松材线虫和拟松材线虫繁殖能力差异研究

松材线虫作为外来入侵种,逐步取代拟松材线虫占据生态位。初步研究表明这可能与两种线虫的繁殖能力差异关系密切。本研究采取了两种方法,即离体条件竞争试验和体内竞争试验比较二者繁殖力。结果表明,松材线虫的繁殖水平明显高于拟松材线虫。松材线虫和拟松材线虫混合物长时间培养后,松材线虫逐步竞争淘汰拟松材线虫。除此以外,离体培养和体内竞争结果均表明,竞争条件下松材线虫的繁殖力高于非竞争条件。     

拟松材线虫研究进展

松材线虫和拟松材线虫共同构成松材线虫复合群体,为松材线虫病的病原物。拟松材线虫危害过去没有引起足够重视,相关研究工作不如松材线虫细致。近年来,随着拟松材线虫致病性增强现象不断被报道,人们逐步加强了拟松材线虫研究。本文从拟松材线虫分类学特征、致病性研究及与松材线虫关系等角度对拟松材线虫研究进展进行综述,并展望未来可能的研究热点。     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫不同株系致病性的研究*

１９９０－１９９３年，从国内外收集的松材线虫９个株系和拟松材线虫５个株系，用皮接法接种３－６年生的松苗，测定线虫的致病性。结果表明，松材线虫的致病力明显高于拟松材线虫，其中国内的５个株系致病力最高，拟松林线虫通常不致病或致病力极低，在同一线虫种内，株系间致病力随寄主不同而不同。在寄主死亡速度上，寄主相同并死亡率相同或相近时，采自南京、广东马尾松病树上的线虫株系接种后，寄主平均死亡时间略短于其它株系     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫的杂交遗传差异研究*

运用杂交方法对来自南京、四川、日本、法国和加拿大等地的松材线虫和拟松材线虫共１０个株系作遗传分析，结果表明中国的松材线虫和拟松材线虫能杂交成功，但后代数量少且大多不孕，两者间遗传差异较大，这两种线虫各株系间无明显差异。当中国线虫分别与日本、法国、加拿大株系杂交时，无论种间或种内均有差异，前者差异更显著。种间杂交中多数后代雌虫较难与父本加交产生子代幼虫。种间杂交在产生正常后代的同时也产生１０％～６０     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫杂交试验及后代繁殖力研究

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus和拟松材线虫B.mucronatus是伞滑刃属内两个独立的种,均可引起松材线虫病。松材线虫与拟松材线虫能否进行种间杂交在学术界一直存在争议。采用4个虫株在实验室条件下开展了杂交试验及杂交后代繁殖力研究。结果表明:实验室条件下松材线虫和拟松材线虫可成功杂交,他们之间未发展出严格的生殖隔离,二者极可能来源于同一祖先。     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫迁移能力的比较

松材线虫病,又称松树萎蔫病、松树枯萎病,是由松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)引起的一种毁灭性森林病害。松材线虫原来广泛分布于北美地区,但在原产地并未造成严重危害。1905     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫雄虫交合伞形状的比较

松材线虫和拟松材线虫雄虫交合伞形状的比较刘伟，杨宝君关键词松材线虫，拟松材线虫，雄虫交合伞松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害。病原松材线虫ＢｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓＮｉｃｋｌｅ（简作Ｂｘ）的形态与非病原拟松材线虫Ｂ．ｍｕｃｒｏｎ...     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫杂交及后代的致病性

收集松材线虫5虫株与拟松材线虫1虫株进行生物学杂交,结果显示:松材线虫各虫株均能与拟松材线虫杂交且杂交率均较高,但杂交后代中普遍存在线虫死亡率较高的现象.用杂交后代线虫与未杂交亲本线虫分别接种2年生马尾松苗,结果表明杂交后代线虫对接种松苗的致病性小于其未杂交亲本线虫,从接种后萎蔫的松苗中再分离线虫,杂交后代线虫再分离数远少于亲本线虫数.     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫不同株系线粒体DNA RAPD分析

对松材线虫7个株系和拟松材线虫2个株系的线粒体DNA随机扩增多态性分析结果显示,松材线虫和拟松材线虫种间和种内都表现出很大的变异性,但种间变异明显大于种内变异,因而支持将松材线虫和拟松材线虫划分为两个不同的种.两个拟松材线虫株系(法国株系和日本株系)之间的相似值和松材线虫各株系间的相似值极为接近,由此看来,这两个株系的变异为种内变异,应同属于一个种.聚类分析的结果表明,松材线虫和拟松材线虫系两个明显不同的类群,即松材线虫类群和拟松材线虫类群.松材线虫类群又分为两个亚组,一个是以日本株系为代表,另一个是以北美洲(美国和加拿大)株系为代表.     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫家系建立及其致病力测定

遗传背景相对一致、致病力稳定的植物线虫材料是开展其遗传学和致病机制研究的基础。对分别来自中国和日本的4个松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)和1个拟松材线虫(B.mucronatus)虫株采用两条幼虫配对在葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)基质上进行单异活体共培养的方法获得了若干个遗传背景相对一致线虫家系,家系成功率为13.3%～20%。线虫家系在盛有灰葡萄孢培养基质的、直径为9 cm的培养皿上取食完全所需的时间为10～44天。对不同家系进行了致病力测定表明,家系间的致病力分化明显。综合考虑感病率、感病指数、接种松苗死亡历期等指标,其中松材线虫家系AN19#F1的致病力最强,而拟松材线虫虫株AN5#所建家系都没有表现致病力。     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫的几种鉴别方法

在形态、生化与分子以及致病性3个方面综述了松材线虫和拟松材线虫的鉴别方法,旨在为松材线虫病的防治和进出口检疫提供更多更安全的检疫方法,同时为更好的区别两种线虫提供理论依据。     

徂徕山病死松树中线虫的分离及鉴定

徂徕山林场地处鲁中山区的中心位置,具有重要的生态价值。近年徂徕山林场出现了松树的枯死现象,影响了徂徕山松林生态系统的健康和景观。为探究徂徕山松树死亡的原因,分析松树死亡是否与松材线虫病有关系,本研究调查了徂徕山10个林区,采集了969个样品,从线虫形态学、分子序列测定方面进行了鉴定和分析。研究显示,在徂徕山衰弱、病死木中未发现松材线虫,但是发现了大量的拟松材线虫(Bursaphelenchusmucronatus)。     

Interspecific hybridization between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen that causes pine wilt disease, which has greatly damaged forests and ecosystems in countries of East Asia and Europe.Bursaphelenchus mucronatus is closely related to B. xylophilus in morphology and host plant specificity. A longrunning debate has existed regarding whether these two species can successfully produce hybrid offspring. In the present study, we performed in the laboratory, hybridization of two B. xylophilus nematode isolates from China and Japan and three B. mucronatus isolates from China, Japan and France. Nematode isolates of B. xylophilus were successfully crossed with B. mucronatus isolates, and the rate of hybridization was relatively high; however, some hybrid offspring died. Successful hybridization occurred between B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus isolates from China, and 22 generations of hybrids were produced. All F1 hybrids could be backcrossed with their parents and produce offspring. Variation in mucro length among the hybrid offspring and their parents was observed. The hybrid offspring and their parents were inoculated into 3-months-old black pine(Pinus tunbergii) seedlings. Weaker pathogenicity of hybrid offspring was observed compared with that of their parents, and significantly fewer offspring nematodes than parents were reisolated from pines. Therefore, the offspring of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus may exist in the forest and could influence disease epidemics.     

宁波市东部用二阶原虫除害法防治松材线虫病效果评价

本文认为用二阶原点除害法清理松材虫病死树能取得次年病死树防治效果（减退率下降５３．２％）,部分林地防治无效是由于防治质量差,松林火灾、人为传播和自然传播因子所致。     

贵州省拟松材线虫病的风险性分析

采用多指标综合评价方法对贵州省拟松材线虫病的危险性进行了分析。通过风险性分析和计算,得出拟松材线虫是松树的重要病害种类,其R值为1.74,属于中度危险的林业有害生物。在此基础上,探讨了贵州省拟松材线虫病的风险管理方法。     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫分泌的纤维素酶系研究

采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、微晶纤维素(MC)和水杨素(SC)三种底物,用刚果红染色法和DNS法分别定性和定量分析了松材线虫和拟松材线虫分泌物中纤维素酶系组分和酶活力.结果表明,松材线虫和拟松材线虫分泌物中存在完全降解纤维素所需的3种酶系组分:内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶、外切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶,松材线虫分泌物中三种酶活力明显高于拟松材线虫酶活力.研究结果为更好的解释松材线虫致病机理提供了科学数据.     

Discrimination of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelencus mucronatus by PCR-RFLP technique

A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to discriminate isolates of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus. The amplifications of B. xylophilus isolates yielded one fragment of approximately 890 bp and that of B. mucronatus was about 930 bp. Digestion of amplified products of each nematode isolate with five restriction endonucleases revealed the following results: 1) Dra I digestion of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) products of B. xylophilus populations yielded two fragments of 510 and 380 bp. Dra I could not digest the ITS products of B. mucronatus populations; 2) Sal I could not digest the ITS products of all B. xylophilus populations, but it could digest those of B. mucronatus populations into two fragments, which were 720 and 220 bp; 3) digested products of four B. xylophilus populations by Msp I yielded two fragments of 530 and 360 bp, except GZ02, which could not be digested. B. mucronatus populations yielded three fragments: 340, 290, and 180 bp; 4) all populations of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus could not be digested by Apa I; 5) digestion of the ITS products of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus yielded two fragments of 520 and 370 bp, and 530 and 400 bp respectively. The restriction endonucleases Dra I and Sal I could be used to identify B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus. Because the results of digestion of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus were markedly different, they were very easy to be identified and applied; Msp I and Xho I were not suitable for identification of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus and Apa I could not identify and distinguish between B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 2005, 30(4): 5–9 [译自: 南京林业大学学报]     

国内部分地区松材线虫和拟松材线虫基因多态性的RAPD分析

采用SDS法提取线虫基因组DNA,分别选取了6种随机引物对部分地区的10株松材线虫和10株拟松材线虫进行随机扩增和亲缘关系比较。RAPD的结果可以明显区分松材线虫和拟松材线虫,与形态学分类相吻合。聚类分析的结果也表明,线虫种内和种间均存在差异,但种间差异明显大于种内差异,同种线虫在同一地区或临近地区的同源性明显高于其它地区,同一地区内寄主对线虫种类分布的影响较小。该方法具有所需样品量少、检测灵敏度高、结果准确等优点,为松材线虫种群的亲缘关系、传播途径及其检测防疫等方面提供一种灵敏、可靠的研究方法。