东北虎脾中氨基酸的测定

用日立８３５－５０氨基酸分析仪测定了８只东北虎脾样品混合物蛋白水解液中的１９种氨基酸。水解蛋白采用保护性盐酸水解法，采用包括含硫氨基酸衍生物在内的５０分钟快速分析法进行分析。结果测得的各种氨基酸含量均较高，氨基酸总量达于脾重的７５．４４％，即为鲜脾重的２０．４４％；东北虎脾中含有的氨基酸，含量丰富，比例合理，具较高的生物学价值。本次测定旨在为东北虎多方面的基础理论研究的实际应用提供可靠的资料。     

八只东北虎肾中氨基酸的分析

本实验用日立８３５～５０氨基酸分析仪测定了８只东北虎肾混合物中的十九种蛋白质水解氨基酸。水解采用保护性氧化盐酸水解蛋白质，分析采用包括含硫氨基酸衍生物在内的５０ｍｉｎ快速分析法。所测得的总氨基酸含量高达绝干肾重的６８．３４％，相当于鲜肾重２１．５１％，各氨基酸比例较为适宜，且含有本方法所能测出的动物全部九种必需氨基酸和半必需氨基酸。其含量和分布亦较丰富而适宜。由此得知东北虎肾具有较高的生物学价值，且具多学科理论和应用价值。     

东北虎几种组织LDH同工酶电泳分析

用不连续系统聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对东北虎（Panthera tigris altaica)六种组织中LDH同工酶进行电泳分析，分析结果表明，六种组织都具有五种LDH同工酶，但酶带分布类型不同，显示出确定组织特异性，同时测定了东北虎心肌和肝脏LDH同工酶热稳定性和对尿素抑制的敏感性，并对东北虎LDH同工酶电泳行为进行初步探讨。     

东北虎癫疒间病例

东北虎癫疒间病例宋培林（桂林市七星公园，广西５４１００４）１９９６年在我园进行表演的１只东北虎于７月３１日突发癫疒间，后经治疗痊愈。现将其发病经过、治疗情况总结成文，供交流。１发病经过及症状患虎雌性，１１月龄，体重约５０ｋｇ。据查该虎出生后即靠人工饲...     

东北马鹿乌兰坝品种鹿茸化学成分分析报告

经对东北马鹿乌兰坝品种三杈带血茸上、中、下３段的３种化学成分分析，结果表明，鹿茸上段氨基酸含量较高为５８００％，牛黄酸含量００６％，钙、磷分别为２３９％和４８０％，钙磷比为０５０∶１；中段氨基酸含量４９８０％，牛黄酸含量００４％。钙、磷分别为１０５９％和５６０％，钙磷比例为１８９∶１；下段氨基酸含量４２６０％，牛黄酸含量００２％，钙、磷分别为１３１２％和６３０％，钙磷比为２０８∶１。上、中、下３段平均值为：氨基酸５０１３％，牛黄酸００４％，钙、磷分别为８０７％和５５７％，钙磷比１５６∶１。东北马鹿乌兰坝品种鹿茸所测的３种生化指标明显优于东北马鹿的，比清原品系马鹿茸的稍好，但次于东·天马鹿茸的。     

虎肉中氨基酸等含量的测定

<正>虎为猫科动物(panthera tigris linne),仅产于亚州.我国主要有东北虎和华南虎.东北虎又称为西伯利亚虎、乌苏里虎、满洲虎,产于我国吉林、黑龙江.华南虎是我国特有亚种.国际上又称为中国虎或厦门虎.目前,虎肉中氨基酸、微量元素等的含量,国内外尚无报道、本文对此项工作进行了如下研究.     

黑龙江林蛙输卵管营养成份分析

本实验用日立８３５—５０氨基酸分析仪、岛津ＧＣ—９Ａ气相色谱仪、索氏脂肪提取器分别测定了黑龙江林蛙输卵管阴干制品中氨基酸、脂肪酸、脂肪的含量。测得氨基酸总和为５０．７９％（伊春）、４７．４８％（大兴安岭）；脂肪酸总和为２．４４６９ｍｇ／ｇ（伊春）、２．７９３１ｍｇ／ｇ（大兴安岭）；脂肪为３．４６％（伊春）、３．１１％（大兴安岭）。结果表明，黑龙江林蛙输卵管是一种高蛋白、低脂肪的滋补品且具有较高的药用价值。     

东北地区黄牛不同组织中HBsAg.HBeAg分布情况调查

用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测４３头东北黄牛血清，肝脏和肌肉中乙型肝炎的ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ结果表明，同一动物不同组织中两种抗原分布不同，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性：肝脏２７．９％，肌肉９．３％，血清２．３％；ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性：肝脏１１．６％而肌肉和血清均为阴性。实验结果说明：在检测动物乙型肝炎时，应测试两种指标，在动物与人类乙型肝炎相关性研究中，动物肝脏应当引起人们的高度警觉。     

一例东北虎肠炎的诊治

肠炎是指肠粘膜及其深层组织炎症的总称.常表现为腹痛、腹泻、呕吐、发热以及毒血症.按其病因可分为原发性和继发性两种类型;按其病理过程可分为急性和慢性两种类型.肠炎是东北虎常见的消化道疾病,也是威胁东北虎生存与繁殖的头号疾病,如不能及时采取有效的治疗措施,常常会造成虎只的死亡.该病全年均能发生,但多发于气温较高季节,幼虎的患病率较高.2010年7月,笔者在临床中遇到一例东北虎肠炎的病例,现将病例诊治情况报告如下.     

速眠新氯胺酮对东北虎保定效果的观察

东北虎性情凶猛，易伤人。在接受检查和治疗时，为避免工作人员受到伤害，常需要对东北虎进行保定，主要是采取化学保定法。东北虎林园是全国最大的集科学研究、观赏于一体的综合性东北虎繁育基地，现有东北虎130余只。由于虎生活习性的非群居性及林园面积有限，造成虎之间相互撕打，外伤发生率极高。外科疾病的处置必须在麻醉的条件下进行，所以麻醉药品的应用就显得更加重要。虎临床上常用药物有846(速眠新)、氯胺酮合剂、复方麻保静、眠乃宁等。我园主要采用846与氯胺酮合剂(按1：2比例)用于虎的麻醉。经长期观察，效果良好，且副作用小。现报告如下。     

新疆北部蒿属荒漠草地叶甲的发生与防治

报导了新疆蒿属荒漠草地优势种叶甲的种类、分布和为害程度，分析了蒿属荒漠草叶甲成灾的原因以及阿尔泰叶甲、脊萤叶甲的咱群消长く态。根据田间药效试验结果，可用１０％氯氰菊酯乳油或４０％氧化乐果同防治阿尔泰叶甲，用２．５％敌杀死乳油防治脊萤叶甲，用４０％氧化乐果乳油防治乌鲁木叶甲。     

Total serum bile acids and the bile acid profile as tests of liver function

Total serum bile acid assay for the evaluation of liver function has been available for many years but its application has been limited primarily by factors such as methodology, equipment and cost. New and improved methods for bile acid assay such as the radioimmunoassay or the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase techniques have brought the assay for bile acids into the realm of the clinical laboratory. The efficacy of bile acids for clinical diagnostic use in the evaluation of liver function has not been firmly established. Newer methods using high pressure liquid chromatography to develop a profile of the different bile acids may clarify its usefulness and define its role among the many available tests of liver function in animals.     

Total serum bile acids and the bile acid profile as tests of liver function

Total serum bile acid assay for the evaluation of liver function has been available for many years but its application has been limited primarily by factors such as methodology, equipment and cost. New and improved methods for bile acid assay such as the radioimmunoassay or the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase techniques have brought the assay for bile acids into the realm of the clinical laboratory. The efficacy of bile acids for clinical diagnostic use in the evaluation of liver function has not been firmly established. Newer methods using high pressure liquid chromatography to develop a profile of the different bile acids may clarify its usefulness and define its role among the many available tests of liver function in animals.     

Hepatic lipidosis: Liver characteristics and acute phase proteins in affected turkeys

The hepatic lipidosis (HL) in fattening turkeys is a disease has been known for a long time, but the cause and pathogenesis is still not clarified. A recent study reported unexplained high levels of iron in liver tissue of fattening turkeys suffering from HL. In this study, the iron status, possible infectious or inflammatory influences in form of an acute phase reaction and the analysis of fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of turkeys affected by HL were examined. Three cases of HL on three different fattening turkey farms were investigated during the outbreak of the disease. Clinically affected and non-affected animals were subjected to a pathological examination, where the diagnosis HL or non-affected was made. In total, 70 birds were examined (40 with HL, 30 without HL) and blood and liver samples were taken. Additionally, samples from 15 slaughtered birds were taken as a further control group. In liver tissue, the iron content and the content of long-chain fatty acids were determined; in blood samples, ferritin and transferrin were measured. The iron content in liver tissue was more than three times higher for animals with HL than among non-affected animals and the control group. The transferrin levels were lowest for animals with HL, highest in the control group and in between for non-affected animals. The fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of affected animals indicated a shift from polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to the control group and the non-affected animals. Overall, the non-affected animals of a flock affected by HL were similar to the healthy animals of the abattoir. The low acute phase protein levels for animals with HL together with high iron contents could indicate a previous malnutrition/starvation period and/or severe liver damage for those animals suffering from HL.     

AA肉鸡和北京油鸡早期消化器官发育规律研究

本试验旨在比较AA肉鸡和北京油鸡在胃肠道消化生理上的差异。选择1日龄雄性AA肉鸡和北京油鸡各50只,每个品种为1个处理,2个处理的日粮和饲养管理一致,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期28 d。在0、7、14、21、28日龄,每个品种分别选择10只鸡屠宰,测定其体重、肝脏、胰腺、腺胃、肌胃、小肠及小肠各段的重量,并且测定小肠及小肠各段的长度。结果表明:AA肉鸡和北京油鸡的体重均随着日龄增加而增加,相同日龄下AA肉鸡的体重高于北京油鸡(P<0.01);AA肉鸡和北京油鸡消化器官的发育规律类似,腺胃、肝脏、胰腺、小肠及小肠各段的相对重量均在7日龄达到最大值,肌胃相对重量、小肠和小肠各段的相对长度以及消化器官异速生长值均随着日龄增加而逐渐降低;7~28日龄,北京油鸡小肠和小肠各段的相对长度以及小肠各段长度异速生长值高于AA肉鸡(P<0.05),北京油鸡小肠及小肠各段的肠道密度低于AA肉鸡(P<0.05),AA肉鸡消化器官(肝脏、胰腺、腺胃和肌胃)绝对重量均高于北京油鸡(P<0.01),AA肉鸡腺胃、肌胃和肝脏的相对重量低于北京油鸡。综上所述,AA肉鸡的生长速度高于北京油鸡,而绝大多数消化器官相对重量低于北京油鸡;孵化后1周是肉鸡消化器官发育的关键时期,消化器官的增重速度高于体重增加速度,消化器官发育是体重快速增长的前提条件。     

The effect of proteinase inhibitors in rats. 1. Report. Effect of a short-term application on the N balance, the free amino acids in liver and muscles and the biological half-life of the intestinal tissue proteins]

Short-term trials with a triazin derivative and a peptide aldehyde were carried out to investigate the in-vivo administration of proteinase inhibitors in rats for improving the N balance of the animals. The results of N balances suggest that the peptide aldehyde may be regarded as a promising substance that may be used to increase the rate of utilization of the absorbed N in the intermediary metabolism. The short-term use of both active compounds did not affect the true N digestibility. The two compounds did not influence the concentration of free amino acids in the liver and muscle tissue under the experimental feeding conditions used. Similarly, tests of the biological half-life of proteins taken from the small and large intestine did not reveal any changes due to the presence of the inhibitors. Animals receiving a protein-free diet exhibited longer half-life periods for proteins from the small and large intestine compared with animals of the other groups. A protein-free nutrition of the animals caused a general increase in the levels of free non-essential amino acids in the liver. This was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in essential amino acids. The same type of nutrition led to a general decline in the concentration of free amino acids in muscular tissue, particularly of the essential amino acids. High-protein nutrition led especially to an increase in the concentration of branched-chain amino acids in both types of tissues investigated.     

Investigations on the influence of duodenal histidine infusion on nitrogen and amino acid turnover of growing German Holstein bulls.

The effect of a continuous duodenal infusion of L-histidine (His) (8 g/d) on the retention of nitrogen was investigated in two experiments (I, II), each of which was carried out using two young bulls. In Exps. I and II, the animals (150-250 kg BW) were fitted with a re-entrant cannula in the proximal duodenum and were fed diets containing 125 g CP/kg DM and 11.5 MJ ME/kg DM. A third experiment (III) using two young bulls (140-200 kg BW) fitted with a simple T-cannula was carried out infusing 6 g L-His. The animals were fed a low protein diet (94 g CP/kg DM and 11 MJ ME/kg DM). The study was done to find out whether or not L-His is the first limiting amino acid (AA) for growing ruminants. N retention was 28 and 31, 38 and 38, 22 and 24 g/d without L-His infusion and with L-His infusion for Exps. I, II and III, respectively. Both in the experiments with a standard protein supply (I, II) and in the experiment with reduced protein supply (III), no significant differences were found between periods with and without infusion of L-His. The utilisation of duodenal NAN varied between 39% and 50% and was also not significantly influenced by the duodenal infusion of L-His. No significant effect was observed on the flow of AA into the duodenum. The faecal excretion of AA was also not significantly influenced by the infusion of L-His. The utilisation of individual amino acids as calculated by the ratio of retained AA to intestinal apparently digested AA, did not differ significantly following the duodenal infusion of L-His. As expected, the utilisation of His decreased. Of the different essential AA, L-His was the most utilised (80%) followed by Arg (72%), Met (60%), Leu (45%) and Lys (44%), during periods without supplementation of L-His. It is concluded that the intestinal supply of L-His from the basal diet was sufficient for the potential growth level of animals under these experimental conditions. In all AA present at the proximal duodenum, L-His could have at first a limiting effect on the performance of growing young bulls with high body gain. Arg and Met, but not Lys, could be second or co-limiting AA.     

Enhancement of hepatocellular proliferative activity of kojic acid in mice by a simultaneous administration of ascorbic acid

To examine the tumor modification activity of kojic acid (KA) by sodium ascorbic acid (AA), 5-week-old male ICR mice were administered intraperitoneally with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as an initiation treatment. Two weeks after the initiation treatment, animals were fed basal diet containing 0 (Group 1: DEN alone) or 3% KA (Group 3: DEN+KA), drinking water containing 5,000 ppm AA (Group 2: DEN+AA) or 3% KA and 5,000 ppm AA (Group 4: DEN+KA+AA) for 6 weeks. One week after the administration of KA and/or AA, all mice were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy. At the end of the experimental period, all surviving mice were sacrificed and removed the liver. The liver weights of the Groups 3 and 4 were significantly increased, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive hepatocytes and the gene expressions of Ccnc, Ccnd1, Ercc and Cyp7a1 were significantly increased in the Group 4, as compared to the Group 1. These results of the present study suggest that AA enhances the hepatocellular proliferative activity of KA in mice.     

Protection of cattle and swine against foot-and-mouth disease, using biosynthetic peptide vaccines

A single dose of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus protein 1 (VP1) peptide, expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with 190 amino acids (AA) of the LE' protein of the tryptophan operon of E coli, elicited an immune response in steers sufficient to withstand the challenge of exposure to animals with acute FMD. The 58-micrograms dose of viral peptide, composed of a segment of the VP1 from the A12 strain (A12) of FMD virus (FMDV; A12-32dimer) in a tandem repeat configuration of AA137 through 168 and emulsified with oil adjuvant, elicited a serologic response in cattle equivalent to that obtained using conventional whole virus vaccines. Two groups of swine were vaccinated, 1 with the A12-32dimer as used in cattle and 1 with AA131 through 157 from VP1 of the A24 strain (A24) of FMDV (A24-peptide), expressed in the same system as A12-32dimer, but as a single copy per molecule. In swine, the 58-micrograms dose of the A12-32dimer repeated at 28 days was an effective immunogen; all swine were protected against A12 and, in addition, the vaccine protected 50% of the swine against A24. The 29-micrograms dose of A24-peptide, administered according to the same schedule, elicited protection against A24 in 50% of the vaccinates and, in addition, protected 25% of those vaccinates against A12. The serologic response elicited by A12-32dimer against A24 virus was considerably greater than the response elicited by A24-peptide against A12 virus. The evidence of multiple immunogenic epitopes between AA131 and AA168 was evaluated.     

Effects of two phytases on the ileal apparent digestibility of minerals and amino acids in ileo-rectal anastomosed pigs fed on a maize–rapeseed meal diet

Phosphorus (P) from plant-derived feedstuffs is mainly in the form of phytic-P, which has a very low bioavailability in monogastric animals. The non-absorbed phytic-P may contribute to P pollution, reduce mineral bioavailability and might reduce protein digestibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the recommended levels of Ronozyme® P CT 5000 (750 U/kg — RP) and Natuphos® 5000 (500 U/kg — Nat) on the ileal apparent digestibility of total P, phytates (Phy), calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (N), energy, and amino acids (AA) in 60-day-old ileo-rectal anastomosed pigs. In a double Latin square design they were fed ad libitum either a maize–rapeseed meal based diet or this diet supplemented with RP or with Nat. RP and Nat increased the digestibility of P by 148% and 162%, of Phy by 84% and 76%, and of Ca by 44% and 50%, respectively. The total N digestibility was increased by 4% with RP (P < 0.01) and by 1% with Nat. A numerically increase of the digestibility of most of the AA was observed for Nat and of all AA for RP. Threonine digestibility was significantly increased by RP (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that phytases are able to increase the availability of proteins.