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为了研究纳米水处理对小麦×玉米中单倍体诱导效率的影响,将4个小麦基因型与1个玉米基因型进行杂交,杂交后用两种不同的2,4-D溶液(溶剂分别为纳米水和普通水)处理杂交穗.结果表明,纳米水处理的平均诱导效率明显优于对照处理.两种处理的子房膨大率分别为67.43%和61.11%;得胚效率分别为3.89%和2.61%;胚萌发率分别为48.87%和37.50%;单倍体植株获得率分别为28.77%和1.79%;单倍体植株获得效率分别为1.11%和0.11%.t测验结果表明,纳米水处理的单倍体植株获得率和获得效率显著高于对照.由此可见,纳米水处理在小麦×玉米远缘杂交中能明显提高小麦单倍体诱导效率. 相似文献
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槲皮素(QCT)是一种类黄酮化合物,具有较强的抗氧化、抗炎等作用,在热带植物界中广泛存在。但由于槲皮素溶解度低、稳定性差,因此限制了其在食品、医药中的应用。本研究以脱氧胆酸(DA)为疏水基团,N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)作为亲水基团合成了一种新型两亲性壳聚糖(ACS),并制备了两亲性壳聚糖槲皮素纳米胶束(ACS-QNMs)。结果表明,傅里叶红外光谱分析证明DA和NAC已成功接枝到壳聚糖上,荧光分光光度计测定空白胶束的临界胶束浓度值(CMC)为26.92μg/mL,扫描电镜观察纳米载药胶束外观呈球形且分布均匀。纳米粒度电位分析仪测定纳米胶束电位为31 mV。研究表明,槲皮素经两性壳聚糖包埋后,能在人体温度37℃下缓慢释放,同时在室温下稳定储存。 相似文献
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玉米大斑病暴发流行对玉米产量和性状表征的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
2012年8月中旬~9月中旬,对吉林省大斑病危害玉米性状表征和产量损失情况进行调查,并对发生严重的梨树、双辽、长岭、农安4个县市5个乡镇的玉米田进行产量损失研究。结果表明,2012年大斑病发生级别较往年同期提高了3~5级,大斑病暴发流行对玉米性状表征和产量造成较大的影响,受害玉米子粒不饱满,果穗短而细,秃尖程度严重。调查田块大斑病发生严重的地块产量损失率24.19%~46.15%,因此,建立品种、机械化、药剂和宣传为一体的防治体系是做好大斑病防治工作的关键。 相似文献
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1996年,采用穗期施化学氮肥(不同施用量)、冬作豌豆采收后豆苗压青作绿肥和生长激素(生多素)处理,结果认为三种措施配合的效应较好,有增产作用。绿肥压青主要通过增加穗长和行粒数对产量起作用;生多素宜配合施用。在土壤肥力较高的情况下,单一处理效应不显著。 相似文献
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玉米花丝和穗轴中可溶性糖、淀粉变化规律的研究 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
在一般大田环境中,控制玉米果穗的授粉情况,研究果穗在套袋和自然授粉时可溶性糖和淀粉在花丝和穗轴中的变化情况。结果表明:花丝和穗轴中的可溶性糖、淀粉浓度均呈单峰变化,可溶性糖以及花丝中淀粉浓度峰值出现在吐丝后第5天,而穗轴中的淀粉浓度峰值出现时间提前2天。花丝不同部位间可溶性糖浓度由基部向顶部依次下降。而积累量随着生育进程的推进而上升,但后期花丝中的物质含量相对稳定。从总体来说,无论套袋还是自然授粉的果穗,各物质变化趋势一致,但后期授粉果穗的可溶性糖和淀粉积累量高于套袋果穗。 相似文献
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以7个糯玉米品种为材料,分离糯玉米大、小淀粉粒,以不同重量比的大、小淀粉粒配比组成重组淀粉,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)研究重组淀粉的热力学和晶体特性。结果表明,7个糯玉米品种按大、小淀粉粒配比的重组淀粉起始温度、峰值指数、热焓值和结晶度及各个衍射峰的尖峰强度整体上表现为3:02:11:11:20:3配比;峰值温度、终值温度和糊化范围整体上表现为3:02:11:11:20:3配比。相关分析发现,7个糯玉米品种重组淀粉中大淀粉粒所占比例与起始温度(r=0.86~0.99)、热焓值(r=0.90~0.97)、峰值指数(黑糯4号除外,r=0.90~0.99)及结晶度(r=0.86~0.98)均呈(极)显著正相关;与峰值温度(西星黄糯6号除外,r=-0.88~-0.98)、终值温度(r=-0.89~-0.97)和糊化范围(r=-0.86~-0.98)呈(极)显著负相关;小淀粉粒所占比例恰好相反。重组淀粉中大淀粉粒比例越高,淀粉糊化起始温度、峰值指数、热焓值及结晶度越高;峰值温度、终值温度和糊化范围越低。 相似文献
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淀粉是小麦籽粒中的主要成份,与中国传统食品(如面条、馒头等)的加工品质关系极为密切。目前淀粉品质的研究相对薄弱。本文综述了小麦淀粉合成关键酶、灌浆期间淀粉合成酶的变化与调控、灌浆期间淀粉的积累动态、淀粉特性及其农艺调控措施、淀粉特性与面食加工品质的关系等,以促进对小麦淀粉品质的了解和深入研究,为相关领域研究人员提供有益的参考信息。 相似文献
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Preparation and Properties of Nylon 4/6 Copolymer Nanofibers Containing Silver-Zeolite Nanoparticles
Nylon 4/6 copolymer has desirable properties, such as high affinity to water and good tensile strength. These properties originate from the characteristics of nylon 4 and nylon 6. Zeolite is a good adsorptive material that has many pores in its structure and the ability to capture metallic ions. As a multifunctional additive, silver-ion-loaded zeolite nanoparticles were used to increase the moisture regain and impart antimicrobial properties to the nylon 4/6 copolymer. A nylon 4/6 nanofiber web was prepared by electrospinning from a polymer solution containing silver zeolite nanoparticles. The moisture regain of the nylon 4/6 nanofiber web increased with increasing amount of silver zeolite added. The web showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, the nylon 4/6 nanofiber web could be a good material for wound healing dressings and high functional medical filters. 相似文献
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Flow properties, clarity and composition of concentrates (retentates) and clarified syrup (permeates) obtained by membrane microfiltration of saccharified corn starch hydrolysate were determined. Clarified syrup (permeate) had low color and no suspended solids at all volume concentration ratios (VCRs) up to 100 X. The color and suspended solids in the concentrate increased linearly with increase in volume concentration ratio. Viscosity of the concentrates increased at higher VCR, but the viscosity of permeates remained essentially unchanged. The densities of all retentates and permeates were not significantly different from each other. Dextrose content of retentates and permeates at all VCRs did not change significantly during the microfiltration, averaging 28·90±1·01% w/w. Total solids, nitrogen, fat and ash content of the retentates increased with increase in VCR. In contrast, total solids, nitrogen, fat and ash of the permeates remained the same for all VCRs, averaging 29·44, 0·011, 0·07 and 0·042% respectively. 相似文献
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以正常胞质的湘农甜玉2号和不育胞质的C型湘农甜玉2号为研究对象,探讨不同胞质效应的甜玉米子粒在授粉后不同天数可溶性糖积累规律及其与淀粉含量等的变化关系。结果表明,不同胞质类型的甜玉米子粒在授粉后30 d时可溶性糖含量均达最大值,且不育胞质C型湘农甜玉2号的子粒糖含量比正常胞质湘农甜玉2号高1个百分点;湘农甜玉2号子粒可溶性蛋白含量高于C型湘农甜玉2号子粒0.2 mg/g;不育胞质的甜玉米子粒总淀粉含量比正常胞质的子粒淀粉含量高2%。两种类型的甜玉米子粒可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物与子粒总淀粉含量在授粉第30 d时呈显著负相关和极显著负相关。 相似文献
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高淀粉玉米及其开发利用 总被引:19,自引:3,他引:19
本文依据淀粉玉米的营养特点,系统地总结了高淀粉玉米在食品、医药等方面的广泛用途,分析了种植高淀粉玉米的经济效益,提出了高淀粉玉米的育种方法,试图推动我国的高淀粉玉米育种工作。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》1998,27(2):147-155
The effects of processing on starch gelatinisation of corn masa prepared by extrusion were monitored by observing the changes in thermal diffusivity, starch crystallinity, peak viscosity and the differential dissipation factor (DDF). The results show that there is a threshold processing temperature (Tc), about 80 °C, above and below which different behaviour patterns for the measured properties are observed. The thermal diffusivity, starch crystallinity and the position of a peak in the DDF have a maximum at approximately Tc=80 °C. The peak viscosity decreases monotonically for Tc up to 80 °C and then remains constant. On the bases of textural characteristics of masa and tortilla, this work indicates that the degree of starch gelatinisation in the extruded masa is optimum at temperatures at approximately 80 °C where the room temperature thermal diffusivity and differential dissipation factors have maximum values. Textural analysis made in tortillas with masas prepared at various temperatures support the above conclusions. 相似文献