十二份杧果种质亲缘关系的SRAP分析

以12份杧果种质为试材,利用SRAP分子标记技术对其进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明:从36对引物中筛选出22对多态性好的引物,共扩增出251条DNA条带,其中多态性谱带181条,平均每对引物扩增得到15.08条多态性谱带,多态性比率为72.11%。UPGMA聚类表明,所有供试品种(系)之间的亲缘关系都比较近,相似系数在0.77~0.89;如果以相似系数0.78为标准,可将供试的12个品种(系)分为3类。表明利用SRAP技术能较好的区分杧果的亲缘关系;SRAP分子标记适合杧果的DNA遗传多样性分析,可作为杧果种质鉴定依据之一。     

部分杧果品种亲缘关系的ISSR分析

ISSR技术分析了38个杧果(Mangifera indica L. ) 品种的亲缘关系。从60条ISSR引物中筛选出10条重复性好、扩增带型清晰的引物, 共扩增出79条可重复性带, 多态性带比例为86.7%。扩增结果可区分38个品种中的37个(含红金龙或贵妃之一) 。各品种间遗传距离在0～0.682之间, 平均为0.393。UPGMA聚类将供试品种分成了5类。对分类结果进行了讨论。     

杧果主要品种遗传多态性的AFLP标记研究

 采用扩增片段长度多态性AFLP标记对国内外31个杧果主要品种进行分类与亲缘关系研究。结果表明: 筛选出的14对引物组合在31份杧果种质中共扩增出了1 761条带, 其中多态性带的比例为97%。平均每对引物产生125.8条带和121.6条多态性带, 总的多态性带率为97%; 基于AFLP标记, 以0.48的相似系数为阈值, 所有供试　果材料被分为7大组群, 第一组群内以0.52为阈值, 又可分为6组。与形态标记相比, 基于AFLP标记的杧果分类体系更能反映杧果品种间的亲缘关系。     

科技文摘

利用ISSR分子标记鉴定苦瓜杂交种纯度目的:采用ISSR分子标记对苦瓜杂交一代品种秀玉…1号纯度进行鉴定,为生产上提高苦瓜新品种纯度鉴定效率提供参考。方法:利用ISSR技术和91条引物,对苦瓜品种秀玉1号及其亲本的DNA指纹进行分析。结果:从…91条引物中筛选出两条特征引物ISSR-845和ISSR-891,能同时扩增出F1代及其父母本的多态性条带510和300…bp。…其中,ISSR-845能够区分父本机械性混杂,ISSR-891能够准确区分母本自交系与杂种F1代;经群体验证,该标记与田间鉴定结果高度一致。结论:ISSR技术具有准     

杧果炭疽病抗性杂交群体的构建及SSR分子标记鉴定

以对炭疽病高抗的金煌品种为母本,高感的爱文品种为父本构建杧果炭疽病抗性杂交群体,共获得杂交果实219个,培育杂交实生种苗184株。按花朵统计结实率为2.18%。通过对184株杂交种苗进行SSR分子标记鉴定,结果表明,16对引物中15对能够有效扩增产物;12对具有丰富的多态性;8对在父母本之间具有多态性,184株杂交种苗可以确认是真实杂种,应用SSR分子标记技术可以对杧果杂种的真实性进行快速验证。     

不同杧果品种果实对炭疽病的抗病性

杧果炭疽病是杧果生产上最普遍流行、为害最严重的病害之一[1].其病原菌为胶孢炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz..由于广西杧果生长发育和成熟采收季节高温多雨,所以杧果采后病害发生十分严重,常造成重大经济损失,成为制约广西杧果产业发展的首要问题.目前,杧果炭疽病防治以化学防治为主,成本高、效果差,并且存在果实农药残留和环境污染等安全问题[2].因此,选择种植抗病力强的品种被认为是控制杧果炭疽病等病害最安全有效的方法.近年来,广西杧果种植业稳步发展,引进了大量新品种和种质,主栽品种格局也在发生变化.生产中已发现,不同杧果品种抗病能力存在着显著差异[3].     

杧果类胡萝卜素合成酶基因PSY的表达特性分析

八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)是植物类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的关键酶,为明确PSY基因的表达特性,设计特异性引物,采用实时荧光定量的方法,对两个品种杧果果皮不同阶段中PSY基因的表达差异进行分析。结果表明,汤米和爱德华杧果在果实生长发育期和后熟期,果皮中PSY基因的表达均呈上升水平,但后熟期表达要显著高于果实发育期;在品种差异方面,汤米杧果和爱德华杧果在果实生长发育期差异不明显,在后熟期汤米杧果的表达量要强于爱德华杧果,说明杧果PSY基因的表达丰度和类胡萝卜素的合成密切相关。     

10个中晚熟杧果品种在华坪县的比较试验与评价

在金沙江干热河谷地区的华坪县,从已引进的40多个中晚熟杧果品种中筛选出10个品种作进一步比较试验.结果表明,圣心、凯特、爱文、热农1号、澳杧、红象牙杧在金沙江流域的华坪县栽培具有结果早、产量高、果实美观、品质好,晚熟、果实较耐贮运,销售市场好,货架期较长,销售价格高等特点,适宜在金沙江干热河谷杧果种植的优势区推广发展.     

CDDP结合SRAP标记分析杧果品种的遗传多样性

应用CDDP和SRAP分子标记技术对35个杧果品种进行遗传多样性分析,统计遗传多样性信息数据,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明,12条CDDP引物和12对SRAP引物组合分别扩增得到条带263条和243条。其中多态性条带数分别为250条和230条,多态性条带比率分别为95.45%和94.61%,有效等位基因数分别为1.59和1.62,Nei’s基因多样性分别为0.32和0.24,Shannon信息指数分别为0.55和0.46,多态性信息含量分别为0.60和0.59,遗传相似系数变化范围分别为0.64～0.96和0.64～0.92,平均遗传相似系数分别为0.80和0.78,CDDP结合SRAP标记遗传相似系数变化范围为0.62～0.94,平均遗传相似系数为0.78。CDDP标记、SRAP标记以及CDDP结合SRAP标记分别在遗传相似系数为0.709 5、0.694 7以及0.685 0处可以将35个杧果品种分别分为3类、3类和5类,说明两种标记结合分析能够更加详细地解释杧果品种间的亲缘关系。而主成分分析结果和聚类分析结果有相似之处,但也有很大不同。     

36个杧果引进品种的遗传相似性研究

采用SSR标记方法,对来自7个国家的36份杧果品种进行了遗传相似性分析,目的是为杧果育种亲本合理选配、现有国外种质的充分发掘利用提供科学依据。结果表明,15对SSR引物共检测到86个等位基因,平均每对引物检测到5.7333个,引物mMiCIR024的等位基因数最多,有11个,mMiCIR028最少,仅有3个;遗传相似性系数变异为0.2154～0.9108;基于SSR标记,在相似系数为0.663水平上,聚类分析结果将36个杧果品种分为7大类。该研究表明杧果品种的相似性系数与地理起源有密切的关系。     

A PCR-based assessment of genetic diversity,and parentage analysis among commercial mango cultivars and hybrids

Summary

Three different PCR methods [Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), and Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD)] were used to analyse genetic diversity and parentage among 20 mango cultivars, including 18 landraces and two hybrids (‘Amrapali’ and ‘Mallika’). These hybrids together with a third hybrid (‘Ratna’), and an out-group species (Mangifera sylvatica) were also analysed for parentage. Fifteen, seven and four primers were used to amplify a total of 158, 69 and 59 distinct DNA fragments by RAPD, ISSR and DAMD, respectively. Of these, approx. 85%, 64% and 90% were polymorphic, respectively. Genetic distances between pairs of mango cultivars were measured separately by each method and depicted graphically as a Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree. The three methods revealed different groupings of cultivars and hybrids. A NJ tree based on the cumulative data from all methods correlated well with the parentage of the mango hybrids, and the grouping of cultivars on a regional basis. Genetic markers likely to be associated with important agronomic traits were identified by further analysing the hybrids, with their respective parents, using all three methods. On the basis of the highest number of polymorphic bands observed (90%), DAMD was judged to be the best method with which to analyse mango germplasm.     

香榧品种遗传变异与品种鉴定的ISSR分析

利用ISSR方法对香榧本地9个实生品种和8个优良无性系的遗传变异和品种间的遗传关系进行了分析,从50个随机引物中筛选出12条多态性引物用于正式扩增,共扩增出104个DNA片段,其中88个片段为多态性扩增片段,占总扩增片段的84.6％。根据ISSR引物的扩增图谱,确定部分供试品种的特异条带。基于Nei's遗传距离分析,利用UPGMA法构建了分子树状图。聚类结果把供试的香榧9个实生品种和8个优良无性系分为两大组,第一组包括大圆榧、米榧、旋纹榧、獠牙榧、芝麻榧、落霜榧、象牙榧,第二组包括小圆榧、茄榧和细榧优良无性系。     

黑穗醋栗品种亲缘关系的ISSR分析

 采用ISSR标记技术对39个黑穗醋栗品种的亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明：13条ISSR引物扩增的总带数（A）从3到11条不等,平均扩增出6.77条带,平均多态性带百分比（P）为64.37%。聚类分析显示,在相似性系数为0.8496处将39个黑穗醋栗品种分为5组。第Ⅰ组包含8个起源国家的品种,说明世界各国之间基因交流较为频繁。‘Ben Lomond’和‘Kantata’同其他品种的遗传距离较远,两者又有诸多优良农艺性状,可作为黑穗醋栗的优良育种材料。     

Assessment of genetic relatedness among mango cultivars of India using RAPD markers

Summary

DNA-based RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) markers have been used extensively to study genetic relationships in a number of fruit crops. A wide genetic diversity exists in the mango fruit in India. Present day commercial cultivars originated mainly from this subcontinent. In this study, 18 commercial mango cultivars, traditionally grown in western, southern, northern and eastern parts of India, were selected to assess genetic relatedness. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to RAPD analysis using 30 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Of these, 27 primers amplified mango genomic DNA. None of these primers produced unique band pattern for each cultivar. RAPD data were used to calculate a squared Euclidean distance matrix, and based on this cluster analysis was done using a minimum variance algorithm. Cluster analysis clearly showed two groups—the first consisting of western, northern and eastern mango cultivars and the second group consisting of southern cultivars. From the analysis of results, it appears the majority of mango cultivars originated from a local mango genepool and were domesticated later.     

DNA and morphological diversity of selected Greek tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces

Utilizing inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), the genetic diversity of 33 Greek tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces and three cultivars, three cherry tomato (S. lycopersicum var.cerasiforme) cultivars and two accessions of Solanum pimpinellifolium L. was studied. Furthermore, 12 ISSR primers were also used to identify 27 morphotypes derived from 7 landraces. Based on Jaccard's coefficient, an average genetic similarity of 0.797 (ranged from 0.56 to 0.95) was found among the accessions. Cluster analysis using the UPGMA method placed all tomato landraces and cultivars into a single group, while the cherry hybrids and the S. pimpinellifolium accessions were placed in a second group. The ISSR data distinguished all the 27 morphotypes from each other and grouped the morphotypes derived from the same landrace together. The ISSR technology proved useful in describing genetic diversity among Greek tomato landraces and was capable of distinguishing the closely related morphotypes.     

ISSR．PCR技术在桂花品种分类研究中的应用

 利用ISSR．PCR方法对桂花的19个品种进行了基因组多态性分析，从74个ISSR引物中筛选出13个多态性引物用于正式扩增，共扩增出9o条DNA片段，其中多态性DNA条带79条，占总扩增片段的87．8％ ，平均每个引物扩增的DNA带的数目为6．92条。根据ISSR扩增结果，应用RAPDistance软件进行Nei相似性系数和遗传距离计算，利用UPGMA法构建聚类树状图。聚类分析的结果把供试桂花的l9个品种分为8个大类，并对4个品种群的遗传关系和种下分类系统进行了探讨。     

Assessment of genetic diversity among mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes using RAPD markers

Knowledge about the extent of genetic diversity/relatedness in mango germplasm is vital for developing coherent strategies for future gains in productivity. The genetic diversity/relatedness among mango cultivars/genotypes developed in Pakistan has not been investigated previously. We have assessed the genetic diversity among 25 mango genotypes/cultivars using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Sixty random ten-mer primers were surveyed, out of which 45 yielded amplicons in all the genotypes. Genetic similarity between genotypes/cultivars was in the range of 64–89% with an average of 74%. Similarly, the genetic relatedness among all variants derived from a mango cultivar Chaunsa was in the range of 81.18–88.63%. These coefficients were utilized to construct a dendrogram using the unweighted pair group of arithmetic means (UPGMA). The genotypes were grouped into three (A, B, C) clusters. Generally, genotypes originating from Pakistan were grouped in cluster ‘A’ while cluster ‘B’ primarily composed of southern India as well as Florida cultivars. Kensington Pride was the most distantly related genotype which grouped with Maya and Yakta, forming a distinct cluster ‘C’.     

芹菜种质资源亲缘关系的ISSR分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术,利用5对优选引物,分析了105份芹菜资源的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果将105份芹菜资源分为5大类。在5大类资源中,大部分资源（81.9 %）都聚在第2组（西芹类）,表明收集到的芹菜资源亲缘关系较近。主成分分析结果表明：我国芹菜资源大体上包括了西芹类和本芹类两个大的类别。在本芹类中,实心白芹与实心本芹的亲缘关系较紧密,推测实心白芹是由实心本芹变异而来。根据主成分分析结果和田间观察,又可将西芹类分为两大类：一类为生育期长、直立性强且耐抽薹的类型,另一类为生育期短、直立性弱且不耐抽薹的类型。     

85个大菊品种遗传关系的ISSR分析

 采用ISSR-PCR分子标记技术对大菊85个品种的遗传多样性进行了分析。从77条ISSR引物中筛选出22条引物分别对供试材料基因组DNA进行扩增，共获得160条清晰可辨谱带，其中多态性带148条，多态位点百分率为92.5%，多态性较高。POPGENE软件计算结果表明，85个大菊品种平均有效等位基因数为1.6013，平均Nei's 基因多样性指数为0.3485，平均Shannon信息指数为0.5162；应用SPSS软件计算得到各品种间的Jaccard相似系数介于0.294~0.802之间。UPGMA法将85个品种分成6个类群，聚类结果与品种瓣型相关。