Quantifying the landscape influence on plant invasions in Mediterranean coastal habitats

Landscape pattern might be an important determinant of non-native plant invasions because it encompasses components influencing the availability of non-native plant propagules and disturbance regimes. We aimed at exploring the relative role of patch and landscape characteristics, compared to those of habitat type and regional human influence on non-native plant species richness. For this purpose, we identified all non-native plant species in 295 patches of four coastal habitat types across three administrative regions in NE Spain differing in the degree of human influence. For each patch, we calculated several variables reflecting habitat patch geometry (size and shape), landscape composition (distribution of land-cover categories) and landscape configuration (arrangement of patches). The last two groups of variables were calculated at five different spatial extents. Landscape composition was by far the most important group of variables associated with non-native species richness. Natural areas close to diverse and urban landscapes had a high number of non-native species while surrounding agricultural areas could buffer this effect. Regional human influence was also strongly associated with non-native species richness while habitat type was the least important factor. Differences in sensitivity of landscape variables across spatial extents proved relevant, with 100 m being the most influential extent for most variables. These results suggest that landscape characteristics should be considered for performing explicit spatial risk analyses of plant invasions. Consequently, the management of invaded habitats should focus not only at the stand scale but also at the highly influential neighbouring landscape. Prior to incorporate landscape characteristics into management decisions, sensitivity analyses should be taken into account to avoid inconsistent variables.     

北京动物园古建筑植物景观变迁

通过查阅与考证历史文献及资料,对北京动物园现存6处古建筑不同历史时期的植物景观进行探讨。     

Plant productivity and nitrogen gas fluxes in a tallgrass prairie landscape

We explored relationships between plant productivity and annual fluxes of nitrogen (N₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in a tallgrass prairie landscape in central Kansas. Our objective was to develop predictive relationships between these variables that could be used in conjunction with remote sensing information on plant productivity to produce large-area estimates of N gas fluxes. Our hypothesis was that there are inherent relationships between plant productivity and N gas fluxes in tallgrass prairie because both are controlled by water and N availability. The research was carried out as part of a multi-investigator project, the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE, ISLSCP = International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Program), directed toward the use of remote sensing to characterize land-atmosphere interactions. Fluxes of N₂ (denitrification) and N₂O were measured using soil core techniques. Estimates of annual flux were produced by temporal extrapolation of measured rates. Annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was estimated from measurements of the maximum standing crop of plant biomass. There were strong relationships between ANPP and N gas fluxes, and between a satellite remote sensing-based index of plant productivity (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) and gas fluxes. We used these relationships to convert images of NDVI into images of N gas fluxes for one 83 ha watershed and for the entire 15 by 15 km FIFE site. These images were used to compute mean landscape gas fluxes (0.62 g N m^-2 y^-1 for N₂, 0.66 g N m^-2 y^-1 for N₂O) and total N gas production for the two areas. Our flux and production values are useful for comparison with values produced by simulation models and site-specific studies, and for assessing the significance of N gas production to ecosystem and landscape scale processes related to nutrient cycling, water quality and atmospheric chemistry.     

基于AHP的天津园林创意实践基地植物景观评价

以天津园林创意实践基地为研究对象,选取20个植物景观单元。从生态功能、美学功能和服务功能3方面,选择对景观影响较大的评价因子,建立合理的AHP评价体系,得出其综合排序,通过对植物景观的分析与研究,探讨植物景观的设计原则与配置模式。     

景观生态理念在高速公路景观中的运用——以宁波象山港大桥接线工程为例

分析高速公路绿化中生态景观组成的几个重要部分,并根据景观生态学理论、以宁波象山港大桥接线工程为例介绍景观生态理念在高速公路景观中的运用.     

寻找中国传统园林与现代风景园林的结合

中国传统园林和现代园林景观在历史空间上有紧密的连续性,同时又各有独到之处,寻找中国传统园林与现代风景园林的结合显得尤为必要。文章提出：园林景观应借鉴传统园林的自然山水追园手法和传统园林的造园要素,结合现代人们对景观的需求,充分考虑景观要素、建筑、植物等各方面的平面及空间关系。     

浅析景墙在景观环境中的功能属性

通过挖掘景墙在景观环境中的功能,阐述了相关场所对景墙功能的要求,以及相应功能的表达方式,最后对景墙的应用提出了不足和展望。     

Integrating landscape ecology into landscape practice in Central African Rainforests

Context

We describe how large landscape-scale conservation initiatives involving local communities, NGOs and resource managers have engaged with landscape scientists with the goal of achieving landscape sustainability. We focus on two landscapes where local people, practitioners and landscape ecologists have co-produced knowledge to design conservation interventions.

Objective

We seek to understand how landscape ecology can engage with practical landscape management to contribute to managing landscapes sustainably.

Methods

We focus on two large tropical landscapes: the Sangha Tri-National landscape (Cameroon, Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic) and the Batéké-Léfini Landscape (Gabon and Republic of Congo). We evaluate (1) a participatory method used in the Sangha Tri-National landscape that embeds interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners within a landscape to apply transdisciplinary learning to landscape conservation and (2) a participatory landscape zoning method where interdisciplinary teams of conservation practitioners analyse local land and resource use in the Batéké-Léfini landscape.

Results

We find that landscape ecology’s tradition of understanding the historical context of resource use can inform landscape conservation practice and natural resource mapping. We also find that the Sangha Group provides an example for landscape ecology on how to integrate local people and their knowledge to better understand and influence landscape processes.

Conclusions

Place-based engagement as well as the uptake of co-produced knowledge by policy makers are key in enabling sustainable landscapes. Success occurs when researchers, local communities and resource managers engage directly with landscape processes.

     

Governing the landscape: potential and challenges of integrated approaches to landscape sustainability in Indonesia

Landscape Ecology - In recent years, landscape sustainability, the maintenance and improvement of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being in landscapes, has become a core objective...     

峡谷廊道景观: 区域自然景观和文化景观的全面挖掘——大连十八盘“海底大峡谷”规划建设研究

大连十八盘海底大峡谷景观从2001年开始修建,在地域景观延续性设计的创作理念指引下,运用工程技术手段对裸露的岩壁进行处理,使景观在现实生活与艺术美的高度统一等方面进行积极的探索。夸张的海洋生物雕塑占据景观主导地位。通过对景区的描述,分析其区域角色地位,阐明建设理念,详述裸岩治理的建设内容。     

From landscape ecology to forest landscape restoration

Landscape Ecology - Forest landscape restoration (FLR) was first defined in 2000 and has emerged from several disciplines, including conservation biology and landscape ecology. As it has gained in...     

南昌市园林树种规划及个性化植物景观的营造策略

在对南昌市园林树种应用现状进行调查、分析的基础上,提出南昌市树种规划的原则,就南昌市主城区的基调树种、骨干树种和一般树种等规划内容进行探讨,并提出南昌市个性化植物景观的营造策略。     

关于城市园林绿化的几点思考

随着人们生活水平的提高,对居住环境的要求也越来越高。加快城市绿化建设,改善城市的生态环境,成为了现代城市建设的新要求。主要介绍了城市园林绿化的含义和意义,以及就现在城市园林绿化建设存在的问题,提出了解决措施。     

Movements of small mammals in the heterogeneous landscape

Distances and directions of Apodemus agrarius and Clethrionomus glareolus movements were studied using snap traps and colored bait. The longest distances traversed exceeded 1500 m. Some directions of movement were significantly more common. High variability in the number of captures along traplines suggests distinct movement routes. Small mammals appear to base their movement on the landscape and not on individual biotopes.     

垂枝植物在园林中的应用

本文就垂枝植物的观赏特性进行了简单的介绍,并初步探讨了垂枝植物在园林中的应用及展望前景,提出我国应大力发展垂枝类型植物。