Neoplastic transformation of hamster astrocytes in vitro by simian virus 40 and polyoma virus

Astrocytes in cultures of brain cells from fetal or newborn hamsters undergo neoplastic transformation after infection with simian virus 40 or polyoma virus. Subcutaneous or intracerebral inoculation of the transformed brain cells into newborn or adult hamsters produces progressively enlarging astrocytomas at the sites of injection. Astrocytomas produced by polyomatransformed cell lines are histologically better differentiated, but grow more rapidly and metastasize more frequently, than astrocytomas produced by cell lines transformed by simian virus 40. These observations make available in vitro models of virus-induced oncogenesis in astrocytes and provide simple techniques for obtaining astrocytoma cell lines suitable for screening studies of chemical agents effective against astrocytomas.     

Neoplastic transformation in vitro of hamster lens epithelium by simian virus 40

Hamster lens epithelium infected with simian virus 40 underwent transformation in vitro and produced tumors when injected into homologous hosts. Undisturbed lens epithelium in man and experimental animals has not been observed to undergo neoplastic change. The virus-induced tumors contained undifferentiated cells that were either polygonal or spindle-shaped. Their origin from lens epithelium seems certain since it is possible to isolate this unique structure free of connective tissue and blood vessels.     

Morphological transformation in vitro of human fibroblasts by Epstein-Barr virus: preliminary observations

Human embryo fibroblasts have undergone morphological transformation in vitro after infection by Epstein-Barr virus. The fibroblasts were maintained in suspension during exposure to the virus, and further treatment with inactivated Sendai virus increased the transformation rate. The transformed cells were large and polygonal and grew in discrete, heaped up, foci.     

Tolerance induced by thymic epithelial grafts in birds

Grafts of the anterior limb bud introduced at embryonic day 4 between histoincompatible chick embryos were subject to chronic, mild rejection beginning from several weeks to several months after birth. In contrast, quail wing buds similarly grafted into chickens started to be rejected at the first or second week after birth and finally autoamputated. Embryonic thymus epithelium from donor quail (before it had been colonized by hemopoietic cells) was grafted into chicks. A chimeric thymic epithelial stroma was generated in which the lymphocytes of the chick acquired the capacity to recognize the grafted limb as self either permanently or for a protracted period of time. In such thymic chimeras the grafted wings were not rejected.     

Heterogeneity of murine leukemia virus in vitro DNA; detection of viral DNA in mammalian cells

Kinetic analysis of the reassociation of DNA synthesized in vitro by a murine leukemia virus DNA polymerase revealed two classes of double-stranded product representative of 25 and 100 percent of viral genetic information. The DNA product representing the smaller portion of the viral genome comprised 85 percent of the double-stranded DNA generated in vitro and was extensively duplicated in the genomes of both normal cells and cells containing RNA tumor virus.     

Chromosome abnormality in rat leukemia induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

A high percentage of consistent chromosome abnormality, trisomy of the longest telocentric chromosome, was found in leukemias induced in rats of the Long-Evans strain by pulse doses of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Cells with this abnormality were large, immature, and mononuclear and tended toward erythroblastic maturation.     

Murine leukemia virus: high-frequency activation in vitro by 5-iododeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridine

Cells of embryos of the high leukemic mouse strain AKR can be grown in culture as virus-negative cell lines. However, these lines and clonal sublines uniformly have the capacity to initiate synthesis of murine leukemia virus. Exposure of the cells to 5-iododeoxyuridine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine induced synthesis of virus in as high as 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the cells; many of the cells were producing virus as soon as 3 days after initiation of treatment. Induction of virus by these drugs is several orders of magnitude greater than that obtained with any other treatment tested. These studies indicate that the full genome of murine leukemia virus is present in an unexpressed form in all AKR cells and provide a potentially powerful technique for activating leukemia virus genomes in other cell systems.     

Sexual dimorphism of rat cells in vitro

Large peripheral chromocenters occurred in about 10 percent of the nuclei of female rat cells grown in vitro but occurred on the average in less than 1 percent of the nuclei of male cells. Similar chromocenters occurred in hamster and mouse nuclei in vitro, but no clear-cut sexual difference was demonstrable.     

二甲基苯蒽诱导山羊乳腺上皮细胞体外转化研究

分别用5,10和15μg／mL二甲基苯蒽(DMBA)的完全培养液处理体外培养的山羊乳腺上皮细胞36, 24和12 h,再以25 ng／mL佛波酯(TPA)作用2周,研究DMBA和TPA对山羊乳腺上皮细胞的诱导转化作用,确定最佳诱导转化条件,探讨二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,用含15μg／mL DMBA的完全培养液培养12 h,再用TPA连续作用4 d,几乎无山羊乳腺上皮细胞存活,10μg／mL DMBA培养24 h转化效果较差,5μg／mL DMBA培养36 h转化效果最佳;转化的山羊乳腺上皮细胞体积增大、核浓缩、生长排列紊乱、无规则并出现转化灶; DMSO对细胞生长有抑制作用．随培养时间延长抑制作用减弱。试验初步建立了乳腺上皮细胞的体外转化系统。     

Neoplastic transformation of human epidermal keratinocytes by AD12-SV40 and Kirsten sarcoma viruses

Recent investigations have begun to dissect the number and nature of genetic alterations associated with cancer cells. In the present study, primary human epidermal keratinocytes acquired indefinite life-span in culture but did not undergo malignant conversion in response to infection with a hybrid of adenovirus 12 and simian virus 40. Addition of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, which contains a K-ras oncogene, to these cells induced morphological alterations associated with the acquisition of neoplastic properties. These findings demonstrate the malignant transformation of human primary epithelial cells in culture and support a multiple-step process for neoplastic conversion.     

Parathyroid hormone production in vitro by human parathyroid cells transformed by Simian virus 40

Cells froma human parathyroid adenoma were infected with simian virus 40 and maintained through 13 subcultures in monolayer tissue culture. For more than 9 months, these "transformed" cells contimed to produce parathyroid hormone which was identified by radioimmunoassay and density-gradient ultra centrifugation.     

Cellular transformation by human papillomavirus DNA in vitro

Molecularly cloned DNA's of human papillomaviruses HPV-5 and HPV-l induced morphological transformation of mouse C127 cells in culture. Single-cell clones of cells transformed by papillomavirus contained multiple persistent episomal copies of the transfected DNA species and were analyzed for growth characteristics indicating malignant potential.     

Neoplastic conversion of human keratinocytes by adenovirus 12-SV40 virus and chemical carcinogens

Efforts to investigate the progression of events that lead human cells of epithelial origin to become neoplastic in response to carcinogenic agents have been aided by the development of tissue culture systems for propagation of epithelial cells. In the present study, nontumorigenic human epidermal keratinocytes immortalized by adenovirus 12 and simian virus 40 (Ad 12-SV40) were transformed by treatment with the chemical carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Such transformants showed morphological alterations and induced carcinomas when transplanted into nude mice, whereas primary human epidermal keratinocytes treated with these chemical carcinogens failed to show any evidence of transformation. This in vitro system may be useful in assessing environmental carcinogens for human epithelial cells and in detecting new human oncogenes.     

Murine leukemia virus: restriction in fused permissive and nonpermissive cells

Cultures of human cells nonpermissive for mouse leukemia virus replication could not be induced to support virus replication by homologous fusion in the presence of Moloney leukemia virus. Human cells were also fused with permissive mouse cells, and the fate of the virus in heterokaryons was determined by a simultaneous autoradiography and fluorescent antibody technique. Heterokaryons containing the full chromosome complement of both cells were likewise nonpermissive for virus synthesis, but hybrids of human and mouse cells, which lacked up to half of the human chromosome complement, were permissive for virus synthesis. The results suggest that human cell genes can direct a repressive control over mouse leukemia virus replication.     

Mouse leukemia virus activation by chemical carcinogens

The induction of lymphomas in C57BL mice by methylcholanthrene, urethan, or diethylnitrosamine was accompanied by the development of murine leukemia viral antigen in most of the lymphoid tumors. The cell-free transmission of lymphomas induced by methylcholanthrene and the development of antibody to murine leukemia virus prior to the detection of overt lymphoma in these mice suggest that unmasking of a latent leukemia virus is an indigenous actuating cause of the lymphomas.     

乳鼠心肌细胞的体外三维培养

【目的】探讨应用PLGA泡沫支架材料,在体外建造组织工程化心肌组织的可行性。【方法】采用顺序消化及差速贴壁法分离纯化乳鼠心肌细胞,将分离所得的心肌细胞接种于PLGA多孔支架材料上,观测复合体内心肌细胞的生长状况、超微结构、细胞代谢率及细胞组分的变化,并将其与正常心肌和二维培养的心肌细胞进行比较。【结果】复合体内的细胞具有心肌细胞的特殊超微结构,免疫组化显示其中的α-横纹肌肌动蛋白染色呈强阳性,与二维培养的细胞相比,细胞代谢更加旺盛。【结论】采用组织工程技术有可能在体外培育出组织工程化心肌组织。     

猪圆环病毒2型体外诱导RAW264.7细胞氧化应激模型的建立

[目的]探讨猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染量、感染时间与被感染RAW264.7细胞活性氧水平动态变化的相关性,为建立RAW264.7细胞氧化胁迫体外模型提供参考依据.[方法]PCV2原液调至5×106/mL,经10、102、103和104倍稀释(10-1、10-2、10-3和10-4释度)后,感染作用RAW264.7细胞2h,弃病毒液,加入含5% FBS的DMEM培养液继续培养,分别于第4、8、12、24和48 h收集细胞上清液或细胞,测定一氧化氮(NO)、活性氧自由基(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)等指标.[结果]10-1PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞后能有效升高细胞NO、ROS水平,降低细胞GSH水平和GSH/GSSG,升高细胞XOD、MPO和iNOS活性,表明以10-1pcv2感染RAW264.7细胞一定程度上能改变细胞氧化还原状态,诱导细胞产生氧化应激.[结论]PCV2感染能诱导RAW264.7细胞发生氧化应激,并确立10-1 PCV2(5× 105/mL)体外感染RAW264.7细胞4~24 h是建立RAW264.7细胞氧化胁迫模型的最佳条件.     

Viral neoplastic transformation of hamster pineal cells in vitro: retention of enzymatic function

Cultures of hamster pineal tissue infected with certain oncogenic DNA viruses undergo neoplastic transformation and produce tumors when injected into homologous hosts. Hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase, an enzyme found exclusively in the pineal gland, is present in low concentrations in transformed pineal cells in vitro and in larger amounts in tumors produced by the injected cells. This enzyme is not present in several nonpineal tissues similarly transformed.