黑肩绿盲蝽在寄主植物、飞虱和叶蝉卵上的生长和发育

 系统地测定了不同寄主卵和寄主植物对稻飞虱重要天敌黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter生长和发育的影响。结果表明，在实验室条件下黑肩绿盲蝽能在水稻以及禾本科杂草如稗草Echinochloa glabrescens、千金子Leptochloa chinensis、马唐Digitaria ciliaris和狗牙根Cynodon dactylon上生长和繁殖。大田连续采样证实该盲蝽在稻田周围杂草地只能作短暂停留。黑肩绿盲蝽的若虫龄数随寄主卵和寄主植物的变化而变化，表现为5龄、6龄和4龄。水稻和禾本科花穗与飞虱蜜露或蜂蜜的结合可为黑肩绿盲蝽的生长和发育提供重要的营养源。该研究将为黑肩绿盲蝽的自然保护利用提供重要的理论依据。     

水稻品种对黑望绿盲蝽功能反应的影响

在室内研究了以不同水稻品种上褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens）为食的黑肩绿盲蝽（Cyrtorhinus lividipennis)对宰飞虱卵的功能反应。结果表明，以TN1、IR26、IR64和丙97－34等4个品种上褐飞虱为食的黑肩发盲蝽的功能反应均显著地强于以丙97－59上褐飞虱为食的黑绿盲蝽的，而在前面的4个品种间则差异不明显。统计分析表明，由再97－59上所育出的赤肩绿盲蝽对猎物的处理时间显著地长于由其他4个品种上所育出的，而瞬时攻击率则在5个品种上所育出的黑肩绿盲蝽间差异不显著，这说明导致不同品种上育出的黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应差异的原因主要在于其对猎物处理时间上的不同。文中还就试验结果在害虫治理中的意义进行了讨论。     

水稻品种对黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应的影响

在室内研究了以不同水稻品种上褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)为食的黑肩绿盲蝽(Cyrtorhinus lividipennis)对褐飞虱卵的功能反应。结果表明,以TN1、IR26、IR64和丙97-34等4个品种上褐飞虱为食的黑肩绿盲蝽的功能反应均显著地强于以丙97-59上褐飞虱为食的黑肩绿盲蝽的,而在前面的4个品种间则差异不明显。统计分析表明,由丙97-59上所育出的黑肩绿盲蝽对猎物的处理时间显著或极显著地长于由其他4个品种上所育出的,而瞬时攻击率则在5个品种上所育出的黑肩绿盲蝽间差异不显著,这说明导致不同品种上育出的黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应差异的原因主要在于其对猎物处理时间上的不同。文中还就试验结果在害虫治理中的意义进行了讨论。     

绿盲蝽对13种不同寄主植物适合度的初步研究

室内条件下研究了绿盲蝽在13种寄主植物上不同龄期若虫的发育历期和成虫的寿命。结果表明，绿盲蝽在不同寄主植物上不同龄期若虫的发育历期及若虫期均有显著差异，其中四季豆上若虫的发育历期明显缩短，其它寄主植物之间无明显差异；在常规棉花上若虫的发育历期延长，但和豆类及转基因抗虫棉相比无明显差异。在两种抗虫棉上成虫的寿命明显缩短，其它寄主植物之间无明显差异。说明转基因抗虫棉和豆类植物更适合绿盲蝽的生长发育。     

中黑盲蝽自然种群滞育的变化规律

为了研究中黑盲蝽自然种群的滞育随时间变化的规律,从8月初至10月末,在河南原阳地区杂草上采集中黑盲蝽成虫的自然种群,每隔7d采集1次。采集到的成虫在温度(26±1)℃,相对湿度80%±10%,光周期L∶D=16h∶8h的人工气候箱中进行饲养。对不同日期采集到的中黑盲蝽所产卵的滞育情况进行分析。结果表明:8月末该地区的中黑盲蝽种群开始产下滞育卵,9月末当地中黑盲蝽种群的滞育率已达到100%;但该自然种群在室内饲养后,其所产不同批次卵的滞育率随饲养时间的增加而逐渐下降。     

牧草盲蝽的寄主种类及取食选择性研究

牧草盲蝽是多食性害虫,寄主种类广泛。研究牧草盲蜡的寄主种类及取食选择性,对于明确其发生地、虫源、预测预报及综合治理具有重要意义。采用目测法、盆拍法和扫网法,对牧草盲蝽的寄主植物种类和取食选择性进行了田间调查。通过本项研究查明新疆阿拉尔市牧草盲蝽的寄主植物为26科88种,其中偏好寄主有12科22种,非偏好寄主有23科66种;包括栽培植物64种,野生植物24种。     

Bt棉田内绿盲蝽发生规律及综合治理技术

绿盲蝽属半翅目,盲蝽科,在安阳县棉田中,是棉盲蝽的优势种。近年来,由于抗虫棉的推广和普及,棉铃虫得到有效控制,棉田用药次数、施药量减少,非靶标害虫逐年呈上升趋势,尤其是绿盲蝽在安阳县棉花上已成为主要害虫,在重发生年份,百株虫量在100头以上,一般棉田因盲蝽危害减产10%~20%,严重的减产50%以上。近年,笔者对其进行了调查研究,并提出了综合治理技术措施。1绿盲蝽发生规律1.1在Bt棉花与其它寄主间转移危害规律。绿盲蝽的寄主植物种类繁多。据田间调查,安阳地区有21科43种以上,其中野生寄主达19种,主要有野苜蓿、野胡萝卜、婆婆纳等;栽培…     

恼人的游击者——绿盲蝽

绿盲蝽主要为害春茶,曾是茶园偶发性的吸汁类害虫,近年来在山东、江苏、湖北、陕西等省茶区逐步上升至重要害虫之一。本文介绍绿盲蝽的寄主、分布、形态特征、发生特点和综合防治方法,以期为茶农识别和有效防治绿盲蝽提供依据。     

牧草盲蝽雌成虫内生殖系统结构及卵巢发育动态

通过解剖和显微观察研究了牧草盲蝽雌成虫的内生殖系统结构及其发育情况，并对处于不同发育阶段卵巢进行了分级。结果显示，牧草盲蝽雌成虫有1对卵巢，每个卵巢由7根卵巢管组成。初羽化的雌性牧草盲蝽卵巢为透明状，随着日龄的增加，卵巢逐渐发育，体积增大；卵巢管内总的卵子数目随着日龄的增长呈现先升后降的趋势；在羽化后第4天可观测到成熟的卵，而在羽化后第15天卵子数目达到最高值。依据卵巢发育中卵巢管内卵母细胞体积变化、成熟卵数目，将牧草盲蝽卵巢分为Ⅰ～Ⅴ级，包括Ⅰ级（未发育期）、Ⅱ级（卵黄沉积期）、Ⅲ级（成熟待产期）、Ⅳ级（产卵盛期）和Ⅴ级（产卵末期）。这些结果对于牧草盲蝽生殖生理学的认识、生理适应性的机制、害虫种群动态监测等都具有重要意义。     

牧草盲蝽雌成虫内生殖系统结构及卵巢发育动态

通过解剖和显微观察研究了牧草盲蝽雌成虫的内生殖系统结构及其发育情况，并对处于不同发育阶段卵巢进行了分级。结果显示，牧草盲蝽雌成虫有1对卵巢，每个卵巢由7根卵巢管组成。初羽化的雌性牧草盲蝽卵巢为透明状，随着日龄的增加，卵巢逐渐发育，体积增大；卵巢管内总的卵子数目随着日龄的增长呈现先升后降的趋势；在羽化后第4天可观测到成熟的卵，而在羽化后第15天卵子数目达到最高值。依据卵巢发育中卵巢管内卵母细胞体积变化、成熟卵数目，将牧草盲蝽卵巢分为Ⅰ～Ⅴ级，包括Ⅰ级（未发育期）、Ⅱ级（卵黄沉积期）、Ⅲ级（成熟待产期）、Ⅳ级（产卵盛期）和Ⅴ级（产卵末期）。这些结果对于牧草盲蝽生殖生理学的认识、生理适应性的机制、害虫种群动态监测等都具有重要意义。     

Interference by Western Flower Thrips in rearing Asian citrus psyllid: Damage to host plants and facultative predation

An infestation of Western Flower Thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), recently developed on young citrus trees in a greenhouse devoted to rearing Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Large numbers of young flush leaves were killed which negatively impacted ACP, as ACP is dependent on flush for oviposition and nymph development. Further, WFT predated on immature ACP killing a large proportion of young nymphs. Two experiments were subsequently conducted to assess WFT damage to two ACP rearing host plants, orange jasmine [Murraya exotica (L.)] and sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. Direct comparisons of WFT damage to the two host plants were not made because the plants were not studied at the same time and the age of adults used in the experiments was not known. An infestation of ten adult WFT per flush shoot caused significant damage to orange jasmine: most (73%) flush shoots were killed, and shoots not killed were significantly growth retarded. Ten adult WFT per flush shoot caused little damage to sweet orange. A third experiment showed that five adult WFT per 90 ACP eggs predated on large numbers of eggs and 1st instar ACP − only 13% of the eggs hatched and developed beyond the 1st nymphal instar (WFT did not attack later instars). Predation on ACP immatures in this experiment included an evaluation of a minute pirate bug [Orius insidiosus (Say), regarded as effective against WFT] also at five adults per 90 ACP eggs. All ACP eggs were killed by this predator before eclosion. O. insidiosis might be useful for reducing infestations of WFT on citrus or other ACP host plants, but the predator would be incompatible with rearing ACP.     

二穗短柄草被确定为水稻黑条矮缩病毒的新寄主

二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)是一种新兴的模式植物,在病毒-植物的互作研究中具有广阔的应用前景。水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black-streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV)是一种重要的植物病毒,明确该病毒是否能够侵染二穗短柄草,是进行病毒-寄主互作研究的前提。本研究利用传毒介体灰飞虱将RBSDV人工接种于二穗短柄草Bd21,观察RBSDV是否侵染短柄草,以及侵染后的症状发展过程,同时对病毒进行了PCR检测。结果显示,RBSDV可以侵染二穗短柄草;初期症状为节间缩短,随后表现植株矮缩、心叶扭曲、缺刻等症状;PCR检测有明显的目的条带。由此确定二穗短柄草是RBSDV的新寄主,可作为该病毒与寄主互作的研究材料。这为进行RBSDV抗病基因鉴定、基因组学研究以及农作物的抗病育种奠定了基础。     

稻纵卷叶螟对不同植物的产卵趋性与取食选择

【目的】稻纵卷叶螟是我国水稻上的一种重要害虫,在田间除水稻之外还可取食多种禾本科植物并完成生活史,但在大发生年份该虫几乎只在水稻上发生。本研究旨在明确该虫在水稻及其他寄主植物上的产卵选择及后代取食趋性的机制。【方法】采用室内笼罩选择实验比较了稻纵卷叶螟在水稻、玉米、稗草、狗尾草上的产卵与取食选择性以及取食经历对产卵、取食选择的影响。【结果】在笼罩条件下稻纵卷叶螟成虫在水稻叶片上的着卵量占总卵量的49.08%,显著高于其他三种植物;幼虫取食水稻后发育历期为17.29 d,显著短于取食玉米和狗尾草,同时取食水稻后蛹重最重;幼虫期分别取食水稻和玉米的稻纵卷叶螟成虫对四种植物的产卵选择无变化,仍显著偏好选择水稻产卵;低龄幼虫的取食选择性在几种植物之间无显著差异,低龄期取食水稻的幼虫发育到3龄、4龄后对寄主的取食选择顺序为狗尾草水稻、稗草玉米;低龄期取食玉米的幼虫发育到3龄、4龄后对寄主的取食选择为狗尾草玉米水稻、稗草。【结论】稻纵卷叶螟成虫显著偏好在水稻上产卵,产卵选择性不受幼虫取食经历影响,产卵选择性与幼虫的取食选择性并不一致。幼虫取食水稻的发育历期最短,蛹重最高。高龄幼虫显著偏好取食狗尾草,同时,低龄期的取食经历改变了高龄幼虫对水稻和玉米的取食偏好。     

Biodiversity and Dynamics of Planthoppers and Their Natural Enemies in Rice Fields with Different Nitrogen Regimes

Biodiversity both theoretically and practically has relevance in addressing many problems of contemporary agriculture and allows the formation of functional groups that drive key ecosystem processes [1]. One of the most important processes in agroecosystems is pest regulation, because biodiversity is related closely to host-plant resistance, pest management attributes, natural biological control agents and their impacts, and stability as the ecological basis for pest management [2-3]. On one h…     

营养补充对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂寿命和繁殖力的影响

研究营养补充对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂（Fopius arisanus Sonan）寿命和繁殖力的影响。结果表明,食物和寄主对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂的寿命均有显著影响。在无寄主存在的情况下,以蜂蜜＋水饲喂阿里山潜蝇茧蜂,其雌蜂平均寿命为（37.8±1.1）d,而提供橘小实蝇卵时雌蜂平均寿命为（19.2±3.8）d。寄主存在与否,不予饲喂的阿里山潜蝇茧蜂,其雌蜂最长寿命均不超过1周。饲喂蜂蜜+水能够显著提高阿里山潜蝇茧蜂的产卵能力,使子代雌蜂比例增高。     

Ecology of Meimuna mongolica (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Nymphs: Instars,Morphological Variation,Vertical Distribution and Population Density,Host-Plant Selection,and Emergence Phenology

The cicada Meimuna mongolica (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) is one of the most important pests of economic forest in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province, China. Information about ecological characteristics and some sustainable control measures of this species is urgently required for its control. In this study, nymphal instars, morphological variation, vertical distribution, and population density in soil, and emergence phenology of nymphs of M. mongolica on three main host plants (Pinus tabuliformis Carr., Populus tomentosa Carr., and Pyrus xerophila Yü) were studied, based on combined morphological and molecular identification, investigation of the first-instar nymphs hatched from eggs and others excavated from soil, and investigation of exuviae in the adult emergence period. Five nymphal instars of M. mongolica were redetermined according to the distribution plots of the head capsule widths of the nymphs. Nymphs of third and fourth instars showed morphological variation, which is closely related to host-plant association. The mean densities of nymphs in soil under the three host plants were significantly different, indicating a distinct host preference. The nymphs could extend their distribution from the 0–10 cm soil layer to the 51–60 cm soil layer underground but not beyond 60 cm soil layer under all the three host plants. The 21–30 cm soil layer under all the three host plants has the highest nymphal population density. The sex ratio of the entire population was nearly 50:50, but males dominated in the early half of the duration of the emergence. These ecological characteristics of M. mongolica could provide important information for sustainable control measures.     

Gross Morphology of Diseased Tissues in Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Molecular Characterization of an Associated Microsporidian

Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), commonly known in the U.S. as the southern green stink bug (SGSB), is a cosmopolitan, highly polyphagous feeder that causes severe damage to a wide range of agronomically important crops such as fruit, vegetable, grain, tobacco, and cotton, throughout much of the United States, and is a global pest of considerable ecological, agricultural, and economical interest. During dissection of female Nz. viridula, conspicuous black and brown spots or lesions were observed on various internal organs. To determine the cause of these spots or lesions, tissues of fat body, spermatheca, ovaries, and ovulated eggs were collected from healthy and infected individuals. The gross morphology of the spots was characterized, and the microorganisms associated with the infection were identified by amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the small subunit rRNA gene. The presence of a microsporidian pathogen Nosema maddoxi, Becnel, Solter, Hajek, Huang, Sanscrainte, & Estep (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) which has been observed on other species of stink bug, was evidenced for the first time. The characterization of the gross morphology of this associated microsporidian may enable more rapid determination of microsporidia infection in stink bug colonies and field populations.     

龙眼幼果期荔枝蝽的防治指标

测定了龙眼幼果期荔枝蝽(TessaratomapapilosaDrury)若虫密度与落果率的相关性及防治指标。结果表明,龙眼幼果期幼龄树及成龄树2龄若虫密度防治指标分别为1.6头/果穗和1.2头/果穗,而相应的有虫果穗率分别为33%和26%。同时,根据福建龙眼生产的实际情况,制定了不同产量、价格相应的虫口密度及有虫果穗率的防治指标,为防治提供理论依据。