试论家禽检疫技术的应用

近年来,我国大部分地区经常出现一些家禽传染病,如禽流感等,这些传染病的发生和发展将家禽检疫技术工作提上了日程,动力检疫工作者需要通过对各种家禽、种蛋或产品进行检疫。随着检疫技术的发展和应用,我国家禽检疫技术也在不断提高,以下我们来进行简单的家禽检疫技术应用的讨论。     

家禽免疫副反应的发生原因及预防措施

<正>免疫接种是预防和控制家禽传染病,降低家禽死亡率的主要措施。但在接种疫苗过程中,由于受到疫苗质量、接种时间、免疫接种技术及家禽有机体健康状况等多种复杂因素的影响,一些家禽在免疫接种后出现症状轻重不等免疫接种是预防和控制家禽传染病,降低家禽死亡率的主要措施。但在接种疫苗过程中,由于受到疫苗质量、接种时间、免疫接种技术及家禽有机体健康状况等多种复杂因素的影响,一些家禽在免疫接种后出现症状轻重不等     

禽病防治技术

家禽传染病是危害家禽生产最严重的疾病,它不但可以给养殖户造成巨大的经济损失,而且有的家禽传染病(如禽流感等)也可给人类健康安全构成严重威胁。因此,为提高广大家禽养殖人员的禽病防治技术水平,确保家禽生产的健康发展,保障养殖户的养殖效益,在本文中,简单谈谈家禽传染病综合防治方面的技术措施。     

家禽免疫接种技术及注意事项

免疫在家禽疫病防治中发挥着至关重要的作用,有效的免疫接种能够控制家禽传染病。本文就家禽免疫接种技术及注意事项谈几点看法。     

家禽传染病的流行特点与防治对策

家禽传染病多种多样,在家禽养殖过程中,不可避免地会发生疾病。根据其传染病的流行特点来制定对应的防治措施,有利于家禽的健康生长。本文主要阐述家禽主要的传染病流行特点以及家禽疫病防控的对策,以期为家禽的健康养殖提供参考与借鉴。     

家禽常见传染病的预防与控制

正随着我国养殖业的发展,家禽饲养业由于饲养历史久,投资成本低等特点,受到广大养殖户的喜爱。家禽业的规模逐渐扩大,家禽常见传染病也就逐步增加,在一定程度上对家禽饲养业的发展起到限制作用。由于家禽业对温度和光照强度要求较高,需要在管理上加以控制,做好免疫程序规划,减少疾病发生的可能性。1家禽常见传染病1.1家禽常见传染病原因家禽传染病的流行原因分为外部环境和家禽自身机能两个方面,其中外部环境的因素为主要     

家禽传染病防治的综合性措施

在家禽饲养中,传染病的流行往往会造成家禽的大批发病和死亡,从而给畜牧业生产造成巨大的损失。因此,传染病的防治工作也就成为制约畜牧业发展的关键环节。 家禽饲养中,传染病有其自     

浅析家禽传染病防治的综合性对策

正家禽养殖过程中最害怕遇到各类传染性疾病,不同传染性疾病均会不同程度给养殖户带来经济损失,轻则影响家禽生长,严重的可引起家禽死亡。通过加强对家禽传染病的防治,最大程度降低家禽患病风险,维护养殖户的经济利益,本文主要对家禽传染病防治综合对策问题进行分析。1 家禽传染病发生原因明确家禽传染病发病原因是进行综合预防的前提,根据当前对家禽传染病的病因分析,其主要包括以下方面。1.1 人员因素部分家禽养殖人员缺乏专业知识,认为家禽     

家禽传染病防治的综合性措施

在家禽饲养中，传染病的流行往往会造成家禽的大批发病和死亡，从而给畜牧业生产造成巨大的损失。因此，传染病的防治工作也就成为制约畜牧业发展的关键环节。家禽饲养中，传染病有其自身的特点。     

家禽传染病流行特点与防治对策

<正>1家禽传染病的发生特点家禽传染病与其他动物传染病一样,具备一定的潜伏期和临床症状,除此之外,由于家禽特殊的生理特性和现代养禽业特殊的管理方式,使得家禽疫病的发生发展有其自身的特点。1.1家禽传染病多为全身感染家禽肺脏很小,但连接很多气囊,这些气囊分布于体内各个部位,通过空气传播的病原体可沿呼吸道进入肺和气囊,从而进入体腔、肌肉和骨骼中。家禽在胸腔和腹腔之间没有横隔膜。家禽的淋巴系统发育不完善,鸡仅有散在的淋巴     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.