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随着人们生活质量的提高以及膳食结构的变化,导致牛肉的需求量不断提升,进而使肉牛饲养规模逐步扩大,肉牛饲养呈现出集约化的发展趋势。然而由于饲养管理技术更新不及时,难以适应养牛业的快速发展,出现了肉牛养殖的效率低下的现象。基于此,分析肉犊牛的科学饲养管理方式,可以为养殖户合理饲养肉犊牛提供参考与指导。 相似文献
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犊牛阶段是肉牛养殖的基础,犊牛的好坏关系到成牛肉牛的生长发育和增重,对肉牛养殖经济效益影响较大。犊牛的特点是生长速度快、但是抵抗力弱,尤其对不良养殖环境表现的较为敏感,适应性较差,易患病死亡。犊牛瘤胃发育的不够完善,如果饲养管理不当极易发生死亡。因此在肉牛养殖中要想获得优良、高产的成年肉牛,需要充分的了解犊牛的生理特点,做好科学细心的饲养和培育犊牛,提高犊牛的成活率和健康水平。 相似文献
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1犊牛的生理特点犊牛出生以后,从外界主动获取养分,从胎儿变成独立个体,消化器官代替了脐带的作用。犊牛开始呼吸,摄取食物和适应外界变化。 相似文献
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新生犊牛由于其自身的器官机能发育不完全,需要进行特殊的饲养管理才能确保其健康、良好的发展,也才能够使得其生长性能得到良好的发挥。以便于其在成长成为成年牛后发挥良好的生产性能。本文通过对新生犊牛的饲养管理进行归纳和总结,旨在能够为犊牛养殖提供一些参考。 相似文献
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贾惠珺 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2021,(3):135-135
初生犊牛的身体各个器官没有发育完善,对外界环境的适应能力比较弱,抵抗力也较差,易受到各种疾病的侵袭.为此,在犊牛饲养过程中应采用科学的管理技术,有效防控疾病.本文主要介绍了新生犊牛的饲养管理技术. 相似文献
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新生犊牛器官发育不完善,体质弱,易发病。饲养管理需要科学做好保温保暖、饲料优质营养和对犊牛常见病及时有效地防控。需要提高饲养管理人员的责任意识,改变科学养殖理念,以减少疾病的发生。 相似文献
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陈兴祥 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2023,(10):108-110
肉牛养殖周期长,一般杂交三代以上西门塔尔牛需要饲养18个月才能屠宰,加上母牛妊娠10个月,出栏一头肉牛,需要28个月。较长的饲养过程,对技术要求高,疾病风险也很大,同时还要做好妊娠环节、生产环节、育肥环节等等,只有把控好各个养殖环节,才能使养殖效益最大化。其中,最重要的是产后新生犊牛的饲养管理环节,新生犊牛抵抗力弱,饲养管理技术要求精细。而在云南保山一带,肉牛养殖以散养户居多,散养户肉牛养殖技术低,科学养殖意识淡薄。对此,本文介绍了一些关于新生犊牛科学的饲养管理手段以及一些新生犊牛常见疾病的治疗方法,供参考。 相似文献
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新生犊牛是畜牧业中的重要生产对象,其饲养管理和疾病防治对提高犊牛成活率以及促进其健康生长具有重要意义。主要探讨新生犊牛饲养管理技术要点,如初乳喂养、常规饲养、饮水管理、断奶过渡、环境控制等,分析了常见疾病防治措施,为犊牛养殖提供科学指导。 相似文献
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新生荷斯坦犊牛胃的形态学观测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对31头新生荷斯坦犊牛胃进行了观测。结果表明,新生荷斯坦犊牛胃总重405.01±68.55g,占体重的1.08%±0.17%,胃总容积2623.58±443.74mL,皱胃容积1586.54±446.86mL,网胃沟非常发达。前胃黏膜乳头细软,无角质层,呈淡粉红色或白色,瓣胃瓣叶分5级,约160余片。皱胃分2型,黏膜光滑、柔软,呈淡黄色,分区不明显,有14片高约1.7cm的黏膜褶。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究母牛舔舐对新生犊牛行为及血清应激和免疫指标的影响。选取30头初生重相近的健康荷斯坦母犊牛,依据其出生后被母牛舔舐的时长分为2组,每组15头。对照组(Con组)犊牛出生后仅被舔舐几下或没被舔舐,舔舐组(Lick组)犊牛出生后被舔舐15~20 min。录像记录犊牛被舔舐之后24 h的行为,检测犊牛被舔舐之后0和24 h血清应激激素和免疫相关细胞因子含量。结果表明:1)Lick组犊牛进入犊牛舍后初次成功站立用时有低于Con组的趋势(P=0.056),Lick组犊牛进入犊牛舍后在初次尝试站立至成功站立期间的尝试站立次数有低于Con组犊牛的趋势(P=0.094),Lick组犊牛初次尝试站立至成功站立用时显著短于Con组(P<0.05)。2)Lick组犊牛采食初乳时站立时长占总采食时长的比例有高于Con组的趋势(P=0.068),Lick组犊牛躺卧时长占总采食时长的比例有低于Con组的趋势(P=0.068)。3)采食初乳前后,Lick组犊牛站立时长和次数显著高于Con组(P<0.05),躺卧时长显著低于Con组(P<0.05),行走时长和次数显著高于Con组(P<0.05),探索时长有高于Con组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),探索次数显著高于Con组(P<0.05)。4)被舔舐之后0 h,Lick组犊牛血清皮质醇含量显著低于Con组(P<0.05)。在被舔舐后24 h,Lick组犊牛血清白细胞介素-2含量有低于Con组的趋势(P=0.097),白细胞介素-6含量显著低于Con组(P<0.05)。综上所述,母牛分娩后对新生犊牛进行15~20 min的舔舐可以降低犊牛的应激水平,增强新生犊牛的活力,同时使犊牛更为活跃。 相似文献
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Boyd JW 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1989,18(2):47-51
In 10 newborn Holstein calves, which were initially bottle-fed on pooled colostrum, there were transient increases in several serum enzymes. Within a few hours, the mean serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities increased 62.5, 2.4, 2.0, 1.8 and 1.3 fold, respectively. In two other calves given initial feeds of enzyme-free pasteurized milk, there were similar increases in serum enzymes, except serum gammaGT. Correct interpretation of serum enzyme activities in newborn calves must take into account the normal increases which occur after feeding colostrum. Serum gammaGT was the only enzyme to increase markedly as a result of its absorption from colostrum. The other serum enzymes are presumably released from the tissues of the calf. The increased activities of serum CK observed in some newborn calves probably resulted from trauma during birth or increased muscular activity after birth. 相似文献
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Mara H. Saalfeld Daniela I. B. Pereira Jessica L. Borchardt Regis T. Sturbelle Matheus C. Rosa Marcio C. Guedes Marcia A. Gularte Fábio P. Leivas Leite 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(11):963-967
Colostrum silage is an anaerobic fermentation methodology of excess farm colostrum used to conserve and provide as milk replacement for calves. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of immunoglobulins present in bovine colostrum silage and its absorption by newborn calves. The concentration of immunoglobulins was determined in fresh colostrum and colostrum silage stored for 12 months. The absorption of immunoglobulins by calves was assessed immediately after birth and 24 h after colostrum silage intake. The immunoglobulin levels were evaluated by ELISA. The results highlighted that colostrum silage kept similar levels of immunoglobulins as the ones in colostrum in natura, and can be transferred to newborn calves with similar amounts to calves fed with colostrum in natura. It is concluded that colostrum silage keeps viable immunoglobulins, and is able to transfer passive immunity to newborn calves. 相似文献
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Septic arthritis is common in newborn calves due to poor birth and housing hygiene. This study investigated the pathological deformities caused by arthritis in the carpal bones of calves using geometric morphometry. The changes in the carpal joint bones of newborn calves with septic arthritis were examined through shape analysis. The study included 20 healthy Simmental calves and 30 Simmental calves with septic arthritis. Dorso-palmar x-ray images of the carpal joint were taken, and geometric morphometry was performed on these images using 25 landmarks. The first principal components (PC1) represented 26.92% of the total variation, while PC2 represented 13.84%. One of the most significant shape changes with increasing PC1 occurred in the os carpi intermedium. The study found that it was statistically possible to discriminate between radiometric carpal joint images of Simmental calves in the control and arthritis groups using geometric morphometry. In newborn calves with septic arthritis, the trochlea radi was located more proximally. There was an enlargement of the os carpi intermedium and a tendency towards the os carpi ulnare in female calves with septic arthritis. These results indicate significant bone deformation due to septic arthritis. Geometric morphometric methods can be clinically useful, as demonstrated in this study. Researchers can statistically explore these shape analyses, opening new avenues for research in this field. This method not only enhances our understanding of morphological changes but also provides a framework for clinical investigations and discoveries in related areas. 相似文献
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Sandra van Kuijk Ruth Kinkead Gillian Scoley Steven Morrison Yanming Han 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(3):462-469
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding immunized egg proteins (IEP) on the health and performance of newborn dairy calves. Sixty-four Holstein calves, both male and female, were divided over two treatments. Calves either received IEP or a placebo (PCB) in their colostrum and calf milk replacer (CMR) for the first 14 days of their life. Until day 49, CMR was offered at 15% of birth weight (BW), at 10% on days 49–57 and at 5% on days 57–63. In addition, calves received starter concentrate, chopped straw and water from 3 days old until 70 days old at the end of study. Individual CMR and concentrate intake were measured daily whilst BW was recorded weekly. Visual faecal scoring and health observations were conducted daily. Faecal samples were collected weekly up to 4 weeks and during the first 4 days of scouring to screen for presence of Cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli and Salmonella. Results indicated that feeding IEP increased BW (p < .05) at 42 and 56 days old, and BW also tended (p = .06) to be higher after weaning at 63–70 days old compared to the PCB group. When analysed using a repeated measures model, compared to feeding PCB, feeding IEP increased total concentrate consumption (p = .001) by 3.6kg/calf. Over the entire study, daily water intake was higher (p = .002) for the IEP group when compared with the PCB group. In the IEP group, 12 calves were scored as scouring whereas there were 14 calves in the PCB group. There were no significant differences between treatments in faecal pathogen load of neither healthy nor scouring calves. In conclusion, supplementing IEP during the first 14 days of calf life improved the performance of newborn calves. Further work is warranted to understand the mode of action of IEP in calves. 相似文献
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Josiane Lauper Vincent Marolf Olivier Levionnois Esther Schelling Mireille Meylan Claudia Spadavecchia 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):281-286
Objective
To investigate whether an intravenous (IV) lidocaine bolus in calves premedicated with xylazine-butorphanol reduces the amount of ketamine required to allow endotracheal intubation.Study design
Randomized, prospective clinical study.Animals
In total, 41 calves scheduled for elective umbilical surgery.Methods
Calves were randomly assigned to one of two groups (L: lidocaine or S: saline). The calves were administered xylazine (0.07 mg kg?1) and butorphanol (0.1 mg kg?1) intramuscularly and 10 minutes later lidocaine (2 mg kg?1; group L) or saline (group S) IV over 1 minute. After 2 minutes, ketamine (2.5 mg kg?1) was injected IV. If the depth of anaesthesia was insufficient for intubation, additional ketamine (1 mg kg?1) was administered every minute until intubation was successful. The amount of ketamine required for intubation, respiratory rate, pulse rate, arterial pressures, the depth of sedation and conditions of endotracheal intubation after induction of anaesthesia were compared between the two groups.Results
The calves in group L were sedated more deeply than those in group S; however, neither the median (range) amount of ketamine required for intubation, 3.5 (2.5–4.5) mg kg?1 and 3.5 (2.5–3.5) mg kg?1, respectively, nor the induction quality differed significantly between the groups.Conclusion and clinical relevance
A bolus of lidocaine (2 mg kg?1) administered 10 minutes after xylazine-butorphanol in calves deepened the degree of sedation but did not decrease the requirement of ketamine for endotracheal intubation. No adverse effects were recorded in the physiological variables measured. 相似文献20.
Katsuji UETAKE Toshie ISHIWATA Toshio TANAKA Shusuke SATO 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(6):705-708
We investigated 10 suckling cross‐bred calves (Japanese Black (Wagyu) × Holstein) and collected data on the physiological stress responses of the young calves to long‐haul road transportation. All calves were male and 21–47 days of age. The calves were obtained at a livestock market and were transported from the market to the university in a commercial livestock vehicle. The total haul distance and time were 306.9 km and 7 h, respectively. The calves were deprived of food and water during transportation. Blood samples, electrocardiograms, and rectal temperatures were collected immediately after transportation and after one week of habituation at the university. Serum pH was significantly lower (P < 0.01), while serum triiodothyronine, aspartate aminotransferase, non‐esterified fatty acids (all P < 0.05), and heart rate (P < 0.01) were significantly higher immediately after transportation. The concentrations of blood lactic acid (P = 0.08) and serum alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.06) tended to be higher after transportation. These physiological responses suggest that the stress caused by long‐haul transportation causes significant effects on liver function in young calves. 相似文献