植物促生菌暹罗芽孢杆菌 37402-1 的 功能特性及对大蒜的促生效果

大蒜（Allium sativum L.）是我国的重要经济作物,主产地连作障碍严重,其种植生产的持续性受到制约。植物根际促生菌（PGPR）能够促进植物生长、防治病害且对环境友好。研制高效防控大蒜土传病害的微生物肥料对我国大蒜产业可持续发展和绿色发展有着重要的生态学和现实意义。以实验室前期从山东省金乡县连作大蒜根部分离的细菌为供试菌株,筛选获得对大蒜根腐病病原真菌尖刀镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum）ACCC37402和拟枝孢镰刀菌（Fusarium sporotrichioides）ACCC36464具有较好拮抗效果的菌株37402-1。菌株37402-1的PGPR功能特性研究结果显示：对大蒜根腐病病原真菌ACCC37402和ACCC36464的抑菌率分别为52.70%和37.98%;经16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,确定为暹罗芽孢杆菌（Bacillus siamensis）;具有水解蛋白能力、产铁载体能力、溶解有机磷和无机磷的能力。温室盆栽试验显示,接种暹罗芽孢杆菌37402-1菌悬液能够促进大蒜幼苗的生长。田间试验表明,接种暹罗芽孢杆菌37402-1菌剂使大蒜增产1...     

植物根际促生菌促进小麦生长及提高其抗旱性的研究进展

干旱胁迫是影响小麦生长发育与产量形成最主要的非生物胁迫因子,近年来化肥的过量使用及全球气候变化产生的不利影响,导致小麦在生长过程中受到的干旱胁迫危害日趋严重。植物根际促生菌(PGPR)不仅可以协助小麦提高养分利用率,促进其生长发育,还能够通过自身作用或产生多种代谢产物协助小麦抵御干旱胁迫。本文归纳总结了PGPR促进小麦生长及提高其抗旱性的研究进展,为利用PGPR提高小麦促生抗旱的研究奠定了理论基础。     

植物根际促生菌（PGPR）对缓解水稻受土壤锌胁迫的作用

为解决农田重金属污染的严重环境问题,提出利用植物根际促生菌（Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR）来缓解农作物受重金属胁迫的科学设想。研究从大宝山污染土壤中筛选出的Pb2＋、Cd2＋、Cu2＋、Zn2＋耐性菌株,经鉴定为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillussp.DBM）,菌株DBM具有产吲哚乙酸（IAA）和ACC脱氨酶能力,但无产铁载体能力。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株DBM在水稻受重金属Zn（600mg.kg-1）胁迫时能有效保护并促进水稻的生长,使其地上部和地下部干重比不加菌处理对照分别提高97.8%和77.2%。另外,菌株DBM可以增加土壤中Zn的有效态含量,但不能增强水稻对土壤Zn的吸收能力。相反,在Zn600处理下,水稻地上部和地下部Zn浓度分别比不加菌处理对照减少15.1%和19.9%。但由于促生效果也极为显著,其地上部和地下部Zn总量仍分别比不加菌处理对照增加74.2%和48.6%。     

植物根际促生菌辅助红麻修复铅污染土壤

通过盆栽实验研究土壤Pb浓度对经济作物红麻（Hibiscuscannabinus）生长、富集及转运Pb的影响,并将具有较强Pb抗性的植物根际促生菌（PGPR）DBM1（Arthrobactersp．）接种至红麻根际,考察Pb胁迫下PGPR对红麻的促生作用,以探索利用PGPR辅助重金属耐性植物红麻对Pb污染土壤进行植物稳定修复的可行性。结果表明,土壤Pb浓度和接菌处理均显著影响红麻的生长。红麻对Pb具有较高耐性,可通过将Ph富集在根部,并抑制其向地上部转移,从而在中低Pb（Pb400和Pb800处理）污染土壤中良好定植和生长。土壤Pb浓度达到1600mg·kg^-1时,红麻生长开始受到Ph胁迫的抑制,红麻通过自身胁迫抵抗机制缓解Pb毒性。接种DBM1可有效促进红麻的生长,提高红麻叶绿素含量。DBM1对红麻的促生作用是由胁迫诱导的特性,在高Pb胁迫下促生效果更显著。因此,可利用植物根际促生茵DBM1辅助红麻对高Pb污染土壤进行植物稳定修复,在促进红麻生长的同时,有效抑制Pb向红麻地上部的转移。     

披碱草根际促生菌筛选及其接种剂的促生作用

【目的】体外促生能力是衡量微生物菌株作用的一个重要指标,测定获取的植物根际促生菌并明确其对披碱草的促生效果,可为其在生产中的应用提供依据。【方法】2014年9月从西藏阿里地区采集披碱草根系及根际土壤,以常规方法分离出其中的溶磷菌、 固氮菌和分泌3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)细菌的10株菌株。测定其溶磷量、 固氮酶活性及分泌生长素能力,并将其制成植物根际接种剂,测定接种剂对披碱草生长的影响及其在根际的定殖能力。【结果】菌株PWXZ10溶磷能力较好,达40.89 mg/L; 菌株003PWXZ6固氮酶活性较强,达421.21 nmol/(mL·h); 菌株NXP17分泌生长素能力较强,达31.33 μg/mL。与对照菌株(Pseudomonas sp. Jm92)相比,菌株003PWXZ6和NXP17制备的接种剂可显著增加披碱草株高、 地上生物量和地下生物量(P0.05),但两者之间差异不显著(P0.05); 接种剂003PWXZ6对披碱草根总长、 根表面积、 根体积、 根直径、 含磷量、 含氮量和粗蛋白含量增加显著(P0.05),分别较对照菌株(Pseudomonas sp. Jm92)增加了330%、 199%、 118%、 187%、 70%、 15%和19%,并且该菌株在根际定殖能力很强。 【结论】植物根际促生菌003PWXZ6和NXP17对披碱草具有良好促生效果,可为开发经济环保的生物肥料提供了菌种资源。     

哈密瓜根际耐高温促生菌的筛选及其促生效应研究

从哈密瓜根际土壤中筛选高效耐高温促生菌株,并通过盆栽试验来探究其促生效应。利用改良难溶性无机磷固体培养基、透明圈法和钼锑抗比色法评价菌株的解磷能力。以哈密瓜为试验材料进行盆栽试验,设定CK(不接种菌剂)、接种菌株F40(阴性对照)、F1、F9、F70和B25共6个处理,探究接种菌株对哈密瓜的生长以及土壤化学性质的影响。从哈密瓜根际土壤中共筛选出4株耐高温解磷菌,其中菌株F9经鉴定为烟曲霉     

根际促生菌应用于基质对水稻幼苗生长的影响

为了研究根际促生菌对水稻幼苗的促生效果,培育高效优质水稻育苗基质,本研究选用5株根际促生菌(LY5:枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),LY11:解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),X2:摩拉维亚假单胞菌(Pseudomonas moraviensis),X3:沙芬西芽孢杆菌(Bacillus safensis),X8:绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)分别与本实验室已筛选出的最适配比基质进行混合制作高效水稻育苗基质,以不添加促生菌为对照,在盆栽条件下,研究根际促生菌对水稻幼苗生长和代谢的影响。结果表明:①解淀粉芽孢杆菌(LY11)应用于育苗基质对水稻幼苗的促生效果及代谢活性最好。②在育苗基质中添加根际促生菌后,地上部生物量和壮苗指数均比对照显著增加,增幅分别为17.24%～31.19%和11.37%～23.28%。③添加根际促生菌的育苗基质能够促进水稻幼苗根系的生长,根体积、总根长等均比对照显著增加,且改善了根系形态结构,显著提高了根系活力。④根际促生菌处理显著促进了水稻幼苗对氮磷钾养分的吸收,且氮、钾...     

植物根际促生菌(PGPR)的研究与应用前景

植物根际微生物主要以细菌为主,多样性高且活跃,分为有益菌（2 % ~ 5 %）、有害菌（8 % ~ 15 %）以及中性菌（80 % ~ 90 %）。从有益菌中筛选出的植物根际促生菌（Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria,简称PGPR）具有促进植物生长、防治病害等功能,成为土壤科学领域的研究热点。本文目的是了解PGPR在国内外的研究现状,寻求高效、长效且安全的开发与利用方式对PGPR促生及生物防控功能具有重要意义。基于Web of Science核心合集数据库,采用CiteSpace、VOSviewer、HistCite等工具对PGPR研究领域的发文数量与学科分布、发文国家及机构间的合作关系、发文期刊、主要研究热点以及发展趋势等进行了计量分析。结果表明：① 印度、中国、美国、巴基斯坦、德国等国在该领域发文的引用频次较高,研究较为深入。②全球对PGPR研究的重视程度越来越高,主要集中于植物科学学科与微生物学学科。③ 发文主要期刊有Frontiers in Microbiology、Frontiers in Plant Science及Plant and Soil,关键文献中PGPR的促生、抗胁迫、污染修复等内容占据较高比例。④ 关键词聚类主要分为生物修复功能与措施、PGPR的促生及胁迫耐受性等、根际功能菌群的种类及系统抗性、根际菌群促生及生物防控功能等4类。生物防控是PGPR领域的一个研究热点,该领域未来研究趋势主要集中于PGPR及其它土著菌群与植物之间的互作关系以及PGPR高效应用的方式等。     

西瓜根际促生菌筛选及生物育苗基质研制

通过从西瓜根际分离筛选具根际定殖能力的植物根际促生菌,将其保活添加至普通育苗基质研制生物育苗基质,以确保功能菌株能够在苗期定殖根际,进而在移栽后发挥促生功能。结果表明,分离获得一株同时具有产吲哚乙酸(IAA)和NH_3,且对尖孢镰刀菌和茄科劳尔氏菌均有拮抗作用的植物根际促生菌(PGPR)菌株N23;在三季育苗试验中,与普通基质处理(CK)相比,添加菌株N23的生物育苗基质所育种苗,在多项苗期生长指标上均表现出稳定的促生作用;盆栽试验表明,除叶绿素相对含量测量值(SPAD)外,生物基质所育西瓜种苗的其他检测指标均显著高于对照(普通育苗基质所育种苗,下同);田间试验表明,生物基质所育种苗西瓜、黄瓜、辣椒和番茄种苗移苗后,在苗期植株株高和茎粗均显著优于对照,在产量上均增产10%以上。结合形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定菌株N23为芽孢杆菌属细菌(Bacillus sp.)。综上,利用芽孢杆菌N23研制的生物育苗基质能够有效促进所育不同作物种苗质量,增强移栽后作物的生长和田间产量。因此,本研究能够为根际有益微生物的应用提供新的思路,为生物育苗基质的研制提供理论支撑。     

根际促生菌及其在污染土壤植物修复中的应用

植物对重金属吸收、转运和积累以及植物生物学特征使其成为修复重金属污染土壤的重要手段之一。然而,由于植物对重金属的耐受性有限而限制其广泛实际应用,因而探讨植物修复技术强化措施就显得尤为重要。随着自然资源的开发和技术的发展,微生物调控使植物修复技术变得更为可行和更有价值。回顾近年来新兴的微生物调控技术,植物根际促生菌资源因其对环境无污染,可利用自身的抗性系统减缓重金属对植物的毒性,促进植物的生长和影响重金属的迁移等优势,在修复过程中发挥着重要作用。目前,国内外就植物根际促生菌的筛选、鉴定和应用价值等方面已经做了大量的相关研究。本文综述了根际促生菌-植物相互作用的机制及其促进植物修复重金属污染土壤的作用原理。     

Evaluation of genetic diversity and plant growth promoting activities of nitrogen-fixing bacilli isolated from rice fields in South Brazil

Several strains of bacilli, mainly species of the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus, displaying important plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics were isolated from seven distinct rice production zones of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Of 296 isolates, 155 were from rhizospheric soil and 141 from bulk soil. In order to evaluate the diversity among the isolates of each bacterial population the Shannon index was used on a 70% similarity basis. Diversity indices varying from 2.27 to 5.51 were obtained. Using principal coordinate analysis (PCA) to correlate bacterial diversity with soil parameters, it was found that soil pH was the characteristic most closely related to bacilli diversity. The bacilli isolated were also analyzed for some PGP activities. Of those 296 isolates, 94 and 148 produced between 0.1 and 30 μg of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ml⁻¹ in vitro after 72 and 144 h of incubation, respectively. Twenty-two isolates were able to solubilize phosphate and 32 isolates produced siderophores. Paenibacillus and Bacillus genera were the most prominent groups in the rhizosphere and soil populations analyzed. Paenibacillus borealis was the most frequent species in both locations. The isolate SVPR30, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a strain of Bacillus sp., was chosen for in vivo greenhouse experiments and proved to be very efficient in promoting a significant increase in the roots and shoot parts of rice plants. The identification and isolation of PGP bacilli from temperate and subtropical soils, which combine the ability to fix nitrogen with the production of substances capable to promote the plant growth, could significantly increase productivity of grain crops in Brazil.     

Biostimulant effects of rhizobacteria on wheat growth and nutrient uptake depend on nitrogen application and plant development

The capacity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) – Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 (BamGB03), B. megaterium SNji (BmeSNji), and Azospirillum brasilense 65B (Abr65B) – to enhance growth and nutrient uptake in wheat was evaluated under different mineral N fertilizer rates, in sterile and non-sterile soils, and at different developmental stages. In gnotobiotic conditions, the three strains significantly increased plant biomass irrespective of the N rates. Under greenhouse conditions using non-sterile soil, growth promotion was generally highest at a moderate N rate, followed by a full N dose, while no significant effect was observed for the inoculants in the absence of N fertilizer. At 50N, plant biomass was most significantly increased in roots (up to +45% with Abr65B) at stem-elongation stage and in the ears (+19–23% according to the strains) at flowering stages. For some nutrients (N, P, Mn, and Cu), the biomass increases in roots and ears were paralleled with reduced nutrient concentrations in the same organs. Nevertheless, growth stimulation resulted in a higher total nutrient uptake and higher nutrient uptake efficiency. Furthermore, Abr65B and BmeSNji counteracted the reduction of root development caused by a high N supply. Therefore, combining PGPR with a proper cultivated system, N rate, and plant stage could enhance their biostimulant effects.     

PGPR对水稻塑盘旱育秧苗素质的影响

采用水稻抛秧塑盘(434孔)旱育秧方法,研究3株PGPR(Bacillus sp.RBB1、Bacillus sp.WP8和Pseudomonassp.RBP1)对水稻旱育秧苗素质的作用,比较PGPR不同接种方式及施用壮秧剂对促生效果的差异,以及PGPR对土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:①RBP1和WP8可不同程度地促进秧苗生长,主要表现在促使秧苗矮壮、增加干物质积累;②PGPR拌土普遍优于浸种方式;③PGPR的有效性受是否与壮秧剂混用的影响,其次是接种方式;④地上部干物重对PGPR不同处理方式较为敏感,是评价促生效果的理想指标;⑤PGPR对土壤细菌群落结构有一定的影响,但不十分明显。通过研究,明确WP8和RBP1具有开发成水稻育秧专用微生物肥料的潜力。     

Influence of PGPR-enriched liquid organic fertilizers on the growth and nutrients uptake of maize under drought condition in calcareous soil

In order to study the effect of water deficit stress (WDS), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-enriched and non-enriched vermicompost tea(VT) and vermiwash(V) on the growth and nutrients uptakes of maize, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The two-factor experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included: 1) liquid organic fertilizers (LOFs) with five levels (control, VT, V, vermicompost tea enriched with bacterium (VTB) and vermiwash enriched with bacterium (VB)) and 2) WDS with three levels (Field Capacity (FC), 80% FC and 60% FC(. At each irrigation interval, the volume of the used LOFs was equivalent to 60% of the volume of water required for 60% FC. At 60% FC, shoot dry matter (SDW), shoot N, P, Zn, Cu, and Fe uptake significantly decreased compared with those of FC and 80% FC, whereas shoot K uptake significantly increased. At all WDS levels, application of LOFs led to increase in SDW and shoot nutrients uptake. The highest amount of studied traits was obtained in VTB and VT treatments. Generally, VT treatments were more effective than V. Furthermore, PGPR-enriched LOFs were more effective than non-enriched ones. Application of LOFs may be considered as a practical approach for amplifying drought tolerance and reducing the risk of water scarcity in maize cultivation.     

苹果树根际促生细菌种群分析

利用选择性培养基, 对多年生苹果树根际与连作幼树根际促生细菌进行了分离和测数, 并采用BOX-PCR技术进行聚类分析。结果表明: 多年生苹果树根际细菌总量及固氮细菌、解磷细菌、硅酸盐细菌、拮抗细菌4类根际促生细菌的数量均高于连作幼树根际。在多年生苹果树根际, 硅酸盐细菌的数量最大, 解磷细菌和固氮细菌的数量次之, 拮抗细菌的数量最小; 在连作幼树根际, 解磷细菌的数量最大, 硅酸盐细菌和固氮细菌的数量次之, 拮抗细菌的数量最小。从两种土壤中获得的促生细菌分离株的BOX-PCR图谱最大的相异百分数都在1.25以上, 说明这些细菌分离株的遗传进化距离比较接近。在细菌BOX-PCR图谱相异百分数为0.25的水平上, 多年生苹果树根际促生细菌分为79个聚类群, 其中固氮细菌18个聚类群, 解磷细菌29个聚类群, 硅酸盐细菌19个聚类群, 拮抗细菌18个聚类群; 连作幼树根际促生细菌分为46个聚类群, 其中固氮细菌15个聚类群, 解磷细菌19个聚类群, 硅酸盐细菌8个聚类群, 拮抗细菌9个聚类群。多年生苹果树4类根际促生细菌的多样性、丰富度和均匀度指数均高于连作幼树根际, 而优势度指数低于连作幼树根际。与连作幼树相比, 多年生苹果树根际促生细菌具有丰富的种属多样性。     

Halotolerant rhizobacteria: beneficial plant metabolites and growth enhancement of Triticum aestivum L. in salt-amended soils

Salt-tolerant strains of Enterobacter asburiae, Bacillus thuringiensis, Moraxella pluranimalium and Pseudomonas stutzeri were evaluated for their ability to alleviate salt stress of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity of P. stutzeri S-80 and B. thuringiensis S-26 was 190 and 183 nmol h^?1, respectively. Maximum levels of auxin were recorded with P. stutzeri S-80 (107 µg ml^?1) and E. asburiae S-24 (143 µg ml^?1) under normal and salt-stressed conditions (0.25M NaCl), respectively, with 500 µg ml^?1 L-tryptophan. Auxin response mediated by rhizobacteria was also demonstrated by microscopically assaying the transgenic auxin-responsive reporter DR5::GUS expression tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. MicroTom). In pot trials, seedlings fresh and dry biomass witnessed highly significant improvements of 1- and 2.2-folds, respectively, with M. pluranimalium S-29 (at 100 mM NaCl) and E. asburiae S-24 (150 mM NaCl), over control. At final harvest, maximum increase in number of tillers (up to 94%) and seed weight (up to 40%) was recorded with E. asburiae S-24 and M. pluranimalium S-29 at 200 mM salt stress. In conclusion, newly isolated strains of M. pluranimalium S-29, E. asburiae S-24 and P. stutzeri S-80 enhanced the growth of T. aestivum by mitigating the salt stress of plants.     

Yield enhancement and phosphorus economy in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) with integrated use of phosphorus,Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

The study evaluated the effects of phosphorus (0, 20, 30, and 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1) and biofertilizers [Rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas fluorescens), Rhizobium + PGPR, and uninoculated control] in lentil. Application of 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 resulted in the highest number of nodules, nodule dry weight, leghemoglobin content in nodules, chlorophyll content, yield attributes, and grain yield. Coinoculated treatment performed better than uninoculated control, and individual inoculations of Rhizobium and PGPR in terms of all above mentioned parameters. Application of 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 + Rhizobium inoculation gave statistically similar and 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 + Rhizobium + PGPR inoculation gave significantly higher grain yield than that by 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 alone. The use of Rhizobium alone and Rhizobium + PGPR consortium can save not only 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 but also increase the grain yield of lentil.