应用生物药剂防治舞毒蛾的研究

在2003年,在内蒙古林区利用舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒、BtMP-342、性引诱剂和植物制剂等多种生物措施对舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar L.)进行防治试验.利用两种浓度(2.632×106 PIB·mL-1 and 2.632×107 PIB·mL-1)的舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫进行喷洒试验,防治效果分别达到70%和77.8%.BtMP0-342被用于舞毒蛾3、4龄幼虫的防治,防治效果达80%.性引诱剂在诱捕舞毒蛾成虫时也显示了良好的效果.自制的植物性杀虫剂是从大兴安岭地区有毒植物中提取的植物性杀虫活性物质,对舞毒蛾的幼虫具有良好的防治效果,在实验室内应用原液防治舞毒蛾3,5龄幼虫的效果达82%.     

舞毒蛾生物学特性及防治

在赫章对舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar L生物学特性、生态学习性及防治进行研究.     

Life circle and bionomics ofLymantria dispar L.

The life circle and bionomics ofLymantria dispar was studied from the May to the July of 1997 in Tulihe Forestry Enterprise of Inner Mongolia. The results showed thatL. dispar has one generation in a year, larvae overwinters in eggs, and last 50 days to grow up. From the completing of larvae period to the appearing of adults lasts 11 days. The study made a basis for the period forecasting of L.dispar in Inner Mongolia.     

Monitoring the establishment and prevalence of the fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in two Lymantria dispar L. populations in Bulgaria

The establishment and prevalence of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga, (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales), introduced into two gypsy moth populations in Bulgaria, was monitored during 2000–2004. In the Karlovo Region population, where E. maimaiga was introduced in 1999, the fungus was recovered every year and the prevalence of infection varied from 6.1% to 15.9%. A microsporidian infection caused by an Endoreticulatus sp. (Protista, Microsporidia) was also recorded every year and the prevalence varied from 2.1% and 5.0%. In the Svoge Region population, where E. maimaiga was introduced in late 2000 and first found in 2002, the prevalence of infection varied from 8.8% to 13.8%. Larval parasitism caused by Cotesia melanoscela, Protapanteles liparidis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and species of tachinids (Diptera, Tachinidae) was also recorded in the larvae of both populations. We provide a rationale as to why other countries should consider introducing E. maimaiga for biological control of Lymantria dispar populations.     

舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒室内增殖的研究

试验研究了饲毒龄期、饲毒浓度对舞毒蛾存活、幼虫体质量、虫尸质量和含毒量的影响以及饲毒时间对舞毒蛾含毒量的影响.结果表明:饲毒龄期和饲毒浓度对幼虫存活率和体质量增长均有不同程度的影响,饲毒龄期越小、饲毒浓度越高,死亡时间越早,死亡率越高,体质量增长越缓慢;而且饲毒时龄期越小、饲毒浓度越高,虫尸质量也越小,其含毒量也越低.饲毒时间与含毒量成抛物线型,饲毒时间过短或过长,体内含毒量均较低.由于5龄幼虫饲毒后有78％以上个体发育至蛹期,不发生死亡现象,因此,室内增殖舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒时,应选取4龄初幼虫喂饲1.0×106 PIB·mL-1病毒为宜,接毒10d后开始收集饲毒幼虫.     

Life circle and bionomics of Lymantria dispar L.

Studymethods10IntheMayof1997,theoverwinteredeggsofLymantriadisparwerecollectedinfield,immersedinformalin,anddriedincoolplace.Theeggsweredividedinto4groupswith500eggsineachgroup,putinglassbottles.Theratesofhatchingprogresswereinvestigatedeveryday(LanandWan1996;Zhang1988).Afterhatching,thefirst,secondandthirdinstarlarvaewereraisedwiththeneedlesoflarchinglassbottles.Thelarvaeolderthanthethirdinstarwereraisedoutdooringauzecagesinwhichthebranchesoflarchwereprovided.Thelarvaedevelopedintonextinst…     

Study on isozyme electrophoresis ofMartes zibellina L.

Four isozymes, such as Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Alchol dehydrogenase (ADH), Peroxidae (POD) and Esterase (EST) in six tissues (heart, liver, kidney, muscle, eye, gonad) ofMartes zibellina L., were analyzed by means of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results indicated that the zymograms of these four isozymes in different tissues were different from each other, i.e. there existed apparent tissue-specificitity in these isozymes inMartes zibellina L.. Characteristic enzyme band was found both in POD zymogram and in EST zymogram. Moreover, the characteristic enzyme band in POD isozyme would be of some value to sexual identification ofMartes zibellina L. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

灭幼脲3号和阿维菌素对舞毒蛾幼虫药效试验简报

灭幼脲3号、阿维菌素是无公害生物杀虫剂。笔者采用灭幼脲3号、阿维菌素，对为害麻栎的舞毒蛾幼虫进行了防治试验．并与来福灵、敌敌畏和氧化乐果等化学农药进行对比；结果表明，灭幼脲3号和阿维菌素与其它三种化学农药具有同等的防治效果。     

Chrysolina fastuosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a biological control agent or a possible pest?

A poorly known chrysomelid beetle, Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli) has been found in a strikingly great number on black horehound (Ballota nigra L.), a soft caulescent plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. B. nigra can be found from April to August commonly on roadsides, along walls or at the border of gardens and orchards in Hungary and continental Europe. It can be called a minor weed. The glistering tiny adults that feed voraciously on leaves cause apparently significant damage. The subsequent investigation, which focuses on the number of feeding individuals and the loss of plant tissue, showed 1–24 beetles on a plant and the consumed leave surface which amounted to 8–94%. The repeated damage assessment, a week later showed a significantly unimportant increase in the number of individuals but a significant 20–31% increase in the plant surface loss. According to the literature, Ch. fastuosa has been found in association with other Labiatae plants such as Galeopsis pubescens Besser, Lamium album L. and Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae). Thus, considering its efficiency mentioned above, it could be used to augment and maintain its populations as a biological control agent for these weeds. However, taking into consideration the growing importance of the production of medicinal plants among which Lamiaceae species are numerous, Ch. fastuosa can cause damage that cannot be neglected.     

Comparison of gene delivery methods for transformation ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. by Ti-plasmid

The binary vector plasmid pIG121-Hm carrying the chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase (npt II), β-glucuronidase (gusA) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) genes was delivered intoRobinia pseudoacacia L. callus using theAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method and particle gun transformation method. It was determined that adding 10 mg/L of acetosyringone toAgrobacterium infection medium and callus-Agrobacterium co-culture medium could increaseAgrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency. In contrast, particle gun transformation could successfully deliver plasmid DNA into the callus, but its transformation efficiency was lower and gene expression was transient in comparison with theAgrobacterium-mediated method, suggesting that substantially stronger promoters might be required.     

国内外无患子属种质资源研究进展

无患子属（Sapindus L.）种质资源是无患子产业发展的基础,种质资源研究可为探讨无患子属的起源、进化、分类、资源保护与利用、良种选育、高效栽培等提供科学依据和基础。文中综述了国内外无患子属分类、分布及亲缘关系,种质资源的收集、保存与评价,种质资源多样性等方面的研究进展,得出如下结论:1）世界上无患子属树种共13种,我国分布4种1变种;2）我国多个研究团队收集、保存无患子属种质资源近1 000份,以假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸利用为目标,筛选评价出性状优异的9个种源、7个家系和54株优树;3）无患子种质资源在表型、假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸、遗传等方面多样性丰富,并受环境因子极大的影响,根据遗传多样性分析推测我国无患子起源于自然分布区中部并向四周扩散。研究认为,目前研究仍存在种质资源收集不足、缺乏对该属树种系统研究和无优良品种推出等亟待解决的问题,提出应加强无患子属分子生物学基础研究、以居群为单位加强无患子属种质资源收集和评价力度、加强良种选育和高效培育技术以及国际合作研究等建议,以期为无患子产业可持续发展提供有力支撑,促进无患子属种质资源的开发利用。     

白杨叶甲生物学特性及化学防治技术

白杨叶甲在吉林省延吉市1 a发生1代,以成虫在土内越冬。翌年5月中旬上树危害杨树树叶,6月中旬后新孵化的幼虫开始危害杨树树叶。利用48%乐斯本乳剂1 000倍液常量喷雾防治成虫和利用1 500倍液常量喷雾防治幼虫,防治效果分别达到90.6%和94.9%。     

Plantlets regeneration from root explants ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. by suspension culture

A rapid and efficient method for the regeneration of plantlets from root explants ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. by suspension culture was established. The roots taken from aseptically grown 15-day-old seedlings were used as explants. It was determined that photoperiodicity was necessary for root proliferation, and that the promotive effect of IAA (3-indoleacetic acid) on root proliferation was better than that of IBA (3-indolebutyric acid). The roots cultured in 1/2 MS liquid medium containing 3 μM IAA and 1% sucrose at 25°C under 16-hour photoperiod with 50 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹ PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) shaking at 100 times/min reciprocally showed high efficiency for root proliferation. BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) was found to be essential to induce adventitious shoots from the roots, and the roots cultured in the medium supplied with 3 μM BAP combined with 1–6 μM IAA for 3 weeks under the same conditions as in the root proliferation period were most suitable for adventitious shoot inducement.     

Influence of food supplementation on the fitness of two biological control agents: a predatory nabid bug and a bollworm pupal parasitoid

Many arthropod predators and parasitoids exhibit either stage-specific or lifetime omnivory, in that they include extra-floral nectar, floral nectar, honeydew or pollen in their immature and/or adult diet. Access to these plant-derived foods can enhance pest suppression by increasing both the individual fitness and local density of natural enemies. Commercial products such as Amino-Feed^®, Envirofeast^®, and Pred-Feed^® can be applied to crops to act as artificial-plant-derived foods. In laboratory and glasshouse experiments we examined the influence of carbohydrate and protein rich Amino-Feed UV^® or Amino-Feed, respectively, on the fitness of a predatory nabid bug Nabis kinbergii Reuter (Hemiptera: Nabidae) and bollworm pupal parasitoid Ichneumon promissorius (Erichson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Under the chosen conditions, the provision of either wet or dry residues of Amino-Feed UV had no discernable effect on immediate or longer-term survival and immature development times of N. kinbergii. In contrast, the provision of honey, Amino-Feed plus extrafloral nectar, and extrafloral nectar alone had a marked effect on the longevity of I. promissorius, indicating that they were limited by at least carbohydrates as an energy source, but probably not protein. Compared with a water only diet, the provision of Amino-Feed plus extrafloral nectar increased the longevity of males and females of I. promissorius by 3.0- and 2.4-fold, respectively. Not only did female parasitoids live longer when provided food, but the total number of eggs laid and timing of deposition was affected by diet under the chosen conditions. Notably, females in the water and honey treatments deposited greater numbers of eggs earlier in the trial, but this trend was unable to be sustained over their lifetime. Egg numbers in these treatments subsequently fell below the levels achieved by females in the Amino-Feed plus extrafloral nectar and cotton extrafloral nectar only treatments. Furthermore, there were times when the inclusion of the Amino-Feed was beneficial compared with cotton extrafloral nectar only. Artificial food supplements and plant-derived foods are worthy of further investigation because they have potential to improve the ecosystem service of biological pest control in targeted agroecosystems by providing natural enemies with an alternative source of nutrition, particularly during periods of prey/host scarcity.     

杨树育苗常见病害防治技术探析

杨树是我国常见树种,不仅用途广泛,例如,防风固沙、原材料供应等,而且还可以将其作为景观树.只有质量优异、数量充足的苗木才能保障杨树实现广泛种植,从而发挥其作用.在杨树育苗过程中,常见病害主要有叶锈病、腐烂病、黑斑病、溃疡病、灰斑病等,倘若未能有效防治病害,那么就会影响到苗木质量.基于此,将着重针对这几种常见病害的防治技...     

A novel hepatoprotective saponin from Celosia cristata L.

A new saponin, cristatain (1), together with four other saponins, celosin A (2), celosin B (3), celosin C (4) and celosin D (5) were isolated from the seeds of Celosia cristata L. (Amaranthaceae). Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. For the first time, the saponins were found in C. cristata L. In addition, compound 1 exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)- and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)–induced hepatotoxicity in mice, which were evidenced by significant decreases in the values of asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of serum and histopathological examinations compared to controls.     

杨干象几种防治方法的效果对比

对杨干象的几种不同防治方法的防治效果进行对比试验调查,找出杨干象的操作简便、效果最佳的防治方法,更好地指导杨干象的防治工作。结果表明：采用2．5％溴氰菊酯350mL加10奴废机油混合制剂硬毛刷点涂蛀入孔和排粪孔,然后薄膜封缠蛀蚀干部的方法防治杨于象,药效持续时间长,防治效果较好,被害杨树伤口愈合较快。其次是注射2．5％溴氰菊酯350mL加10kg水混合制剂防治方法,适合幼虫期的杨干象防治,防治效果表现最佳。刀针锥刺法在滦平县最适合在5月上中旬的幼虫期,对表皮相对光滑坚硬的杨树树种进行杨干象防治,防治效果较好。杨干象成虫防治在成虫始化期采取2．5％溴氰菊酯350mL加10kg废机油混合制剂涂毒环阻隔法防治效果较好。     

Two new amide alkaloids from the flower of Datura metel L.

Two new amide alkaloids were isolated from the alkaloidal fraction of Datura metel L. Their structures were elucidated as (E)-methyl 4-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacrylamido) butanoate and 6,7-dimethyl-1-D-ribityl-quinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione-5′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic methods including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Tropane alkaloids have for a long time been considered as characteristic ingredients of D. metel. However, the presence of amide alkaloids in D. metel was reported for the first time in this study.     

杜鹃花培育及常见病虫害防治技术研究进展

介绍了杜鹃花的天然分布,生物、生态学特性,观赏、药用和生态价值。综述了近年来对杜鹃花常见病虫害的防治方法及培育技术、研究进展等。     

Study on biological characteristics ofHendersornia acicola

The morphological and cultural characteristics ofHendersonia acicola Munch & Tub., isolated from the needles ofPinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litvin, were described. The fungi was cultured on three kinds of media and the speed of mycelial growth and the required time to produce conidia were different. On the medium of needle decoction agar, the fungi grew fast and produced conidia after 5 days culturing. On PDA came second and it needed 7 days to produce conidia. On the medium of maize flour agar, it grew slowly and produces conidia after 27 days incubating. The fungi cannot produce conidia under darkness on all three kinds of media. The conidia can germinate at 8°C–28°C. The optimum conditions for conidia to germinate are 25°C, RH 100% and pH 4 and under these conditions it only takes four hours for conidia to germinate. The conidia germination is not affected by light