金属材料表面强化新技术

采用快速镍及高效铬电刷镀溶液及工艺，用于磨损的机械零、部件的修复和工件的表面强化，可以使不少因磨损而失效的零、部件“起死回生”。武汉汽车工业大学材料科学与工程学院对其进行了研究和开发，研究的成果通过了省级鉴定，该成果的特点是──产品的性能优良、稳定性好、功能齐全、操作简便及有广泛应用价值的电刷镀仪，处于国内领先水平。多品种的电刷镀液及适用性强的电刷镀工艺；应用金属材料表面强化的高效铬刷镀工艺及采用的不锈钢阳极属国内首创；刷镀的工作层具有表面光洁度高，并与基体的结合强度高 （７８０Ｍｐａ），高效铬…     

自动减压电动喷雾器

专利号：９７２１６２９９．２该专利产品是一种集抽水清洗与喷雾于一机的新型电动工具。该产品体积小、重量轻（１５公斤）、结构简单、操作简便、动力小（０．５５千瓦）、压力大（８—１０公斤）、无噪音、无泄漏、无易损部件，工作半径在百米以上。它既可单人使用也可三四人同时使用。该机由于设置了高压自动开关（该装置已申请国家专利，申请号：９８２４９１９８．０），成功地实现了自动控制，最大限度地节约了电力，减少了设备的无功磨损。该装置与自动减压装置配套可有效地保证设备使用的安全性与连续性，十分便于喷雾作业。该机的…     

德特-75拖拉机发动机的故障及排除

前几年，在与俄罗斯经济贸易过程中，我国进口了大量的德特－７５（Ｔ—７５）拖拉机。因为当时德特－７５拖拉机价格比较便宜，而且其性能也比较可靠。现在这些拖拉机遍布全国，特别是黑龙江省更多些。现将德特－７５拖拉机发动机易发生的故障及排除方法介绍如下。１发动机烧机油 ①增压器的３个开口密封环磨损，造成窜机油，机油经压缩机或涡轮机分别进入气缸和排气管。密封环的早期磨损是由于增压器过热使环槽产生积炭而产生的，但磨损至后期，环槽座、外密封盘、转子轴、铜套均磨损，轴的径向间隙和轴向间隙都增大，回油不及，更加重了…     

金属材料表面强化技术

采用快速镍及高效铬电刷镀溶液及工艺,用于磨损的机械零、部件的修复和工件的表面强化,可以使不少因磨损而失效的零、部件“起死回生”。由武汉汽车工业大学材料科学与工程学院对这一新技术进行了研究和开发,研究的成果通过了省级鉴定,该成果的特点包括:研制的性能优良、稳定性好、功能齐全、操作简便及有广泛应用价值的电刷镀仪;处于国内领先水平的多品种的电刷镀液及适用性强的电刷镀工艺;应用金属材料表面强化的高效铬刷镀工艺及采用的不锈钢阳极属国内首创;刷镀的工件层具有表面光洁度高,并与基体的结合强度高,高效铬层硬度高,耐磨性好;该成果在国内     

应用NIR及主成分回归预测落叶松密度的研究

运用近红外光谱主成分回归法对落叶松样品密度进行研究，校正集的相关系数（R）为0．86，校正集标准误差（SEC）为0．01，预测集的相关系数（R）为0．89，预测集标准误差（SEP）为0．02，对未参与建模的12个未知样品进行密度预测，相关系数达0．95。研究表明，近红外光谱能够快速、准确地对落叶松样品密度进行预测，这为快速检测落叶松木材材性提供了一种新方法。     

发动机座瓦孔的电刷镀修复工艺

以发动机座瓦孔修复为例,介绍应用电刷镀技术进行设备维修的经验,论述电刷镀技术在修复零件磨损方面的典型工艺、方法和效果等。     

安全插头和插座

安全插头和插座专利号：９５２３９８４８．６该产品对小容量（２５０Ｖ、１５Ａ以下）电器和家用电器增加了过载和短路的保护及告警功能，能迅速切断并用灯光指明有故障的电器，避免烧毁和引发火灾，正常电器可照样运行，过载电流可选定，最易出故障的电源引线也可保护。...     

浅谈柑桔环割环剥促花保果

浅谈柑桔环割环剥促花保果付云（黎明农场四分场．云南．勐海．６６６２０２）为更好地解决红桔砧及积壳砧适龄或旺村不结果和低产等问题，笔者对柑桔环割环剥技术进行了实验，在柑桔幼旺树上应用环割环剥技术，获得增产效果。为此，就怎样更好地进行环割促花保果谈一点个...     

运材汽车发动机气缸磨损的分析

东风牌运材汽车发动机气缸套磨损是目前汽车大修的重要标志之一。笔者先后对200多台发动机气缸进行了调查和实测,并结合伊春林区使用东风EQ140汽车情况,对该型发动机的磨损进行了初步分析。 1缸套磨损规律1.1轴向磨损气缸沿轴向磨损情况与其它型发动机缸套磨损情况大致相同,上大、下小呈锥形。磨损最大区域在距机体顶平面10一30mm的范围内,即活塞位于上止点时,第1道气环下沿至油环顶面10mm以下部位,即第l道气环与第2道气环之间。     

苹果多道环割比环剥好

苹果多道环割比环剥好环割是促进花芽形成和提高座果率的一项有效技术，它比环剥稳妥。主要抓好以下三个方面：（１）环割程度。环割深度以割断皮层，并微伤木质部为宜。（２）环割对象。对苹果幼树主要是处理辅养枝和临时枝，增加前期产量；对于进入结果期而迟迟不见效益...     

树木栽植与养护机械发展概况

树木栽植与养护作业中使用的机械类型比较多，专用的包括挖坑（穴）机、植树机、树木移植机、枝桠和绿篱修剪机等。文中着重介绍了这些机械的类型、技术特点、常用型号和生产企业以及国内外的发展趋势。     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

微坑型微织构硬质合金表面对木材摩擦特性的影响

【目的】探讨木材含水率、木材切面和纤维方向以及运动速度等因素对木材表面摩擦系数的影响规律,为设计更加合理的木材切削刀具表面织构形式提供参考和指导。【方法】以水曲柳和樟子松为研究对象,在具有不同微坑直径硬质合金表面条件下,研究木材含水率、木材切面和纤维方向以及运动速度等因素对木材表面摩擦系数的影响。【结果】与无微坑表面相比,当微坑直径为60μm、含水率为67%±3%时,在水曲柳表面产生的摩擦系数由0. 151降低到0. 091,降幅为39. 7%,在樟子松表面产生的摩擦系数由0. 241降低到0. 164,降幅为32. 0%。木材径切面上纤维方向差异对表面摩擦系数的影响不大,但在横切面上,微坑直径越小,其表现出的摩擦系数越高。摩擦过程中运动速度对表面摩擦系数的影响与木材中的水分有较大关系,当含水率处于生材状态时,表面摩擦系数随运动速度增大而降低,且微坑型结构表面产生的摩擦系数降幅明显高于无微坑表面,无微坑表面产生的摩擦系数由0. 160降低到0. 134,降幅为16. 3%,微坑直径为60μm时的摩擦系数由0. 124降低到0. 071,降幅为42. 7%。【结论】木材含水率状态对微坑型表面微织构与木材之间的摩擦系数影响较大,木材中自由水的存在有利于降低硬质合金与木材表面之间的摩擦系数。微织构直径越小,其接触角平均变化率越大,表面铺展速度越大,越有利于改善木材/硬质合金摩擦副的状态,使表面间的摩擦系数减小。     

基于三维地质建模技术的滑坡地质灾害评价

滑坡防治的基础是确定滑坡的空间分布特征、滑动面的位置和滑体的物质组成。在研究区地质调查过程中,对滑坡路段的地形图进行测绘,查明滑体及其周围区域的地表形态;利用钻探和物探相结合的方法探明地层以及地质构造的空间分布。以地形图、钻探、物探等工程地质勘察资料为基础,采用Surpac软件,将这些离散的地质信息构建直观的、能够逼真反映区域地质结构的三维地质模型。利用三维地质模型判断该滑坡属于推移式顺层滑坡,滑动面位于第四系松散层与白垩系泥岩、粉砂岩的交界面处,滑坡后缘位于加宽路基范围之内,直接影响加宽路基的稳定性。     

Effect of annual rings on abrasive wear property of wood

In this study we investigated the abrasive wear property of Douglas fir (Pseudostuga menziesii Franco) on abrasive paper using test specimens with various dimensions and annual ring widths. The effect of the annual rings on the abrasive wear property of Douglas fir was clarified from the relation with the compression strength of the wood specimens. The dispersion of the wear coefficient, which was calculated as the wear volume divided by the friction distance and the load applied to the friction surface, varied when there were fewer than approximately three annual rings in the specimen, as did the compression strength. As clarified from these results, it was found that the effect of the annual rings on the abrasive wear and compression properties of Douglas fir is closely related to the earlywood/ latewood ratio.Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000     

对转子发动机气缸径向密封片的改进

通过对传统往复活塞式发动机和转子发动机气缸密封结构的分析，针对现存的问题提出对转子发动机气缸径向密封的改进。在原径向密封片的基础上，在其前段与缸体接触的密封面开出圆柱形通孔，在通孔中装入滚针，将径向密封片装入滚针后，把原来的滑动摩擦改变为滚动摩擦，从而改善径向密封片的摩擦特性，增强密封性能。     

基于高密度电法的滑坡路段地基勘察与稳定性评价

准确地确定滑体的空间形态和稳定状态是制定滑坡治理方案的基础。在北黑高速扩建工程滑坡体勘察中,利用GPS卫星定位系统对山体滑坡路段的地形图进行了测绘,初步确定的滑坡体的周界。以主滑动面为中心线,布设了四条高密度电阻率法测线,并在特征点位置进行了地质钻探。利用高密度电阻率法测量反演结果结合地质钻探资料判断,该滑坡属于堆填土滑坡,一期工程的弃土带动其下坡积的粉质粘土沿基岩顶面产生滑动。利用GPS全球定位系统结合钻孔测斜管对滑坡进行了监测,准确地确定了滑动面位置,判断了滑体稳定状态,测得了滑体的移动方向及移动速率。     

Analysis of chemical structure of wood charcoal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Wood charcoal carbonized at various temperatures was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry to investigate the changes of chemical structures during the carbonization process. From the infrared spectra, the carbon double bonds and aromatic rings were seen to form at a carbonization temperature of about 600°C. From the XPS spectra, the ratio of aromatic carbons increased in the temperature range 800–1000°C and over 1800°C. The condensation of aromatic rings proceeded as carbonization progressed. The drastic reduction of electrical resistivity of charcoals was observed in almost the same temperature range. It was found that the condensation of aromatic rings had some relation to the decline in electrical resistivity. Wood charcoal carbonized at 1800°C was partly graphitized, a finding supported by the results of X-ray diffraction and XPS. The functional groups containing oxygen diminished with the increase in carbonization temperature.This paper was presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Tokyo, April 1995 and at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Kochi, April 1997     

Influence of coating properties on paper-to-paper friction of coated paper

Coated paper-to-coated paper friction properties were examined in relation to printing runnability difficulties like erroneous double feeding of paper sheets. Higher ratios of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) to clay in mixed pigment coatings resulted in higher static and kinetic coefficients of friction (COFs). Microroughness in the order of pigment particle size is considered to relate to COF, because cube-shaped particles of PCC resist sliding. Calendering decreased COF at larger amounts of PCC, but did not change COF of the sole clay formulation at all. Addition of ground calcium carbonate (GCC) decreased COF. The rate of decrease in kinetic COF with increasing number of sliding for the GCC-rich formulation was higher than that for the PCC-rich formulation, presumably because protruding parts, characteristic of the GCC-rich formulation, on the surface were selectively flattened. Addition of styrene-butadiene (SB)-latex up to 14pph decreased COF, but static COF had the highest value at 18pph. The antislip property (as a rubber) of SB-latex developed only in the static mode. Among lubricants formulated, the wax type decreased COF the most remarkably with more effect on kinetic COF than on static COF. Part of this report was presented at the 11th International Printing and Graphic Arts Conference, Bordeaux, France, October 2002     

Wood friction characteristics during exposure to high pressure: influence of wood/metal tool surface finishing conditions

Friction that arises during processing for the deformation of wood under relatively high pressure levels (ca. >1 MPa) is an important factor to be taken into account when wood is processed. However, few studies on such friction have been published. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of surface finishing conditions on the nominal friction coefficient (μ) of the wood and metal tool surfaces. Sticking friction was likely to arise on a relatively coarse metal surface, and the type of metal tool surface finishing was found to have large impact on the friction mechanism. The friction characteristics during exposure to high pressure seem to be affected not only by the interface contact characteristics, but also by the deformation characteristics of wood during compressive load or measurement. The value of μ on water-saturated wood was equal or higher than that on dry wood, which suggests that the contact characteristics between these two types of wood are significantly different. The water content in wood was shown to affect both the interface contact and deformation characteristics of wood. The value of μ was not significantly affected by the wood surface finishing conditions; however, changes in μ during sliding differed slightly, depending on the finishing conditions.