再谈特禽鸟禽流感的发展现状与我国的防控思路

介绍了近年来禽流感(AI)与禽流感病毒(AIV)的变化以及对其的重新认识,特别是对哺乳动物的易感性与在人群中的流行。同时对特种禽鸟禽流感作了新的概述,至今已证实约有50种以上特种禽鸟感染AIV,并出现大批驯养的、观赏的、野生的禽鸟发病死亡。同时,对我国大陆地区动物禽流感的综合防控提出了一些新的思路。     

饲料中3种四环素类药物的高效毛细管电泳检测方法

作者建立了鸡饲料中四环素、土霉素和多西环素的高效毛细管电泳检测方法。3种药物在40 mmol/L磷酸氢二钠—20 mmol/L柠檬酸(pH 2.6)的电泳缓冲液、30 kV的分离电压、长度64.5 cm、内径75 μm的毛细管内得到完全分离。在1～80 mg/kg范围内3种药物线性良好,R2>0.994;配合饲料和预混料中3种药物的定量限分别为2和4 mg/kg;添加回收试验回收率>80%,方法的日内变异系数和日间变异系数均<10%。     

醋酸纤维薄膜电泳分离血清蛋白的方法改进研究

目的:为努力营造安全和谐与环保的生化实验室环境,针对学生在《醋酸纤维薄膜电泳分离血清蛋白》实验中容易出现的诸多问题,结合多年的实验室实验教学经验,研究硼酸-硼酸盐缓冲液替代巴比妥缓冲液的实验效果。方法:在使用DYY-6C电泳仪的基础上来对醋酸纤维薄膜开展电泳,进而分析在使用硼酸-硼酸盐缓冲液的情况下对醋酸纤维薄膜进行电泳而得到血清蛋白的分离图谱。结果:在相同实验条件下每张图谱都能显示出明显的5条区带,区带分离良好、轮廓清晰。结论:硼酸-硼酸盐缓冲液分离血清蛋白电泳实验中,实验结果更稳定且重复性好。     

广西凭祥斗鸡禽白血病病毒检测及分离株env基因分析

为了解广西凭祥市特有家禽品种斗鸡禽白血病病毒(ALV)的感染情况,采集了该市3个鸡场斗鸡的肛拭子、血清、血浆样品共344份,用禽白血病ELISA检测试剂盒进行检测。结果显示,斗鸡ALV感染情况严重,其中肛拭样品ALV-p27抗原阳性率高达39.13%,血清样品病毒分离阳性率为12.97%,ALV-J和ALV-A/B抗体阳性率分别为22.39%和7.46%;对从2只斗鸡获得的病毒分离株DJ-3-18和DJ-45进行病毒囊膜蛋白基因env的扩增、序列测定及比较分析,结果显示2株病毒的gp85基因与ALV-A亚群参考株之间氨基酸的同源性为88.2%~96.5%,gp37基因与ALV-A亚群参考株之间氨基酸的同源性为91.4%~98.0%,其中与台湾A亚群蛋鸡源分离株TW-3577的亲缘关系最近,而与ALV其他亚群毒株的同源性则较低。结果表明,首次获得的2株斗鸡源ALV分离株属A亚群。     

泰安及周边地区禽大肠杆菌分离鉴定及耐药分析

对泰安及周边地区鸡大肠杆菌病的流行情况和致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性状况进行了比较系统的调查分析：对25株鸡源性大肠杆菌进行了分离纯化、生化试验，同时对所分离的菌株进行了耐药性测定及β内酰胺药物耐药基因TEM的检测等研究。结果表明：大肠杆菌对多种抗生素均产生了耐药性，对β－内酰胺类药物的耐药性也相当严重，对在药敏试验中检测出对头孢菌素类药物不敏感的菌株进行TEM基因检测，发现这些菌株均含有耐β-内酰胺酶耐药基因，与Genebank上登录的其他耐β-内酰胺酶耐药基因序列的同源性达到97％以上，仅存在个别的碱基突变。通过研究以期探明地区鸡源性大肠杆菌病的流行情况和细菌的耐药现状．从而为有效控制鸡大肠杆菌病的发生流行提供可靠的理论依据，以便制订出较为科学合理的预防和治疗措施，以提高养殖效益。     

Avian renal disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.

Avian renal diseases are common in practice but are often undetected or misdiagnosed. Polyuria can be interpreted as diarrhea leading to inappropriate investigation and therapy. The avian urinary system differs from the mammalian. This article explains the anatomy and physiology of the avian kidney and focuses on the diagnosis of renal disorders. In particular, blood chemistry, urinalysis, radiography, urography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and endoscopy (including biopsy) are explained and illustrated. Specific avian renal disorders and treatment possibilities are discussed.     

鸡肠道芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及产蛋白菌株的筛选

本实验从鸡肠道分离出50株菌种,通过对菌种菌落培养特性、形态观察、生理生化实验,初步鉴定出8株为芽孢杆菌。通过产蛋白菌株的筛选试验筛选出1株能够分泌蛋白的芽孢杆菌,该菌株可望成为外源蛋白高效分泌表达的宿主。     

Fowl cholera epornitic: antigenic characterization and virulence of selected Pasteurella multocida isolates.

An epornitic of fowl cholera involving turkey flocks of several farms within a 15-mile radius in Utah was studied. Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from birds in affected flocks were antigenically characterized as A:1, A:3, and B:4, based on capsular sero-grouping and somatic serotyping results. Experimental exposure of poults with each of two strains representing the rarely reported capsular group B indicated that both were virulent.     

抗球灵防治鸡球虫病的疗效观察

球虫病是严重威胁养鸡生产的疾病之一。目前市场上虽然有不少抗球虫药,但是,球虫极易对抗球虫药产生耐药性,且易发生变异,许多抗球虫药因此而疗效下降,甚至完全失效。笔者自1998年养鸡以来,球虫病给鸡场造成了严重的经济损失,经多方咨询了解,于2004年6月得知广东海康兽     

Avian tibial dyschondroplasia: a comparison of the incidence and severity as assessed by gross examination and histopathology.

The assessment of avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in many recent studies is based on examination of slices of the proximal tibiotarsus with the naked eye. This study examines the incidence and severity of TD in broilers under four different dietary regimes and compares the efficacy of naked eye assessment with histopathological examination. The diets contained reduced levels of calcium relative to phosphorus with adequate (diet 1) and high (diet 2) levels of vitamin D3 supplementation; a very low calcium diet (diet 3) and a standard diet (diet 4) were also included. Gross examination suggested that TD was present in 80 per cent, 79 per cent and 27 per cent of tibiotarsi from birds on diets 1, 2 and 4, respectively. However, histological examination indicated TD, correspondingly, to be present in 18 per cent, 39 per cent and 6 per cent of tibiotarsi. Some birds on diet 1 exhibited physeal changes consistent with mild hypocalcaemic rickets. Many of the bone extremities which, grossly, were considered dyschondroplastic (diets 1, 2 and 4), histologically were shown to have an extensive hypertrophied zone with poor metaphyseal vessel penetration, but no cellular or matrix changes consistent with TD. This cast doubt on the validity of earlier studies of TD which relied solely on naked eye examination. The birds on diet 3 all demonstrated histopathology considered consistent with severe hypocalcaemic rickets and the present study suggests that in three-week-old broilers a moderately hypocalcaemic diet with a high level of vitamin D3 will not cause rickets but will increase the incidence and severity of TD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)