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根癌农杆菌介导荔枝遗传转化研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用带有内含子的GUS基因(uidA)的瞬时表达,研究影响根癌农杆菌介导荔枝胚性愈伤组织遗传转化的若干因素。结果表明:在AGL-1、LBA4404和EHA105三种菌株中,EHA105对荔枝胚性愈伤组织的侵染力最强;采用2d的共培养时间既有较高的瞬时表达率,又避免了农杆菌的过度生长;0.5×10~8个细胞/mL的菌液密度为最佳侵染浓度;继代培养15d的胚性愈伤组织处于最旺盛分裂的时期,是转化的合适受体;愈伤组织转化前干燥处理对uidA瞬时表达率的提高有一定的促进作用。使用优化的农杆菌侵染条件获得了稳定表达uidA基因的荔枝抗性愈伤组织。 相似文献
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葫芦科作物是世界第四大重要的经济作物,由115个属960个种组成,拥有丰富的种质资源。随着人们对产量和品质需求的提升,如今市场上葫芦科作物的栽培品种逐渐趋于同质化,种质资源遗传多样性变窄。系统研究葫芦科作物遗传多样性可以更全面、系统地发掘种质资源信息,对促进育种工作的进展发挥关键作用。主要介绍葫芦科作物的起源与系统进化关系、种质资源收集情况,并归纳总结葫芦科作物遗传多样性的相关研究,尤其是黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜、甜瓜和冬瓜的遗传多样性研究进展与育种创新等主要成果,以期为葫芦科作物的多样性利用和育种奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
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荔枝花性调控研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
荔枝在我国的栽培面积已达50多万hm2,但产量较低,大小年结果明显。以广州地区为例,荔枝最丰收的1967年为3312.5万kg,最歉收的1969年是70.5万kg,相差约47倍,收成较好的1986年平均株产也不超过16.3kg。由于荔枝存在低产和不稳... 相似文献
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杨梅种质资源遗传多样性研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《现代园艺》2016,(3)
针对如何充分利用现有杨梅种质资源进行育种,简要介绍了杨梅的起源及其分类,从杨梅种质资源的形态学水平、生化水平以及DNA水平的遗传多样性等方面对杨梅遗传多样性的研究进展进行了综述,展望了今后杨梅种质资源的研究方向。 相似文献
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牡丹种质资源遗传多样性研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
种质资源是现代育种和生物技术研究的物质基础.牡丹种质资源的研究为探讨牡丹的起源、进化、分类、育种和资源利用提供科学依据.通过对牡丹种质资源概况的介绍,综述牡丹形态学、细胞学及DNA分子标记等几方面种质资源遗传多样性的研究进展,探讨牡丹种质资源遗传多样性的研究现状及尚需解决的问题,并就进一步开展牡丹种质资源的研究进行了分析. 相似文献
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柑桔黄龙病是世界范围内一种毁灭性的柑桔病害,严重阻碍了柑桔产业的发展。对柑桔黄龙病病原的种群分化及遗传变异进行研究,有助于了解柑桔黄龙病流行、起源与进化。近年来柑桔黄龙病病原遗传多样性研究已成为热点之一,本文对国内外在该领域的研究进展进行概述。 相似文献
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以阶段观剖视荔枝的花芽分化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以阶段观剖视荔枝的花芽分化,重新审视了相关研究资料,对影响成花的关键因子作了阐释,廓清了一些概念性问题。引进了俗称的“白点”(拟改称“白小米粒”)作为“成花诱导期”和“花穗发端发育期”的分界标识。指出水分胁迫对于秋梢的停止生长和成熟是必需的,但对于花诱导本身则非所必需,因为尚无证据可证明干旱能够代替荔枝的低温成花诱导。荔枝成花诱导期需要低温,而花穗发端发育期则需要适度升温和水分。低温的成花诱导的效果不会被随后的水分增多所逆转。茎端感受诱导性低温时处于非细胞分裂的“静止”状态,而“白小米粒”的出现标志着茎端进入了细胞分裂的活跃状态。充分成熟的秋梢接受成花诱导的效果最佳,但未充分成熟的秋梢上处于“静止”状态的芽也可以感受诱导性低温,只是抽发的带叶花穗率往往较高。花穗发端发育期气温过高会导致花穗上叶原基的进一步发育成叶片和花序原基的萎缩,即俗称的“冲梢”。若诱导期经受的低温不足,则此情况会更甚。 相似文献
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荔枝液态胚乳对果实生长和脱落的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以种子正常型的‘白蜡’荔枝品种为试材, 通过针刺抽取液态胚乳的试验, 考察了液态胚乳对果实生长、脱落和大小的影响。研究结果表明, 针刺抽乳和不抽乳处理均显著促进落果和抑制果实的生长, 且处理时期越早, 对果实脱落和生长的影响越大, 如花后30 d处理后8 d的累积落果率达到93.3% ,花后36 d处理后15 d的累积落果率介于73.3% ~80%之间, 对照的累积落果率则均低于10%。针刺抽乳处理导致形成种子败育的小果实, 针刺不抽乳处理导致形成小核的小果实, 对照则产生正常大核种子的大果实, 说明早期种皮和液态胚乳的发育对荔枝果实坐果、种子和果实发育有重要影响。本研究结果直接证实荔枝果实组织间存在着种皮→果皮→假种皮的顺序性影响的“球皮对球胆效应”理论。 相似文献
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C. M. Menzel D. R. Simpson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):349-360
SummaryModerate day/night temperatures (20/15° v. 15/10°C) increased vegetative growth and reduced flowering in the seven litchi cvs Tai So, Bengal, Souey Tung, Kwai May Pink, Kwai May Red, Salathiel and Wai Chee. At higher temperatures (25/20° and 30/25°C), vegetative growth was promoted further and flowering eliminated. Temperature also influenced the type of inflorescence formed. More leaves were formed on the panicles of trees growing at 20/15° than at 15/10°C. All terminal shoots on all cultivars produced panicles at 15/10°C. The relative order for the amount of flowering at 20/15°C was: ‘Wai Chee’>‘Salathiel’>‘Kwai May Pink’>‘Tai So’>‘Bengal’>‘Souey Tung’>‘Kwai May Red’. Cultivars which were vigorous at high temperatures produced fewer panicles at 20/15°C and fewer leafless panicles at 15/10°C. Only small differences were observed in the leaf water potential and the nutrient status of the shoots at different temperatures. Vigour and flowering of the cultivars in the glasshouse generally reflected field performance in subtropical Australia (Lat. 27°S). Low vigour could be useful for selecting litchi cultivars for good fruiting in environments with warm autumns and winters. 相似文献
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荔枝结果过程中内源激素变化及单性结果的诱导 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
具自然单性结果能力的‘禾虾串’荔枝,单性结果能力,与开花前后其子房内源GAs和CTK水平较高以及花后IAA持续升高,ABA持续下降有密切关系。内源激素平衡〔ABA/(IAA+GAs+CTK)〕的分析也表明,禾虾串子房在开花前后具有较高水平的生长促进物质,而不具单性结果能力的‘怀枝’(大核品种)子房则含有较高水平的生长抑制物质。联系果实发育期间的内源激素变化分析了禾虾串单性果较小的原因。应用2,4-D处理不授粉(去雄套袋)荔枝子房,仅妃子笑品种成功获得诱导性单性结果 相似文献
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S. Hieke C. M. Menzel V. J. Doogan P. LÜdders 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):326-332
SummaryExperiments were conducted on lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in subtropical Australia (lat. 27° –29°S) to evaluate the role of assimilates on fruit retention. All the leaves of the last flush, all the leaves of the previous flush (about eight leaves per terminal shoot), or all the old leaves were removed from trees. Medium (3–5.cm diameter) or large branches (5–10.cm diameter) were girdled and defoliated after fruit set, and fruit retention compared with ungirdled and undefoliated branches. Other branches were girdled and defoliated between anthesis and fruit harvest. Finally, 20, 50 or 80% of the flowering panicles were defruited on large trees. Defoliated trees had 35 to 45% lower yields than the controls. This was despite the treatment with all the old leaves removed having a much lower leaf area index than the other defoliation treatments (1.7 vs. 2.3 and 2.8). Leaves next to the inflorescences are more important for yield than the older leaves. Fruit retention was very low on girdled branches that had been defoliated, especially when the leaves were removed in the first 20.d after anthesis. This suggests that the yields of girdled branches were determined by the availability of assimilates soon after fruit set. In contrast, the number of fruit retained on ungirdled branches was unrelated to the number of leaves, with defoliation having no effect on yield. Fruit on these branches were supported by resources from elsewhere in the tree. Thinned trees had similar yields to those of unthinned plots (65–82.kg tree–1). Thinning apparently increased fruit retention in the remaining clusters, under a higher leaf:fruit ratio. There were large differences in the concentrations of starch in the tree, and seasonal changes, with starch declining from flowering to fruit harvest. In contrast, there were only small responses to the treatments, suggesting that the fruit were mainly dependent on current photosynthesis. Photosynthesis in the leaves behind the fruit clusters was more important than photosynthesis in the older shaded leaves. 相似文献
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黑叶荔枝焦核诱导的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为减少黑叶荔枝种子重量提高其品质,以青鲜素为诱导焦核的基本生长调节剂,通过不同浓度青鲜素处理以及与不同植物生长调节剂混合使用,研究了各种不同处理对黑叶荔枝产量及品质的影响。结果表明,MH浓度在800mg·L^-1时诱导黑叶荔枝焦核效果较好,黑叶荔枝焦核率随着MH浓度增大而增加,但过高浓度会导致严重的落果。用MH与其他植物生长调节剂处理可以减轻落果的问题,其中用MH800mg·L^-1+2,4-D5mg·L^-1对黑叶荔枝诱导焦核效果最好,焦核率可达8.79%,平均单核重下降20%以上,可以显著提高其加工品质,具有较大的应用价值。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2015,(3)
【目的】获得多酚氧化酶(PPO)基因启动子序列并初步分析其功能,为进一步研究PPO基因表达规律及应用PPO基因启动子提供基础。【方法】通过TAIL-PCR和接头PCR方法相结合获得荔枝PPO基因启动子序列并进行生物信息学分析,序列缺失结合瞬时表达法分析核心启动子调控元件。【结果】从‘妃子笑’荔枝基因组中克隆获得了1048bp的荔枝PPO基因启动子序列,含有多种顺式作用元件。不同长度的启动子序列均能驱动GUS基因在‘妃子笑’、‘无核’和‘紫娘喜’荔枝叶片和果皮中表达,但都不能驱动GUS基因在‘妃子笑’和‘紫娘喜’荔枝种子中表达。【结论】获得了荔枝PPO基因启动子序列并获得了其调控基因表达的部分规律。 相似文献