福建省变性土的性质、形成和肥力

The zonal soils in the south subtropical zone of Fujian are lateritic red soils.A type of dark clayey soils.which was historically defined as lateritic red soils,derived from weathering products of the basalts was indicated by the investigation results to be markedly different from lateritic red soils and could be classified as Typical Hapluderts.They are distributed as complex zones with the lateritic red soils.The vertisols in this region were considered as a type of lithogenic soils and the vertic characteristics delay and inhibit the soils from allitic processes and then formed an independent soil type.The vertisols have higher fertility and better agricultural production characters than the lateritic red soils.The different ways in utilizing and managing these soils according to their properties and fertility are also suggested.     

电磁波在饱和无粘性土中的传播特性及试验研究

目前工程中大多采用取样法测试土的孔隙比, 该方法对土层产生扰动,深层取样困难,不能长期定点监测且测试有时间滞后性。与之相比,现场测试方法能克服这些缺点,具有取样法无法比拟的优势。电磁法是近年来发展很快的一种快速的现场测试方法。该方法利用电磁波在土中的传播速度和土介质     

侵蚀土的性质变化及其对土地肥力的影响

<正> 土壤侵蚀系指临时性地面径流对表土层(有时也包括其下垫层)的冲刷——面蚀,和下切——沟蚀作用的破坏过程,是发生最为普遍的水土流失现象。 凡因面蚀或沟蚀而受到破坏的土壤称为侵蚀土。根据侵蚀破坏的程度,侵蚀土常分为弱、中、强三个等级(亦有分为四个等级的)。土壤侵蚀度,是以同类型的侵蚀土与非侵蚀土标本进行对比来确定的,对比     

福建变性土肥力特征和农业生产特性的研究

福建变性土与广泛分布的地带性土壤－砖红壤性红壤不仅在土壤特性上有很大差别，而且在耕作、适种性、施肥效应、灌溉措施以及作物产量与品质等农业生产特性上也有明显的不同。我们在已取得土壤特性研究成果的基础上，又从水、肥、气等土壤肥力特征方面，揭示这些农业生产特性差别的机理，并着重于与砖红壤性红壤对比，以期把这两种呈复区分布的土壤，在利用和管理上能进一步区别对待。     

四湖地区潜育化土壤的肥力特征与改良利用

本文在野外土壤剖面调查基础上分析研究了四湖地区潜育化水稻土的养分状况和肥力特征。结果表明,随土壤潜育化程度加重,土壤养分有机质趋于丰富、潜在养分含量较高,速效养分中速效钾相对较高而有效磷较低;结合观测和调查结果,分析了地下水位、还原性物质和土地利用状况及土壤养分平衡等因素对潜育化土壤肥力状况所造成的影响,提出了因地制宜的综合改良利用措施。     

江苏省水稻土的肥力特征及其培育

文章就江苏省徐淮、江淮和江南3个地区的稻麦产量与土壤的基础肥力、水文状况、耕层养分含量的关系进行了讨论;提出了肥沃水稻土的一般指标及培肥措施。     

紫色水稻土的有机金属-矿物胶体复合物对磷的吸附、解吸特征

The kinetic characteristics of P adsorption and desorption by organo-mineral colloidal complexes (OMC) were studied using acid, calcareous and neutral purple paddy soils taken from Chongqing and Sichuan, China. The results showed that the P adsorption capacity of the organo-mineral colloidal complexes differed with the soil tyes, being higher for the acid and calcareous purple soils than for the neutral purple soils. Partial removal of the organic matter increased the adsorption capacity of the colloidal complexes. A very significant positive correlation was found between the amounts of P desorbed from OMC and the P saturation degrees. The P adsorption reaction was quick at the early stage and slowed later. The raise of temperature increased P adsorption capacity and P adsorption rate of the colloidal complexes. The adsorption processes could be described by the Elovich equation.     

土壤分形特征与土壤肥力关系研究——以皖南地区水稻土为例

在安徽土壤普查数据的基础上，对皖南地区水稻土的分形特征进行了研究，结果表明：（1）该地区水稻土的分形维数D介于2．6717～2．9117之间，D分别与国际制粗砂粒和细砂粒含量呈明显的负相关，与粉砂粒和粘粒含量呈显著的正相关，其中与粘粒的相关关系达到极显著水平。（2）用分形维数代替土壤颗粒组成来研究土壤肥力特性，结果表明它可以较好地作为水稻土肥力特性的定量化指标。     

中性盐和pH对红壤、砖红壤胶体交换性酸的影响

In the present work, the exchangeable acidity of a red soil colloid and a latosol colloid at different pH during reacting with four neutral salts was measured. The results show that the exchangeable acidity increased with increasing amounts of the neutral salts added, and the relation between them was almost linear. When the amount of the neutral salt added was lower than a certain value, the slope of the line was high, and the slope turned low when the amount exceeded that value, so there was a turning point in each line. The addition amounts of the neutral salts for the turning points were affected by the cation species of the neutral salts, but pH had less effect on them. After the turning points occurred, the exchangeable acidity of the red soil colloid still gradually increased with the addition amounts of the neutral salts, but that of the latosol colloid did not increase any more. The exchangeable acidity in NaClO₄, KClO₄ and NaCl solutions increased at first, and then decreased with increasing pH, that is to say, peak values appeared. The peak positions of the exchangeable acidity in relation to pH changed with neutral salt solutions and were affected by the surface characteristics of the soil colloids, but not affected by the amounts of the neutral salts added. The exchangeable acidity in the Ba(NO₃)₂ solution increased continuously with increasing pH. The exchangeable acidity of the red soil colloid was obviously larger than that of the latosol colloid.     

土壤分形特征与土壤肥力关系研究--以皖南地区水稻土为例

在安徽土壤普查数据的基础上,对皖南地区水稻土的分形特征进行了研究,结果表明:(1)该地区水稻土的分形维数D介于2.6717～2.9117之间,D分别与国际制粗砂粒和细砂粒含量呈明显的负相关,与粉砂粒和粘粒含量呈显著的正相关,其中与粘粒的相关关系达到极显著水平。(2)用分形维数代替土壤颗粒组成来研究土壤肥力特性,结果表明它可以较好地作为水稻土肥力特性的定量化指标。     

有机磷在Lou土中组成变异的研究

采用Ｂｏｗｍａｎ和Ｃｏｌｅ提出的土壤有机磷分级方法，对不同肥力，不同层次，不同培肥措施下土壤有机磷的组成变化以及有机磷及其组分与有机质，速效磷的关系进行了研究。结果表明，构成Ｌｏｕ土有机磷的主要是中活性有机磷，有机磷组成随土壤肥力，剖面层次变化而变化。肥力由高到低或剖面则上到下，活性，中活性，中稳性有机磷逐渐减少，高稳性有机磷变化不大，施化肥对土壤有机磷影响不大，施有机肥可明显增加土壤有机磷，其中     

褐土碳酸钙结核的胶体特性研究

碳酸钙是黄土母质发育土壤的重要胶结物质,对土壤团粒结构的形成具有重要作用。本文采集了碳酸盐褐土中的碳酸钙结核,采用物理分散法和化学分散法分别提取得到褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒和褐土碳酸钙结核胶体,并以工业纳米碳酸钙作为对照对其胶体特性进行研究。采用X射线衍射仪、zeta电位仪和动态光散射仪对褐土碳酸钙结核胶体和工业纳米碳酸钙的矿物组成、zeta电位和胶体稳定性进行了表征。结果表明：褐土碳酸钙结核胶体、褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒和工业纳米碳酸钙的初始颗粒直径分别为224.24、88.01和98.50nm,而褐土碳酸钙结核胶体和褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒的多分散度高于工业纳米碳酸钙。褐土碳酸钙结核胶体中方解石含量为70.3%,其次含有石英、长石和伊利石等矿物;褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒主要含有方解石和伊利石,含量分别为48%和45%。3种碳酸钙胶体表面均带负电荷,其zeta电位绝对值均随着溶液pH的增大而增大。褐土碳酸钙结核胶体在NaCl和CaCl₂溶液中的临界聚沉浓度分别为538.01mmol/L和2.08mmol/L,褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒在NaCl和CaCl₂     

水稻土特性的发展和水稻田的绿肥耕作制

过渡时期农业建设对农业科学提出的要求是:建立一套先进的科学的耕作制度。这个制度必须能够不断提高土壤的肥力,这个制度要有实践基础,要有不断发展的前途,要与农业生产合作化的发展相适应,这样才能保证不断地提高农业生产,获得高     

红壤性水稻土在多熟制下的土壤肥力平衡定位研究

通过在不同方式多熟种植物条件下，对红壤性水稻土进行肥力平衡定位观察研究，从（１９７９－１９８４年），结果中，明确了采用麦（油）稻稻轮作制不仅经济效益高，而且收获量也好，此外，还能改善土壤结构，提高土壤肥力水平，其他复种方式如麦稻稻连作和麦（肥）稻稻轮作物也都有较好效果，各处理区的土壤肥力都有所提高。     

不同养分和水分模式对水稻土化学和微生物学质量参数的影响

A field experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 to compare and evaluate the effects of nutrient and water regimes on paddy soil quality by investigating soil chemical and microbiological parameters. Four nutrient regimes, a control, chemical fertilizers only (CF), chemical fertilizers with swine manure (SM), and chemical fertilizers with wheat straw (WS), and two soil moisture regimes, continuous waterlogging (CWL) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), were investigated. With SM and WS total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the paddy soil were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those with CF. A similar effect for organic amendments was observed in the soil light fraction organic C (LFOC), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC). CWL, in particular when swine manure was incorporated into the paddy soil, markedly decreased soil redox potential (Eh) and increased total active reducing substances (ARS). Meanwhile, as compared to CF, SM and WS significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and mineralizable carbon, with differences in AWD being higher than CWL. In addition, SM and WS treatments significantly (P < 0.05) improved rice above-ground biomass and grain yield, with AWD being greater than CWL. Thus, for ecologically sustainable agricultural management of paddy soils, long-term waterlogging should be avoided when organic manure was incorporated into paddy soil.     

高山草甸土多糖的初步研究

土壤多糖对保持土壤团聚体的稳定性是极其重要的^[5,7],它有助于形成适宜植物生长的良好结构,因此对多糖的研究有其重要意义。高山草甸土多糖的研究国内外至今未见报道,本文将初步研究结果简报如下。     

人为土研究的新趋势

人为耕作和其他扰动形式影响下的土壤性质及其演变趋势，人为土壤的分类问题，以及人为作用下土壤物理化学性质改变的定量研究，将是国际土壤学界在一段时间内人为土研究领域的主要研究内容之一。其新趋势反映在工业废弃地上人工造土的工作和对古人为土的研究。