国产人造板宽带砂光机功率谱密度和试验模态分析

以国产B229型四四砂架人造板双面宽带砂光机为研究对象,从易产生横纹缺陷入手,对其砂架部件、整机等分别采用试验模态分析(EMA)及功率谱密度法(PSD)来开展振动动态特性研究。在模态试验中,采取测量点固定、改变激振点的跑点测量方法,得到固定测量点对各激振点频响函数,并应用SISO频响函数识别法,通过频响函数曲线拟合来完成模态参数识别,获到典型的整机、砂架部件的频响函数图和接触辊的二阶振型图。通过PSD分析,获得砂光机的PSD图谱和激励频率等。     

汽车鼓式制动器制动鼓的模态分析

采用有限元分析法对汽车鼓式制动器制动鼓的动态特性进行理论计算和研究.建立了制动鼓的有限元模型,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对模型进行分析计算,得出制动鼓的各阶频率及振型,对计算结果进行了模态分析.在模态分析和模态振型的基础上提出了修改制动鼓的结构参数、材料参数以及在模型上添加质量块或加强筋的措施与方法,以错开各零部件的固有频率范围,降低振动噪声.     

木结构建筑楼盖结构模态试验及其有限元分析

研究了木结构建筑楼盖结构振动特性与建筑舒适度耦合性能,对其开展有限元振动模型计算、模态试验及振型和舒适度分析。结果表明:楼盖结构基频模拟值、单向模态试验值和双向模态试验值均满足楼盖结构不小于15.623Hz设计要求;楼盖结构经有限元模拟计算的前三阶固有频率中,其基频振型为长度、宽度方向的弯曲振型,第二阶为长度方向的弯曲振型,第三阶为宽度方向的弯曲振型;楼盖结构的双向模态试验的基频呈x向的一阶弯曲振形;二阶固有频率呈x向的二阶弯曲振形。     

基于ANSYS的圆锯片模态分析和振动分析

利用ANSYS有限元软件,通过对圆锯片的模态分析,研究其低频范围的横向振动问题.通过软件分析得出圆锯片相应模态下的固有频率和振型.并利用动态信号测试分析系统对圆锯片相应模态的固有频率进行检测,得出圆锯片的固有频率与节圆数和节径数的变化规律,圆锯片边缘的位移矢量和与节圆数、节径数的关系,并指出在不了解圆锯片弹性模量、泊松比和密度等参数的条件下利用动态信号测试分析系统对圆锯片的模态进行检测具有一定的可行性.     

古筝琴板的振动特性初探研究

木质乐器的好坏与木质板材的振动特性有着密切关系。以古筝为例,对琴板振动特性进行了理论分析与试验研究。分析了板的弯曲和扭转振动理论,得出琴板扭转和弯曲振动的固有频率值;通过自由振动试验和弯曲与扭转振动模态试验,得到琴板的自由振动时域图和频谱图及其弯曲振型和扭转振型图;通过理论分析与试验结果对比,验证了古筝琴板振动特性试验方法与结果的有效性,为古筝琴板及其他乐器木质板材的筛选与生产提供了一种有效的科学手段。     

基于有限元的箱型桥式起重机主梁模态分析

根据主梁的结构特点,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立有限元模型,对桥式起重机正轨箱形主梁进行模态分析,得出主梁结构前6阶的固有频率和相应振型,找出主梁振动的危险区域,为桥式起重机主梁结构设计和改造提供一定参考。     

模态分析技术在木材性质检测中应用的研究进展

简要叙述运用模态分析技术进行木材检测的原理，归纳近年来模态分析技术在板材、原木以及其它木制产品性质检测中的研究进展，在此基础上提出用于木材性质检测的模态分析技术的发展趋势。     

斜拉索-粘性阻尼器系统动力特性分析的模态坐标法

粘性阻尼器是抑制斜拉桥拉索振动的一种有效方式.设计拉索减振系统的一个关键步骤是确定斜拉桥-粘性阻尼器系统的等效阻尼比,因此提出了一种分析这一问题的模态坐标法.通过准确地选取第一振型的振型函数,只需50阶振型就可得到满意的效果.以一根实桥拉索的设计参数为例,应用本方法考察了各种因素对模态阻尼比的影响.     

基于有限元的3UPS-PU并联机构关键件分析

以采样封装专项实验平台3UPS-PU并联机构为研究目标,剖析了机构的结构和其关键件U4十字铰。运用ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件,构建了U4十字铰基于有限元的分析模型。通过对U4十字铰的静力学分析,得到应力和应变的分布情状,验证了U4十字铰承受载荷的能力。通过对U4十字铰两种状况(有预应力、无预应力)的模态分析,获得U4十字铰的固有频率值和振型图,探究了U4十字铰的固有频率值和振型在该机构运动过程中对动态特性的影响。这些对3UPS-PU并联机构关键件U4十字铰的结构优化设计具有重要意义,同时也适用于类似结构的分析。     

汽车驱动桥壳的有限元动态分析

根据汽车振动及有限元理论,建立了桥壳动态分析的力学模型,在计算机上利用先进的有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立桥壳的有限元动态模型,并进行了有限元的模态分析和瞬时动态分析。在模态分析中,桥壳有限元模型的固有频率及振型的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;在瞬态分析中,可确定桥壳上各点承受随时间变化载荷的位移及应力等动态响应,从而完善了车桥的有限元动态设计方法。     

植物油涂饰处理对热改性落叶松耐候特性的影响

参考芬兰Thermo-Wood~?工艺规程,对落叶松板材分别在160、180和200℃常压过热蒸汽环境下进行高温热改性处理;随后对经过热改性后的板材及常规室干对照板材分别进行了天然植物油涂饰处理,分别使用商品化木蜡油(底油和面油)、自制木油(预聚合大豆油)。在人工模拟高湿环境下测试各类植物油涂饰后的木材相对吸湿率、平衡含水率及橫纹相对变形率等各项技术指标。结果表明,热改性木材经植物油表面涂饰处理后,天然植物油蜡成分有效地浸入木材细胞壁组织,木材表层组织对环境湿度变化的敏感性降低。三种涂饰处理方法中,涂饰商品化木蜡油底油、木蜡油面油的方案最为有效,其木材横纹相对变形率均较未涂饰木材显著降低;随着热改性温度的升高,各类涂饰试件的平衡含水率、相对吸湿率呈现总体下降趋势,加热温度对各类试件的平衡含水率、相对吸湿率存在显著影响。     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood I: determination of localized defects in wood by the shape of the flexural vibration wave

This study was intended to detect nondestructively some defects such as knots and grain deviations in wood using modal analysis. The shapes of flexural vibration waves at the first mode generated by the tapping of wooden beams were determined using the transfer function. The wave shapes obtained were compared with the theoretical wave shape for a uniform material; and the possibility of detecting defects in wood was examined. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The shapes of flexural vibration waves at the first mode of wooden beams free of defects coincided almost completely with the theoretical wave shape. (2) The shapes of flexural vibration waves of wooden beams containing defects such as knots clearly differed from the theoretical wave shape, especially near the defect. (3) Based on these results, it should be possible to detect the presence of defects and to determine their location in wood.Part of this report was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999. This article is translated from the Japanese edition published inMokuzai Gakkaishi Vol. 47, No. 4, 1988     

Application of modal-based damage-detection method to locate and evaluate damage in timber beams

Modal-based damage-detection algorithms were used to identify the location of defects commonly found in timber and to estimate their severities. In this study, the authors propose modifications to an existing damage-detection algorithm for locating and evaluating damage by comparing the modal strain energy before and after damage using the first two flexural modes of vibration. Experimental verification was performed on pin-pin supported timber beams by employing the algorithms with extracted modal parameters using experimental modal analysis. Single and multiple cases of damage used to simulate pocket(s) of rot with various severities were inflicted by removing sections of timber beam specimens. The proposed damage indicator, computed from the first two flexural modes, was capable of detecting all damage locations. It was also able to estimate, with reasonable accuracy, the severity of damage in term of loss of sectional moment of inertia. The modified damage index method is generally reliable in detecting the location and estimating the severity of simulated defects in timber beams.     

Applicability of Visual Grading to Chinese Fir Structural Lumber

As one of the most important plantations, Chinese fir has drawn more and more attention from domestic wood researchers. And as the development and increasing of plantation resource of Chinese fir, research and development of the product will become a hot point. In this paper, we chose 1 571 pieces of structural lumbers from 4 areas to research grading. After sawing, drying and dressing, the lumbers were separated into 3 main grades by GB50005-2003 Code for Design of Timber Structures, namely SS, No. 1 and No.2. The conclusions are that knot as the maximum strength reduced defect （MSRD） is a main character in the lumber, the visual quality of Fujian structural lumbers is polarized, and the applicability of visual grading to the lumber is poor, so we hold the point that we should adjust the grading rules to gain a better grading result.     

Differences of tensile strength distributions between mechanically high-grade and low-grade Japanese larch lumber III: effect of knot restriction on the strength of lumber

It is well known that the presence of knots in structural lumber is one of the most important strengthreducing factors. For practical purposes, visual grading including knot restriction is an effective method for nondestructive evaluation of strength. Edge knot restriction for not only visually graded lumbers but also mechanically graded lumbers is specified in the Japanese agricultural standards for glued laminated lumber. We conducted experimental studies on differences of tensile strength distributions between mechanically high-grade and low-grade Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi, carriere) lumbers daily used for manufacturing glued laminated timbers in Nagano, Japan. We then examined the additional visual grading of mechanically graded lumbers for nondestructive evaluation. We visually graded the prepared mechanically graded lumber by focusing on the knots' area ratio of grouped knots. We confirmed that the higher visual grade related to the stronger tensile strength, similar to our present knowledge; but the effects of knot restriction were reduced when the length of the lumber increased in view of nonparametric 5th percentiles of tensile strength. The differences in the strength/elasticity ratio between mechanically high-grade and low-grade lumber were negligible. It was clear that the length effect on the ratio in visually graded high-grade lumber was smaller than that of visually graded low-grade lumber. It was thus concluded that knot restriction should have little effect on the tensile strength of mechanically graded lumber.     

Assessment of flexural properties of different grade dimension lumber by ultrasonic technique

The dimension lumber （45mm×90mm×3700mm） of plantation Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） was graded to four different classes as SS, No. 1, No.2 and No.3, according to national lumber grades authority （NLGA） for structure light framing and structure joists and planks. The properties of apparent density was determined at 15% moisture content, bending strength and stiffness were tested according to American Society for Testing and Materials （ASTM） D198-99, and dynamic modulus of elasticity （Eusw） was measured by ultrasonic technique, for predicting the flexural properties of different grade lumbers. The results showed that Eosw was larger than the static MOE. The relationship between Eusw and static MOE was significant at 0.01 level, and the determination coefficients （R2） of the four grade lumbers followed the sequence as R^2No.2 （0.616）〉 R^2ss （0.567）〉 R^2No1 （0.366）〉 R^2No.3 （0.137）. The R^2 of Fusw and MOR were lower than that of the Etru and MOR for each grade. The Eusw of all the grade lumbers, except No.3-grade, had significant correlation with the static MOE and MOR, thus the bending strengthof those grade lumbers can be estimated by the E The Etru valuesof four grade lumbers followed a sequence as No.2-grade （10.701 GPa） 〉 SS-grade （10.359 GPa） 〉 No.l-grade （9.840 GPa） 〉 No.3-grade （9.554 GPa）. For the same grade dimension lumber, its Eusw value was larger than static MOE. Mean values of MOR for four grade lumbers follow a sequence as No.2-grade （48.67 MPa） 〉 SS-grade （48.16 MPa） 〉 No.3-grade （46.55 MPa） 〉 No. 1-grade （43.39MPa）.     

Effects of preheating temperatures on the formation of sandwich compression and density distribution in the compressed wood

Sandwich compression of wood that can control the density and position of compressed layer(s) in the compressed wood provides a promising pathway for full valorization of low-density plantation wood. This study aims at investigating the effects of preheating temperatures (60–210 °C) on sandwich compression of wood, with respect to density distribution, position and thickness of the compressed layer(s). Poplar (Populus tomentosa) lumbers with moisture content below 10.0% were first soaked in water for 2 h and stored in a sealed plastic bag for 18 h, the surface-wetted lumbers were preheated on hot plates at 60–210 °C and further compressed from 25 to 20 cm under 6.0 MPa at the same temperature on the radial direction. The compressed lumbers were characterized in terms of density distribution, position and thickness of compressed layer(s). It was found that depending on preheating temperatures, sandwich compressed wood with three structural modes, namely, surface compressed wood, internal compressed wood and central compressed wood can be formed. Density of the compressed layer(s) in wood increased gradually as a result of the elevated preheating temperatures. Higher preheating temperatures gave rise to bigger distance between compressed layer(s) and the surface, and preheating temperature elevation from 90 to 120 °C contributed to a maximal distance increase of 2.71 mm. In addition, higher preheating temperatures resulted in bigger thickness of compressed layer(s) over 60–150 °C and temperature elevation from 120 to 150 °C lead to the layers integration from two into one. Further temperature elevation over 150 °C reduced the thickness of the compressed layer in wood. SEM scanning suggested that cell wall bucking rather than cell wall crack occurred in compressed layer(s) and transition layer(s).     

Power spectrum density and experimental modal analysis of wide belt sander applied in domestic wood industry

This paper took the upper-lower wide belt sander B229 with four-feet wide belts, manufactured in China, as the study target. By means of framework dynamic design, we study its vibration characteristics by commencing from the place having horizontal defects and used experimental modal analysis (EMA) and power spectrum density (PSD) to observe the sanding parts and the whole machine, respectively. In the modal test, we mainly adopted the cross spots testing method to get the frequency response function of the fixed spots to every excitation vibration spot, then applied the SISO frequency response function and the frequency response function fitting method to identify and complete parameter recognition, respectively. The typical frequency response function chart of the whole machine and its sanding parts, as well as its second-order mode charts of contacting roller, were obtained. Through PSD analysis, we can get the amplitude-frequency spectrum and drive frequency. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 132–137 [译自: 林业科学]