parasitaemia, the ticks were severely affected by the parasite. Seventy per cent of the infected ticks either died during oviposition or after laying only a few eggs. The features of the infection in horses were: a prepatent period of 10 days, very low parasitaemias with low pathogenicity and spontaneous recovery of the infected animals.     

A serological study of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Thoroughbreds in Trinidad

Ninety-three (93) horses were investigated for serum antibodies to Theileria equi (T. equi) and Babesia caballi (B. caballi) using the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Seventy-seven (82.8%) horses were seropositive; 31 (33.3%) were positive to T. equi compared to 64 (68.8%) to B. caballi while 18 (19.4%) horses were seropositive to both parasites. No significant differences in antibody frequencies among females and males for either T. equi or B. caballi were noted. Differences in seropositivity to B. caballi among age groups were not significant. Antibodies to T. equi were more frequent than to B.caballi in the age group 5 years and over than in the 1-2 and 2-4 years age groups (p<0.05). Unlike T. equi antibodies, B. caballi antibodies in horses in the county of Caroni were significantly less frequent when compared to other counties (p<0.05). Of 18 (19.4%) clinically ill horses, seven (42.9%) had clinicopathological evidence of anemia. Only one-third (6 of 18) horses were positive for the parasite on Wright-Giemsa stained blood smears and anemia was present in only 2. We report here that B. caballi and not T. equi may be the more common agent of piroplasmosis in Trinidad.     

青海省马属小巴贝斯原虫和马巴贝斯原虫感染的血清流行病学检测

用重组蛋白作为ELISA抗原对青海地区马的上属小巴贝斯原虫[b(.Th.)equi]和马巴贝斯原虫(B.caballi)感染的流行情况进行了调查。经过对所收集的317份马属动物血清抗体的检测,共检出B(.Th.)equi阳性血清16份,B.caballi阳性血清11份。结果初步说明我省的马属动物群中存在马巴贝斯原虫病的流行。     

The transstadial transmission of Babesia caballi by Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi

Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi larvae were fed on the ears of rabbits. Seven days after larval infestation, unfed, newly moulted nymphae were manually removed to infest a splenectomized donkey showing a patent Babesia caballi infection. Engorged nymphae were collected from the donkey and the ensuing adult ticks were placed on a susceptible horse. The horse contracted a B. caballi infection showing a prepatent period of 19 days after tick infestation. A very low parasitaemia, (highest score 2), which was patent for only 10 days, was recorded. The lowest packed cell volume recorded was 16%.     

南北疆部分地区马驽巴贝斯虫病血清学调查

为了解南北疆养殖马区域马匹感染驽巴贝斯虫情况,笔者采用竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验(eELISA)与血涂片镜检法相结合的试验法,对伊犁和巴州两地区马匹随机抽样(N--454),进行驽巴贝斯虫病血清学调查。经c-Elisa调查发现,驽巴贝斯虫状况(呈抗体阳性)总感染率为33.2%;其中北疆4县马驽巴贝斯虫感染率分别15.8%、7.9%、5.7%和2.6%;南疆和静县感染率为O.4%。经血液涂片检查发现极少部分抗体阳性全血发现虫体,其总阳性率6.6%。无临床症状的马匹血清抗体阳性率高说明该地区存在‘传染源'、传播蜱虫,故加以防范。