桑树全年枝桑收获法推广应用的几个问题

本文就桑树全年枝桑收获法在推广应用中蚕农提出的问题作出指引，对头造枝桑的收获安排；收获的间隔时间；留枝高度与收获工效、劳动强度、枝桑质量的关系；收获枝桑的肥水管理；收获枝桑与病虫害发生的关系；留枝几年后的伐条；采用全年枝桑收获法的小蚕用叶；熟蚕处理等问题一一作出解释或解决办法，可供实践参考。     

桑树省力化全年条桑收获法的研究

全年条桑收获留干 0 4～ 0 .6m ,一留多年 ,且全年收获条桑。经过小区近 10年的试验及几年的农村示范表明 ,该收获法的收获工效比收获叶片提高 2倍以上 ,小区 9年平均产量比传统的冬根刈收获法增长 9 7个百分点 ,条桑饲养大蚕成绩明显比片叶饲养好。留干几年后根刈 ,桑树的再生长不受影响     

热带亚热带桑树省力栽培技术研究——改革桑树收获法Ⅱ.留干定位全年枝桑收获法

在广东地区,采用留干40cm定位全年收获枝桑的收获形式,其收获工效是传统的冬根刈收获形式的2.2培,连续3年平均年产桑量1/15公顷达3000kg以上,高于冬根刈收获法。收获物对春、夏期五龄蚕的饲养结果也优于冬根刈收获法。     

桑园省力化管理对桑叶产量及工效的影响

调查省力化的桑园管理方法对供试的8个参试品种产量的影响及其劳动工效。结果采用省力化收获法—全年条桑收获法和省力化施肥法—全年两回施肥法有粤桑1号、粤桑10号产量比全年叶桑收获法提高2.9％和7.1％,有69×伦 109、60×851两种收获法产量相仿,塘10×伦109、桑抗7号、抗青10号则全年条桑收获法的产量比全年叶桑收获法的低,在三种收获法中以上三造采叶下三选收条桑产量最低;工效方面,全年条桑收获法比全年叶桑收获法节省用工83.5％,比上三造采叶下三造收条桑节省用工63.4％,全年两回施肥法比造桑造肥法节省用工32.9％。     

桑树春季株内间伐的效果的初步研究

桑树株内均衡轮剪条桑收获法有利于桑树生理，有利于提高桑叶产量和提高工效。春季株内间伐对桑树生理、树势以及产叶量会产生有利影响。     

嫁接桑全年大蚕用叶条桑收获的试验效果分析

近年来,养蚕劳动力老龄化、劳动力紧缺已成为江苏省蚕桑产业发展的制约因素之一。为了解决养蚕中用工最多、劳动强度最大的大蚕期采桑问题,对现有嫁接桑不同夏伐形式、不同收获方式的桑叶产量及养蚕工效进行了试验调查。结果显示,全年大蚕用叶条桑收获模式比片叶收获模式每667 m²桑园桑叶增产414.6 kg,增加了16.5%,条桑收获模式比片叶收获模式养蚕工效提升1.0倍以上,提出了嫁接桑的全年大蚕用叶春、夏、秋3季条桑收获模式。嫁接桑的全年大蚕用叶春、夏、秋3季条桑收获模式具有操作易、投入少、省力多、工效高、效益好的特点,为新时代稳定蚕桑产业发展开辟了新的技术路径。     

桑树截枝留芽的采伐收获技术

成龄低干桑园截枝留芽是一项提高桑叶产、质量 ,实行全年条桑育的行之有效的技术措施。具体方法及管理措施如下。１将各户的桑园等分为二。开春前把准备截枝留芽的那一半留条６０～８０ｃｍ进行平顶剪梢 ,并剪去所有细弱枝和无效条 ,另一半则按常规剪梢留条１００～１３０ｃｍ。２春季５龄期 ,截枝留芽的每根枝条选留１～２个生长芽 ,下部叶片采去喂蚕 ,上部保留４～５片叶让其继续生长 ,多余的生长芽剪去喂蚕 ,一般每株保留１２～１８个生长芽 ;未实行截枝留芽的一半进行正常夏伐。这样可减少一半的夏伐工作量。３夏伐后立即治虫、施肥、除…     

桑树轻型改获及其配套技术的研究：Ⅰ.湖桑全年三次等量条桑收获技术

通过改变湖桑品种的枝条剪伐与桑叶收获方式，设计了湖桑全年三次等量条桑收获的技术体系，桑树枝叶生长量满足条桑收获的要求，春，夏，秋桑叶收获量之比为１：０．９１：１．３３，全年产叶量比片叶收获增加２１％。     

草本化栽培桑园适用除草剂的筛选试验

桑园草本化栽培作为一项新的技术模式,以杂交桑为主要栽培品种,采用无干养成、全年多次条桑收获的栽培形式,具有提高工效、降低成本、有利于规模化经营等优点,在江浙部分蚕区已被应用于生产实践。由于草本化栽培在树型养成及剪伐收获方面的特殊性,在采用化学除草剂实施除草管理工作时,稍有不慎便会造成药害,影响桑树腋芽萌发及其再生长,     

桑树轻型收获及其配套技术的研究──Ⅰ湖桑全年三次等量条桑收获技术

通过改变湖桑品种的枝条剪伐与桑叶收获方式．设计了湖桑全年三次等量条桑收获的技术体系。桑树枝叶生长量满足条桑收获的要求。春、夏、秋桑叶收获量之比为1：0．91：1．33，全年产叶量比什叶收获增加21％。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。