小麦品系多Ⅱ多子房性状的遗传分析

为了解小麦多子房性状的遗传特性。为多子房性状在小麦高产育种及杂种小麦选育中的应用提供科学依据，将多子房小麦品系多Ⅱ分别与4个普通小麦正反杂交，F1自交并与单子房普通小麦回交得到F1和BC1群体。结果表明，F1全为多子房植株，F2分离，且多子房植株与单子房植株分离比例适合于3：1；BC1分离，其多子房植株与单子房植株分离比例适合于1：1，说明供试小麦多Ⅱ的多子房性状是由1对显性核基因控制的。     

小麦农艺性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析

为明确小麦重要农艺性状的遗传组成,并筛选适于QTL的性状,以西农817和中国春为亲本,构建F2、F3群体,采用P1、P2、F1、F2、F3五世代联合分析方法,研究了株高、有效分蘖、小穗数、穗粒数、穗长、穗下节间距、小穗着生密度等产量相关性状的遗传模型.结果表明,7个性状不仅受基因的控制,同时也受到不同程度的环境影响.其中,穗长、穗粒数符合多基因遗传模型,无主基因存在;株高、小穗数、小穗着生密度符合一对加显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型;穗下节间距符合一对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型;有效分蘖符合一对负向完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型.     

大麦抽穗期及其它农艺性状的遗传分析

用四个六棱大麦品种的三组杂交对出穗期，分蘖数，株高，籽粒产量，粒重和饱秕粒进行了遗传分析。每个杂交的Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｆ１，Ｆ２，ＢＣ１和ＢＣ２于１９８２年被种植在美国Ｎｏｒｔｈ Ｄａｋｏｔａ的Ｆｏｒｇｏ和Ｐｒｏｓｐｅｒ两个地方，并且给予了评价。队季分蘖数外，杂交内亲本平均值一般是不同的。各代之间比较表明，晚出穗相对虫出穗显性；高粒重相对低粒重显性；籽粒的饱满度受加性基因作用。     

冬小麦品质与产量性状的遗传分析

为了选育高产优质小麦新品种,选用黄淮南片大面积推广的5个高产小麦品种与5个优质小麦品种,采用5×5不完全双列杂交方法配制25个杂交组合,对冬小麦主要农艺性状和品质性状的配合力和遗传力进行了分析。结果表明,株高、主茎穗长、单穗粒数、单株产量的遗传均受加性和非加性基因共同控制,单株穗数主要由非加性基因控制,沉淀值主要由加性基因控制。株高、主茎穗长、单株产量和沉淀值的广义和狭义遗传力均较高,宜在早代选择。内乡188、豫展1号、豫麦34多数性状的一般配合力都较高,是理想的亲本材料,应在今后育种中重点利用。     

多小叶大豆种质

对三份多小叶大豆种质进行评价,结果表明：三份多小叶种质的小叶数分别占大豆总叶片数的46．7％、75．3％、68．2％。多小叶的小叶数以5小叶居多,分别占总叶片数的30．6％、21．1％、31．1％。三份多小叶种质的农艺及产量性状较好,蛋白质含量高,中抗大豆灰斑病及病毒病,是优异的大豆种质资源。     

烤烟品种主要农艺性状的遗传分析

选用12个烤烟品种(系),对烤烟主要农艺性状进行了广义遗传力的估算和相关分析.结果表明:产量遗传力最高为97.54%,有效叶数遗传力相对较低为74.44%,各性状遗传力的大小依次为产是、叶宽、茎围、株高、节间距、叶长、有效叶数.表型变异系数均大于遗传变异系数.产量的遗传变异系数最大,为17.59%;而叶片的长度、宽度、有效叶数及茎围,都与产量呈正相关,只有节间距与产量呈负相关.     

黑糯玉米主要品质性状的遗传分析

以国内外收集的8个黑糯玉米自交系为材料,采用不完全双列杂交法,分析黑糯玉米子粒主要品质性状的遗传规律。结果表明:脂肪和硒含量的遗传以非加性效应为主,蛋白质和维生素E含量的遗传中,加性、非加性效应共同起作用;F1与母本脂肪含量、维生素E含量均呈极显著正相关,F1脂肪含量与硒含量的遗传相关达正向显著水平。     

玉米雄穗性状的遗传分析

以Kei9103等8个玉米自交系为亲本,按照双列设计组配一套不包括反交的组合,对雄穗分枝数、雄穗长和雄穗重进行遗传分析.Wr依Vr回归、(Wr+Vr)和(Wr—Vr)方差分析表明,三个性状的遗传效应中皆存在加性、显性和上位性效应,但去掉偏离回归直线的亲本后,在6×6亚双列中三个性状的遗传皆符合加性——显性模型.在三个性状中,多分枝对少分枝是不完全显性,长雄穗对短雄穗和重雄穗对轻雄穗是超显性.雄穗分枝数、雄穗长、雄穗重的遗传分别涉及到18、20、22个基因位点.在亲本显隐性基因的分布上,Ki21具有雄穗分枝数和雄穗重的隐性基因最多,具有雄穗长的显性基因最多;Kei9103具有雄穗分枝数的显性基因最多,具有雄穗长的隐性基因最多;KS23—1—4具有雄穗重的显性基因最多.     

粳稻6108白叶突变性状的遗传分析及农艺性状表现

用自然产生的粳稻白叶突变体6108及其衍生品系和绿叶品种杂交。FI均表现为绿色。说明白叶突变性状为核隐性遗传。F2,BF1中出现绿叶和白叶的分离，10个组合F2代绿叶植株与白叶植株的分离符合321的分离比。3个组合BFt的分离符合111的分离比。说明粳稻6108白叶突变体受一对隐性基因控制。对该白叶突变体的农艺性状观察表明．白叶性状对营养生长的负面影响主要表现在前期．随生育进程影响逐渐减少。对产量影响较小。     

多小叶源对大豆光合特性和产量的影响

以多小叶大豆品系牡5796-3为材料,设置在不同生育时期摘除多的2片小叶,共5个处理,研究了多小叶源对大豆光合特性和产量的影响.结果表明:各处理R6期的叶绿素含量差异不显著;全生育期不摘叶处理的光合速率、单株叶面积、叶面积指数、单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒重均明显高于全生育期摘除多的2片叶的对照处理,因此,产量明显高于对照.总之,由于多小叶大豆品系具有良好的农艺性状和产量表现,可做育种亲本加以利用.     

大豆对SMV1号株系的抗性遗传分析及抗病基因的SSR标记

定,结果表明：F1在接种后表现抗病,F2群体分离比例为3 (抗)∶1 (感),对F2衍生的F2∶3家系接种鉴定,纯合抗病家系、抗感分离家系和纯合感病家系的比率符合1∶2∶1,表明东农93-046对SMV1号株系的抗性由一对显性基因（RSMV1）控制。并利用东农93-046（R）×Conrad（S）的正反交组合F2进行抗性鉴定,结果正反交后代均表现为3∶1的分离比例,无细胞质效应,进一步证明了东农93-046是受一对基因控制的抗性种质。经改良的分离群体组群分析法研究发现,东农93-046抗SMV1的位点（RSMV1）位于F连锁群上,与SSR标记的连锁顺序为HSP176、Satt114、RSMV1、Satt510、Sct_033、Satt334、Satt362,连锁距离分别为6.6cM、4.3cM、RSMV1、6.6cM、5.1cM、6.3cM、17.3cM.。根据标记HSP176选择基因型纯合和杂合的抗病植株,其符合率分别达到100.0%和94.5%。     

Evaluation of selected food characteristics of three advanced lines of Nigerian soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

The seeds of three promising advanced lines of soybeans (TGx 923-2^EN, TGx 1019-2^EN and TGx 1497-1^D) which were part of a larger collection evaluated in agronomic field trials in Nigeria were selected for characterization of physicochemical properties, chemical composition, water absorption, cooking time and cooked texture as a function of soaking and cooking. Seed density, leached solids, swelling capacity and seed coat percentage were within a range of 1.15 to 1.26 g per ml, 1.00 to 1.26 g per 100 g, 80.25 to 84.35 g per 100 g and 6.6 to 10.1% w/w of dry beans, respectively. The total polyphenol content of the cream colored beans was similar (0.75 to 0.76 mg/g) but higher than the amount (0.60 mg/g) found in the white beans. Cooking times varied between 71 and 96 min without soaking and were reduced by about 32.0% following a presoaking treatment in water for 12 hours at room temperature (28±1°C). Small seeds absorbed higher amounts of water during soaking and required less cooking time than larger seeds. Unsoaked beans required 40 min of cooking to achieve the same degree of cooked texture as the soaked beans cooked for 20 min, suggesting that cooking times and cooked texture for all lines were improved through soaking.     

大豆产量改良中生物量、收获指数的研究及展望

生物量和收获指数是作物产量品种改良中的重要性状,本文对大豆生物量、收获指数以及与腚生物量密切相关的光合性状(光合速率、叶面积和光合时间)的研究现状作了综述,并对应用分子标记技术研究生物量和收获指数的前景作了展望.     

野生大豆荚粒相关性状QTL定位

利用复合区间作图法和混合线性模型复合区间作图法,对野生大豆江浦野生豆-5和栽培大豆南农06-17所得的F2∶3家系(2008、2009年)及F2∶4家系(2009年)的单株有效荚数、单株粒重、百粒重3个荚粒相关性状进行QTL分析。结果表明:复合区间作图法检测到27个QTL,混合线性模型复合区间作图法检测到18个加性显性QTL和13对上位性QTL,2种方法共同检测到17个QTL,其中12个QTL(qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1、qSWP-La-1、qSWP-Lb-1、qSW-B1-1、qSW-B2-1、qSW-D1b-1、qSW-H-1、qSW-H-2、qSW-I-2、qSW-Lb-1和qSW-Ma-1)在2 a或2个世代稳定表达,qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1和qSWP-Lb-1的增效等位基因来源于野生大豆。研究结果为野生大豆优异等位基因的发掘、栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽以及大豆产量分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。     

大豆种子抗老化鉴定的方法研究

选用遗传差异相对较大的皖豆24、皖豆25(杂交品种)及合豆3号的种子,在温度为40℃、湿度为85%的条件下老化处理4、8和12 d,研究加速老化过程中不同基因型大豆种子成苗率、发芽率、电导率及单株幼苗干重的变化规律。结果表明:随着加速老化时间的延长种子活力下降;加速老化处理8 d,3个品种的各项鉴定指标均发生改变:品种的成苗率、发芽率及单株幼苗干重显著降低,电导率明显升高,且品种间有显著差异;发芽率和成苗率的变化在品种间具有一致性,电导率、单株幼苗干重的变化和成苗率品种间一致性较差;成苗率和发芽率的相关性最高(r=0.972**)。利用国家大豆微核心种质中的91份资源对老化鉴定方法进行验证,结果在温度为40℃,湿度为85%条件下老化8 d的种子发芽率及老化指数与在自然条件下老化15个月的发芽率及老化指数极显著相关(r=0.943**,0.716**)。综合分析认为,温度为40℃,湿度为85%条件下老化处理8 d,以种子发芽率为活力鉴定指标可作为大豆种子抗老化性的鉴定方法。     

大豆中GmKAB1基因的克隆和信息学分析

为探讨GmKAB1在大豆处于低钾胁迫下的表达水平,以大豆钾高效品系油06-71和钾敏感型品系衡春04-11为试验材料,设置低钾胁迫试验,分别在处理后0.5h、2h、6h、12h、3d、6d、9d和12d取样提取RNA,利用Real time-PCR检测各时间段GmKAB1基因的表达量。结果显示GmKAB1基因在地下部分表达比地上部持续时间更长,地下部相对表达倍数最高为3.5,较地上部相对表达倍数更高。克隆目的基因并对基因序列进行同源性及生物信息学分析,结果表明,与GmKAB1基因相似性在30%以上的同源基因有45个,GmKAB1在进化树中的位置与Glyma20g19000最近;GmKAB1编码蛋白为稳定的可溶性蛋白,具有2个保守结构域,多个磷酸化位点,表明在受到低钾胁迫后该基因编码的β亚基与α亚基结合调控电压门控钾离子通道,对大豆从根部获取钾离子可能起着关键作用。     

大豆7S球蛋白亚基与脂氧酶双缺失性状遗传解析

7S球蛋白是大豆最主要的过敏原蛋白,大豆脂氧酶是大豆腥臭味产生的源泉,两者均是大豆食品深加工过程中有必要去除的成分。本研究以7S球蛋白的?¢、?、?-亚基完全缺失的“1003-44”为母本,以脂氧酶Lox-1,2,3完全缺失的“SI0162”为父本,配制杂交组合,通过基因聚合育种技术,创制出7S球蛋白亚基与脂氧酶同时缺失大豆新种质资源,并分别对F1和F2种子进行遗传解析。结果表明：F1（1003-44×SI0162）种子表型性状,表现为7S球蛋白亚基缺失、脂氧酶不缺失性状;F2种子表型性状显示：7S球蛋白亚基缺失:野生型=375:125=3:1（X2（0.05,1）=0.0964<3.84）,F2种子脂氧酶缺失性状的分离比为Lox-1,2,3野生型:Lox-3缺失:Lox-1,2缺失:Lox-1,2,3缺失=282:96:93:27,符合9:3:3:1的独立分配定律（X2（0.05,3）=0.6275<7.81）。说明7S球蛋白亚基缺失性状受1对显性等位基因控制,脂氧酶3个同工酶同时缺失,受lx1lx2与lx3,2个隐性等位基因位点控制。利用ISDS-PAGE电泳技术对F2及F2:7种子双缺失性状的连续跟踪筛选,获得了脂氧酶与7S球蛋白亚基双重缺失、并可稳定遗传的优良品系2个,说明这种双缺失基因聚合不影响大豆的正常生长发育,为大豆品质遗传改良育种提供理论技术支持,对培育食品加工专用高值大豆新品种具有重要意义。     

Isoflavonoid Accumulation Pattern as Affected by Shading from Maize in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

Soybean is the most common resource of isoflavonoid in human food. Wide development of relay strip intercropped soybean has contributed to the soybean industry in China. Due to the shading from maize, growth and grain production of soybean is reduced. However, whether soybean isoflavonoid accumulation pattern is influenced in the relay strip intercropping system is still unclear. Here, we studied the accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones in the relay strip intercropping system and sole cropping system at the per-harvest stage. The accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones at the postharvest stage were also studied. The results indicated that accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones of all varieties in leaf and seed in the two systems were similar, but the trend was delayed in the relay strip intercropping system compared with the sole cropping system. During the pod filling stage, the total content of isoflavone, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed in the relay strip intercropping system were lower than those in the sole cropping system. During the after-ripening period, seed isoflavone content, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed increased in both systems, but were higher in the relay strip intercropping system. The temperature and photosynthetically active radiation were significantly lower in relay intercropping than in sole cropping, while relative humidity showed the opposite trend. Path analysis showed that total isoflavone content in leaves and seeds showed a significantly positive correlation with temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, but significantly negative correlation with relative humidity. Correlation analysis between the highest isoflavone content in sole cropping or relay intercropping seeds and agronomic traits revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of both branches and pods with total isoflavone, M-type isoflavone and G-type isoflavone in both systems.     

即墨野生大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因的克隆及序列分析

为了从分子水平上解析野生大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的特异性,应用RT-PCR方法从即墨野生大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc)中扩增出胰蛋白酶抑制剂两种编码基因Kunitz型(KTI,654 bp)及Bowman-Birk型(BBI,357 bp)的基因全长序列,并对两个基因序列做生物信息学分析。分别登录到Gen Bank Accession No.AB112031.1和Accession No.AB081833.1并进行同源性鉴定,证明这两个基因为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因家族中的成员。结果表明:即墨野生大豆的KTI基因与野生大豆(Glycine soja,No.AB308134.1)、大豆(Glycine max,No.EF541136.1)的KTI基因序列同源性都为99%,具有6个保守基序;BBI基因与野生大豆(Glycine soja,No.AB081834.1)、大豆(Glycine max,NM_001250058.3)BBI基因序列同源性均为99%,具有5个保守基序,通过二级、三级结构分析发现与栽培大豆有着明显的差别。     

Stability analysis of seven agronomic traits for soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Tokachi nagaha and its derived cultivars using the AMMI model

The stabilities of seven agronomic traits were analyzed and the general stabilities of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions were evaluated based on the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model using the founder parent Tokachi nagaha and 137 of its derived cultivars as materials. The objective was to provide a theoretical basis for effectively using germplasm in soybean breeding and production. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interactions were significantly different for each trait. The first three interaction principal components axes (IPCA) were highly significant, accounting for 61.28–70.00% of the total variation. The stability differed for the different traits. 50 cultivars with high general stabilities were identified. The general stability of Tokachi nagaha was moderate, as the stability coefficients (D_i) of its seven traits were relatively high; this must be considered by breeders using this cultivar as a breeding parent. There were significant positive correlations between the phenotypic values and their own D_i values for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant. This would lead to the expectation that the phenotypic stability would be lower when a cultivar had more branches, pods, seeds, and high per plant yields. Thus, it appears difficult to breed cultivars that simultaneously have high yields and high stability.