母犬产后的护理

母犬产后身体疲劳、体质虚弱,应该依照以下几点精心护理。（一）母犬分娩结束后,其外阴部、后躯及乳房部位会沾染许多污秽,要用温水或热的湿毛巾洗净擦干,保持体表清洁。更换被污染的褥垫及注意保温。分娩完后可注射缩宫素,可收缩子宫、止血、催奶,并且连续三天注射抗生素,防止产后感染。（二）母犬在分娩过程中大多会把产仔的胎衣吃掉,因此刚分娩过的母犬一般不进食,可先喂一些葡萄糖酸钙的温水,5～6小时后补充一些鸡蛋和牛奶,一方面补充腹压,另一方面促使体力恢复,直到24小时后正式开始喂食。     

母犬的助产及初生仔犬的护理

母犬一般能自然生产,无需人为助产。但由于各方面因素的影响,有些母犬往往不能完全独立的完成分娩,这就需要人为地帮助母犬进行分娩。发生分娩异常时,应及早助产,可避免母犬和仔犬受到危     

产后母犬及新生犬的护理

母犬在产后1周内抗病能力非常差,易引发产后癫痫、褥疮、乳腺炎等.新生犬抵抗力较弱,易发生各种疾病.所以加强母犬的产后护理对确保母犬安全和新生仔犬健康成长十分重要.     

母犬的分娩与仔犬的护理

本文简要介绍了母犬的分娩前准备、产前预兆、分娩过程、接产的方法．难产的分类检查、救助原则和预防措施以及仔是的护理．目的是提高养犬人员在母犬的接产和仔是护理方面的基本技能。     

新生仔犬及产后母犬的护理

1新生仔犬的护理新生仔犬又称初生仔犬,是指从出生到脐带断端干燥、脱落这段时间的仔犬,大约3d左右。1.1加强观察新生仔犬活动能力很差,而且眼睛和耳朵都完全闭着,随时有被母犬压死、踩伤的可能,也有爬不到母犬身边因冻伤、吃不到初乳而挨饿等现象,这些都需要有人随时发现并     

母犬的产前、产后管理要点

母犬的分娩是犬繁育的一个重要环节,也是养犬者很关心的一项工作。掌握母犬临产前的征兆,并做好相应的准备,有利于帮助母犬顺利生产和保护母犬的安全,提高养犬的效益。     

母犬的产前、产后管理要点

母犬的分娩是犬繁育的一个重要环节,也是养犬者很关心的一项工作,掌握母犬临产前的征兆,并做好相应的准备,有利于帮助母犬顺利生产和保护母犬的安全,提高养犬的效益。     

母犬产后低血钙症治疗一例

母犬产后低血钙症亦称产后肢搦症，泌乳期惊噘、产后子痫，是母犬分娩后一种严重的代谢紊乱性疾病。随着我国养犬业的迅速发展，本病时有发生，仅见于小型易兴奋犬，且多发于产后6～30天。     

母犬产后低钙性抽搐的诊治

宠物犬一般体型较小,大多数畜主是根据犬的喜好来饲喂食物。长期如此,易造成偏食和某些营养物质缺乏。当严重缺钙时,生长犬易发生佝偻病,成年犬易发生软骨病。母犬在怀孕期间要保证胎儿     

子宫蓄脓犬与健康犬子宫内膜基质细胞的分离比较

通过分离子宫蓄脓犬与健康犬子宫内膜基质细胞,观察其生长特性并对其进行细胞免疫荧光鉴定,分析比较该细胞在病犬中是否异常。结果显示,轻度子宫蓄脓犬和健康犬的子宫内膜基质细胞形态和特性基本一致,前者的细胞活性更强,增殖速度较快,可在接种后4 d融合成片,细胞多数呈梭形,少数呈多角状。经细胞免疫荧光鉴定,该细胞表达波形蛋白,阳性率98%以上。结果表明本试验所分离的细胞为犬子宫内膜基质细胞,该细胞在轻度子宫蓄脓犬和健康犬中无明显变化。     

Comparison Between Vestibular and Subcutaneous Insertion of Deslorelin Implants for Oestrus Induction in Bitches

Investigations using sustained-release deslorelin implants at various insertion sites have shown that this method consistently induces oestrus in anoestus bitches. However, fertility comparisons between implant insertion sites have not been performed. Anestrous beagle bitches received one 2.1 mg deslorelin implant beneath the vestibular mucosa (VM group; n = 6) or in the subcutaneous tissue between the shoulder blades (SubQ group; n = 8). Vestibular implants were removed when serum progesterone concentrations first exceeded 1.5 ng/ml. Vaginal cytologies and blood samples were collected daily and bitches were inseminated during oestrus. Serum progesterone and deslorelin concentrations were measured and pregnancy status was determined using ultrasonography. There were no differences between groups in the intervals between implant administration and the onset of proestrus, the time of the luteinizing hormone surge and the onset of cytologic diestrus. There were also no differences in the number of corpora lutea or foetuses. However, conception rate was significantly lower in the SubQ group. The pregnancy rate did not differ significantly between the VM and SubQ groups [4 out of 6 (66.7%) and 3 out of 8 (37.5%), respectively]. One bitch (16.7%) in the VM group and three bitches (37.5%) in the SubQ group suffered distinct, premature declines in serum progesterone concentrations starting 1–4 weeks after cytologic diestrus. Serum progesterone concentrations did not recover (premature luteal failure), resulting in abortion. Bitches with premature luteal failure in the SubQ group still had serum deslorelin concentrations >100 pg/ml 20 days after implant insertion, suggesting a possible association between prolonged deslorelin release and luteal failure.     

Follicular Dynamics, Ovulation and Conception Rates in Bitches

Real-time ultrasound imaging was used in a clinical study to estimate the number of follicles of different sizes, ovulation and conception rates, and to study follicle dynamics following oestrus-induction of bitches.
Follicles were identified during late anoestrus (between 100 and 60 days prior to the pre-ovulatory LH surge) and there appeared to be a shift in the population from small follicles (1–3 mm in diameter) to large follicles (>4 mm diameter) approximately 2 days prior to the LH surge. Corpora lutea could be reliably identified although the majority were cavitated. High ovulation rates (97–100%) and pregnant rates (86–100%) were detected, and although the conception rate was approximately 70% it varied between 8 and 92%. Within the narrow range of the clinical population studied there were trends relating age to reproduction performance. Oestrus induction with a gonadotrophin regime appeared to result in large numbers of small follicles that did not ovulate, whilst when using cabergoline the number of small and large follicels and the number of copora lutea were similar to those of control cycles.     

Gross Pathology and Endocrinology of Ovarian Cysts in Bitches

A total of 73 bitches with ovarian cysts were ovariohysterectomized. Cysts were characterized by gross pathology and endocrine parameters. Therefore, oestradiol‐17ß and progesterone concentrations were assessed in cyst‐fluid and corresponding blood plasma in each bitch. Our data demonstrated that multiple cysts were often present in a single individual (82%) and that cysts were commonly found on both ovaries (77%). The number of cysts per individual varied from 1 to 35. Most cysts were small in size (range 0.2–4.0 cm in diameter). No cyst was found to produce solely oestradiol‐17ß or progesterone. Plasma levels of oestradiol‐17ß and progesterone for a given individual were positively correlated with levels of these same hormones in their cyst‐fluid (r = 0.334 and p = 0.001 for oestradiol‐17ß; r = 0.419 and p < 0.001 for progesterone). Our study is the first to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the gross pathology and endocrinology of ovarian cysts in a larger number of bitches.     

Prediction of Parturition in Bitches Utilizing Continuous Vaginal Temperature Measurement

The objective of this study was to determine sensitivity and specificity of a body temperature decline in bitches to predict parturition. Temperature loggers were placed into the vaginal cavity of 16 pregnant bitches on day 56–61 after estimated ovulation or first mating. This measurement technique has been validated previously and enabled continuous sampling of body temperature. The temperature loggers were expelled from the vagina before delivery of the first pup. The computed values for specificity (77–92%) were higher than sensitivity (53–69%), indicating a more precise prognosis of parturition not occurring. In conclusion, our findings may assist interpreting vaginal temperature measurements in order to predict parturition in bitches.     

Peripartum Haemodynamic Status of Bitches with Normal Birth or Dystocia

There has been limited investigation of parturition in the bitch and there is little information published on clinical and obstetrical examination other than opinion and anecdote. While there are substantial data on haemodynamic and vascular changes during normal parturition in humans, little is known about the physiological events in the dog. This study was aimed at maternal haemodynamic changes occurring during normal parturition and to investigate how these were modified in bitches with dystocia (DYST) treated either medically or via assisted delivery and caesarean operation. Three groups of 10 bitches were investigated; those with normal parturition, those with DYST corrected by manipulative assistance or caesarean operation and those with uterine inertia treated by oxytocin administration. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, electrocardiogram and blood glucose concentration were measured pre-partum, intra-partum, immediately after parturition and 1 h later. Heart rate was high at all times throughout the study and the majority of bitches had normal sinus rhythm. Blood pressure was generally within the normal range, and although systolic and diastolic blood pressure was highest during the intra-partum period and sometimes during the immediate post-partum period, there were no significant differences between groups. All bitches had blood glucose concentrations within the normal range throughout the study although pre-partum concentrations were statistically lower than many of the other time periods. The study provides useful physiological data that will facilitate monitoring and clinical management of bitches throughout normal parturition and DYST.     

A Screening for the Occurrence of Autoreactive Antibodies in Sera of Pregnant and Non-pregnant Bitches

Sera of healthy pregnant (group I, n = 11) and non-pregnant (group II, n = 11) bitches were screened for autoantibodies (AAb). In both groups, blood samples were drawn every fifth day between days 5 and 55 after mating. Serum was analysed via indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) with the Canine ANA HEp-2 Screening Kit. In all animals, anticytoplasmic AAb were detected. Utilizing primate-heart substrate slides AAb against contractile proteins of the cytoplasm could be observed. The predominating fluorescence pattern in pregnant animals resembled above all desmin, which was proven via Western blot. The sera were then pre-incubated with tropomyosin, actin, vimentin, vinculin and keratin solutions, and assessed on HEp-2 slides and on human and canine fibroblasts as well. The latter substrate was used to verify whether the detected Ab were in fact AAb. Utilizing tropomyosin, revealed elimination of the cytoplasmic fluorescences on all three substrates. It is therefore assumed, that in sera of healthy dogs, AAb against contractile structure proteins of the cytoplasm are present regularly. The majority of pregnant bitches presented with higher end-point titres (EPT), than to be found in non-pregnant dogs. AAb against desmin played the key role in those patterns. In addition, sera were screened for thyroid specific AAb, namely thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), T3 and T4, and for AAb against insulin by ELISA or Western blot (TPO). Only in two of the pregnant bitches a weak positive reaction (1:100) for T3-AAb was detected.