甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割器切割运动分析与仿真

为研究收割机单圆盘切割器运动对甘蔗切割质量的影响,提高切割器的切割质量,根据单圆盘切割器运动方程,结合甘蔗收割要求,建立单圆盘切割器不漏割一般条件式,对不漏割最大速比与切割器结构参数之间的关系进行分析,并利用机械动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS建立切割器连续切割多根甘蔗的运动学仿真模型,进行了刀片刃线上单点及刀片刃线的运动轨迹仿真分析研究,验证了不漏割一般条件式的正确性,为甘蔗收割机结构参数设计提供依据.     

甘蔗收割机单圆盘根切器虚拟样机研究

为了研究收割机单圆盘根切器运动、几何参数对甘蔗切割质量、收获损失的影响,使用ObjectARX在AutoCAD平台上建立根切器虚拟样机,对其工作过程进行了研究。研究表明:切割过程中存在多刀切割和重复切割甘蔗现象,该现象通过高速摄影试验得到了验证。给出了甘蔗受到多刀切割和重复切割刀数的计算公式,出现多于两刀切割的现象主要是由于刀盘转速、收获机前进速度和刀片数之间的匹配问题,是可以避免的。刀片安装角度影响刀片切入甘蔗所经历的路程,并且相当于改变了实际切入甘蔗的刀片厚度。甘蔗和根切器的相对位置影响根茬与刀片之间的作用力。     

甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割器运动学分析

通过单圆盘切割器运动方程,结合甘蔗收割要求,建立单圆盘切割器不漏割以及刀盘与甘蔗不接触的一般条件式,并对不漏割最大速比与切割器结构参数和运动参数,不接触最大速比与甘蔗相对刀盘位置和甘蔗几何参数之间的关系进行分析,为甘蔗收割机切割器结构参数和运动参数设计提供依据。     

往复式切割器割刀往复速度对切割面积的影响

本文通过Matlab软件对切割器参数进行数值模拟,绘制了往复式切割器切割图,形成了重割区、漏割区面积--曲柄转速关系曲线图。结果表明:当刀刃高度和机器前进速度不变时,重割区和漏割区的大小与机器曲柄转速(割刀往复速度)有密切关系。当前进速度不变,随着割刀曲柄转速增大,漏割区变小而重割区变大,反之则相反。该结论不仅为割草机械的切割部件开发提供可靠依据,同时减轻设计人员的劳动强度,提高设计效率。     

甘蔗割铺机圆盘切割器工作参数优化及影响分析

以降低宿根破头率为目的,利用广西农机研究所研制生产的4GZ-9型甘蔗割铺机为实验样机,采用田间试验的方法．对其切割器的工作参数进行了实验研究；探讨了切割速度、刀盘倾角、刀片数量、切割角、刀片刃角及收割机前进速度对宿根破头率的影响，并建立了相应的数学模型。以计算机优化为手段，得到切割器较优工作参数组合，使宿根破头率降至2.11％。     

谷物联合收获机往复式切割器切割过程的研究—基于切割图分析

为了获得谷物联合收获机的理想工作状态,通过切割图分析,对联合收割机往复式切割器切割过程的一次切割区、重割区以及漏割区面积在不同切割情况下的变化特性进行了理论分析,得出了相应的速度匹配参数.在割刀切割速度与机器前进速度配比等方面为谷物联合收获机往复式切割器工作性能和作业效果的改善提供了理论依据和工作参数设计参考.     

甘蔗收割机切刀负载压力影响因素试验研究

针对甘蔗收割机工作时收割损失大及切割负载大等问题,结合单因素与多因素试验研究方法,对影响切割器负载压力的因素进行研究。利用自主研制的切割试验平台进行探究,并通过二次回归正交旋转设计物理试验建立数学模型,利用数学分析软件MATHCAD对回归方程中的因素进行主效应和交互效应分析。结果表明:刀盘转速、刀盘倾角、甘蔗密度、进给速度及入土深度对切割负载压力影响显著,甘蔗品种影响较小。同时可知:在刀盘倾角4°～8°、刀盘转速650～700r/min、入土深度20mm、进给速度0.2m/s的条件下,切割功率小。     

单圆盘甘蔗切割系统不漏割运动学仿真分析

通过小型甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割系统运动方程、单圆盘切割系统不漏割以及刀盘与甘蔗不接触的一般条件式,结合甘蔗收割要求,建立了仿真试验模型;并对切割系统不漏割在ADAMS中进行运动学仿真,为小型甘蔗收割机切割系统结构参数和运动参数设计提供依据.     

甘蔗收割机切割系统不漏割模糊控制仿真技术

通过小型甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割系统运动方程,单圆盘切割系统不漏割以及刀盘与甘蔗不接触的一般条件式,结合甘蔗收割要求,建立仿真试验模型。同时,利用模糊控制模型对切割系统不漏割在ADAMS与MATLAB中进行联合控制仿真,为小型甘蔗收割机切割系统控制参数和运动参数设计提供依据。     

双刀盘甘蔗切割器工作参数的试验优化研究

采用二次回归正交旋转设计的试验方法,模拟甘蔗在湿土和干土里的固定情况,对双刀盘甘蔗切割器切割甘蔗破头率的影响因素(刀盘转速、前进速度、切割角、刀片数量、刀片刃角、刀盘前倾角)进行了室内物理模拟试验;运用数理统计分析、数学建模及计算机优化方法,建立了在湿土和干土两种条件下的影响因素与甘蔗破头率之间的数学模型;在湿土和干土综合条件下,对影响因素进行优化,结果使甘蔗破头率降至8.18%以下。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。