新疆高品质陆地棉纤维品质性状遗传分析研究

 以9-1696×CCRI 35配置单交组合及其衍生世代,利用该组合的P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、B₁和B₂ 6世代群体的纤维品质性状,采用世代平均值法、主-多基因混合遗传模型分离分析法对该组合纤维长度、整齐度、比强度和伸长率4个纤维品质性状做遗传分析。结果表明：（1）4个纤维品质性状均以加性遗传为主,同时检测出显著的上位性效应。经模型适合性检验,纤维长度和伸长率两个纤维品质性状符合加性－显性－上位性遗传模型。比强度和整齐度性状符合加性－上位性遗传模型。（2）比强度和伸长率符合两对加性－显性－上位性主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型,其主基因遗传率分别为：比强度（47.80%）、伸长率（20.07%）。纤维长度和整齐度遗传受主基因和多基因共同控制。     

鲁棉研15号纤维品质性状QTL定位研究

 以陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）杂交种鲁棉研15号的F₂群体为作图群体,利用SSR标记和JoinMap3.0软件构建遗传连锁图谱;利用复合区间作图法分别对随机组成的3个鲁棉研15号的F_2:3家系亚群体进行纤维品质性状QTL定位。构建的遗传连锁图谱包含116个多态位点,25个连锁群,全长892.25 cM,覆盖棉花总基因组的20.05%,平均每个连锁群4.64个标记,标记间平均距离7.76 cM;根据已有图谱的定位结果,19个连锁群与染色体建立了联系。在3个F_2:3家系亚群体中共检测到46个QTL,其中16个为纤维长度（FL）QTL、7个为纤维强度（FS）、12个为麦克隆值（FM）、6个为伸长率（FE）,5个为整齐度指数（FU）。发现在A_h05、A_h08、A_h09、D_h02染色体上QTL有成簇分布的现象,并在3个亚群体中检测到一些受环境影响较小、稳定遗传的QTL。这些QTL可以在今后应用于分子标记辅助选择。     

转基因抗虫棉产量相关性状QTL的分子标记及定位

 采用亚洲棉渐渗的纤维强度突出的陆地棉优质新品系0-153与陆地棉转基因抗虫新品系sGK9708为亲本,构建了F₂及F_2∶3分离群体。利用3869对SSR引物筛选亲本,得到125对多态性引物。进一步对183个F₂群体单株分析得到150个多态性标记位点,其中100个标记位点连锁,构建20个连锁群,共覆盖660 cM,占棉花总基因组的14.67%,每个连锁群平均包含5个标记位点,标记间平均相距6.6 cM,其中13个连锁群确定了对应的染色体。利用F₂和F_2:3数据,通过复合区间作图,共检测到28个产量及相关因素的QTLs。这些控制产量性状的QTLs只存在于5个连锁群上,成簇分布。与皮棉产量性状有关的2个QTLs,均与其它多个产量相关性状的QTLs在同一个连锁区段内,增效基因遗传效应方向一致,有必要研究其在标记辅助选择中的效果。本研究没有检测到在多世代表现稳定的QTL。因此,需要培育重组自交系,进一步明确产量性状有关QTL的遗传效应。     

AFLP标记与棉花重要农艺性状的关联研究

 以陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）品种中棉所8号和海岛棉（Gossypium barbadense L.）品种Pima 90-53杂交产生的包含91个单株的BC₁F₂群体及其衍生BC₁F_2:3群体为材料,利用逐步多元回归分析确定分子标记与重要农艺性状的相关关系,为分子标记辅助选择提供依据。试验材料分别种植在保定市郊和沧州青县两个点,每个株行考察衣分、子指、铃重、皮棉重、子棉重5个产量性状和2.5%纤维跨距长度、马克隆值、纤维整齐度、纤维伸长率、纤维比强度5个品质性状。以20对AFLP引物组合产生的125个位点对10个重要农艺性状进行多元线性回归分析,发现其中4对引物组合产生的15个位点与10个性状有着显著相关性（P≤0.05,P≤0.01）,而后通过逐步多元回归分析获得6个位点,对9个农艺性状所解释的表型变异为6.2%～30%。结果表明,与9个农艺性状显著相关的6个AFLP位点可以用于未来的分子标记辅助育种计划。     

转基因抗虫棉纤维品质性状的遗传分析

 根据ADAA遗传模型分析了7个转基因抗虫棉亲本、两个非转基因抗虫亲本和36个半双列杂交F1的纤维品质性状的两年资料,估算各项遗传方差和成对性状间的遗传相关性。结果表明,转基因抗虫棉纤维品质的5个性状受加性、显性和上位性的共同控制,其中麦克隆值、2.5%纤维长度和纤维比强度以基因显性效应为主,麦克隆值和纤维整齐度以上位性效应为主。除纤维比强度外,其余4个纤维品质性状都受到环境互作效应的影响,且影响较大。遗传相关分析表明,纤维比强度与2.5%纤维长度的基因型相关和表型值相关达极显著水平,其中加性相关未达显著水平,显性相关达极显著水平。比强度与麦克隆值的基因加性相关也达极显著水平,但表型相关未达显著水平。利用亲本和F₁的资料预测了F₂的基因型值和杂种优势。结果表明,F₂代的麦克隆值、伸长率、2.5%纤维长度、整齐度、纤维比强度的中亲优势分别为1.0%, 8.5%, 0.8%, 0和2.9%, 无超亲优势。     

棉花分子遗传图谱构建和纤维品质性状QTL分析

以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)中棉所8号和海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense L.) Pima90-53组配衍生的214个单株的F₂群体为材料,构建了包含110个SSR标记和65个AFLP标记的遗传连锁图谱。该图谱共包括42个连锁群,连锁群长度为4.5~147.3 cM,包括2~22个分子标记,标记间平均距离为11.6 cM,总长为2 030 cM,约占棉花全基因组的40.6%。应用复合区间作图法分析该组合的F₂单株和F_2:3家系纤维品质性状,共得到25个纤维品质数量性状基因座(QTL),其中5个与纤维长度相关s,分布在Chr.21、Chr.15、LG2和LG12上,可解释表型变异的10.2%~35.8%;4个与整齐度相关,分布在Chr.21、LG9、LG18和LG12上,可解释表型变异的12.6%~36.6%;7个与马克隆值相关,分布在Chr.9、LG1、LG9、LG20和LG12上,可解释表型变异的11.5%~26.1%;7个与断裂比强度相关,分布在Chr.21、Chr12、Chr.8、LG1、LG4和LG10上,可解释表型变异的16.5%~52.8%;2个与伸长率相关,分布在Chr.9和Chr.21上,可解释表型变异的18.1%和27.1%。LG9、LG12和Chr.21上存在QTL聚集区。     

陆海杂种高代回交自交系纤维细度性状相关性分析

 利用陆地棉34B与海岛棉Giza70杂交所得的稳定的高代回交自交系BC₂F_4:6 、BC₂F_4:7家系,开展了三个环境下纤维细度等品质性状的相关分析。结果表明：1)纺纱均匀指数与长度、整齐度、比强度呈极显著正相关,与伸长率呈极显著负相关。纤维长度和比强度间均存在极显著的正相关,与伸长率呈极显著负相关。2) HVI 900测定的麦克隆值与比强度和纺纱均匀指数呈极显著负相关;成熟度比率与麦克隆值呈显著或极显著正相关,与线密度呈极显著负相关,与其它性状间的相关性三个环境下都不一致;线密度与纺纱均匀指数呈极显著正相关,与长度、比强度均达到极显著或显著负相关,与整齐度不相关,与伸长率为负相关。相对而言,线密度与各性状的相关性要比HVI 900测定的麦克隆值和成熟度比率稳定,受环境影响小,有必要进一步加强对线密度的选择及深入研究。     

陆海种间杂交纤维品质性状的遗传及其F1群体优势分析

 以4个陆地棉品种（系）和3个海岛棉品种为亲本配制不完全双列杂交组合12个,采用包括基因型×环境互作的加性-显性（AD）遗传模型,通过对亲本和F₁的2年随机区组试验数据分析,结果为：纤维整齐度受环境的影响较大,纤维长度、强度、麦克隆值及伸长率受环境的影响较小,纤维品质性状的遗传主要受遗传因素控制;所有的性状都存在显著或极显著的显性效应;麦克隆值只受显性效应控制,其它4个性状还存在极显著的加性效应;强度以加性效应为主,长度、整齐度和伸长率的显性效应值分别大于相应的加性效应值;所有性状的加性效应和显性效应与环境之间的互作效应都很小。长度、强度、麦克隆值和伸长率的广义遗传率都非常高,整齐度的广义遗传率较小。这些结果表明,除纤维强度外陆海杂种纤维品质性状的遗传中显性遗传效应明显,与陆陆杂种及海海杂种以加性遗传效应为主的结果不同。长度、强度、整齐度和伸长率具有明显的正向群体平均优势;麦克隆值有显著的负向群体平均优势和群体超亲优势。通过陆海杂交利用海岛棉的优质纤维性状时,强度宜早代选择,而其它性状的选择不宜太早。     

基于两个陆地棉低世代群体定位纤维品质相关QTL

【目的】定位棉花纤维品质性状相关的数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)。【方法】以陆地棉高强纤维品系中棉所679和纤维品质一般的农垦5号为亲本构建包含200个单株的F2群体及对应的F2:3家系群体,对2个群体的纤维长度、断裂比强度等5个纤维品质性状进行检测。用6 688对简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeat, SSR)引物在双亲间筛选,得到149对多态性引物,以F2为作图群体,使用QTL IciMapping软件进行连锁图谱构建,并对F2及F2:3群体进行QTL定位。【结果】根据F2群体基因型信息构建了1张包含119个标记、28个连锁群、总长为1 173.5 cM(centiMorgan)的遗传连锁图谱。分别在F_2、F2:3群体中检测到9个和11个与纤维品质性状相关的QTLs,这些QTLs分布在11个连锁群上。其中F2群体的qFL-D11-1、q BT-D11-1与F2:3群体的qFL-D11-1、q MIC-D11-1均定位在标记DPL0062与HAU0423之间,推测这些位点可能是控制纤维品质性状的重要QTL。【结论】利用多个群体进行QTL定位有益于发现稳定的QTL位点,控制纤维品质性状的基因可能成簇存在,为挖掘纤维品质性状相关基因及分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。     

基于两个陆地棉低世代群体定位纤维品质相关QTL

【目的】定位棉花纤维品质性状相关的数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)。【方法】以陆地棉高强纤维品系中棉所679和纤维品质一般的农垦5号为亲本构建包含200个单株的F2群体及对应的F2:3家系群体,对2个群体的纤维长度、断裂比强度等5个纤维品质性状进行检测。用6 688对简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeat, SSR)引物在双亲间筛选,得到149对多态性引物,以F2为作图群体,使用QTL IciMapping软件进行连锁图谱构建,并对F2及F2:3群体进行QTL定位。【结果】根据F2群体基因型信息构建了1张包含119个标记、28个连锁群、总长为1 173.5 cM(centiMorgan)的遗传连锁图谱。分别在F_2、F2:3群体中检测到9个和11个与纤维品质性状相关的QTLs,这些QTLs分布在11个连锁群上。其中F2群体的qFL-D11-1、q BT-D11-1与F2:3群体的qFL-D11-1、q MIC-D11-1均定位在标记DPL0062与HAU0423之间,推测这些位点可能是控制纤维品质性状的重要QTL。【结论】利用多个群体进行QTL定位有益于发现稳定的QTL位点,控制纤维品质性状的基因可能成簇存在,为挖掘纤维品质性状相关基因及分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。     

渝棉1号优质纤维QTL的标记与定位

利用陆地棉遗传标准系TM-1和优质品种渝棉1号组建了(TM-1×渝棉1号) F₂和F_2:3分离群体。通过5 544对SSR引物对亲本进行筛选,获得178个多态性标记,用其中138个构建了总长为959.7 cM的遗传图谱,覆盖棉花基因组的19%。应用复合区间作图法分析了该组合的F₂单株和F₃家系纤维品质性状,共检测到12个纤维品质数量性状基因座(QTL),包括1个纤维长度的、4个纤维强度的、3个马克隆值的、3个整齐度的和1个伸长率的,分别解释各性状表型变异的6.1%、5.31%~14.62%、7.88%~19.17%、7.4%~11.71%和8.26%。研究还发现Chr.23和Chr.24是优质纤维QTLs的富集区。     

海岛棉CSSLs分子评价及纤维品质、产量性状QTL定位

本课题组前期以陆地棉中棉所8号(CCRI8)为轮回亲本, 海岛棉Pima 90-53为供体亲本培育了一套陆地棉中棉所8号为背景的海岛棉染色体片段置换系(CSSLs), 本研究利用SSR标记对该置换系群体BC₃F₅进行基因型检测, 在3个不同环境下(河北保定、青县和新疆轮台)鉴定其纤维品质和产量相关性状并进行QTL定位。该置换系群体包含182个家系, 置换片段数在1~15个之间, 平均为6.6个; 导入片段长度在0.7~83.2 cM之间, 平均长度为16.8 cM; 置换片段总长度20 249.6 cM; 背景回复率在92.3%~99.6%之间, 平均为96.2%。共检测出59个相关的QTL, 其中与纤维品质性状相关的41个, 单个QTL的贡献率为1.27%~26.66%; 与产量性状相关的18个, 单个QTL的贡献率为2.03%~19.38%; 检测到14个稳定的QTL, 其中4个马克隆值和2个纤维伸长率相关的稳定QTL增效基因均来自高值亲本海岛棉Pima 90-53, 2个铃重相关的稳定QTL增效基因来自高值亲本陆地棉中棉所8号。研究结果为深入开展纤维品质和产量性状的QTL精细定位、QTL间互作和分子育种提供了理论依据。     

Construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis of fiber-related traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

A genetic linkage map with 70 loci (55 SSR, 12 AFLP and 3 morphological loci) was constructed using 117 F₂ plants obtained from a cross between two upland cotton cultivars Yumian 1 and T586, which have relatively high levels of DNA marker polymorphism and differ remarkably in fiber-related traits. The linkage map comprised of 20 linkage groups, covering 525 cM with an average distance of 7.5 cM between two markers, or approximately 11.8% of the recombination length of the cotton genome. The present genetic linkage map was used to identify and map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting lint percentage and fiber quality traits in 117 F_2:3 family lines. Sixteen QTLs for lint percentage and fiber quality traits were identified in six linkage groups by multiple interval mapping: four QTLs for lint percentage, two QTLs for fiber 2.5% span length, three QTLs for fiber length uniformity, three QTLs for fiber strength, two QTLs for fiber elongation and two QTLs for micronaire reading. The QTL controlling fiber-related traits were mainly additive, and meanwhile including dominant and overdominant. Several QTLs affecting different fiber-related traits were detected within the same chromosome region, suggesting that genes controlling fiber traits may be linked or the result of pleiotropy.     

中棉所70分离群体农艺性状相关QTL定位

【目的】定位棉花产量相关性状的数量性状基因座(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)。【方法】以中棉所70的F_2分离群体为遗传作图群体,利用从14 820对简单序列重复(Simple sequence repeat,SSR)引物中筛选出的267对两亲本间的多态性引物检测F_2群体250个单株的标记基因型,利用Joinmap 4.0进行连锁分析,并通过WinQTLCart 2.5复合区间作图法对F_(2:3)群体的株高、单株结铃数和单株果枝数性状进行QTL定位。【结果】在F_2群体中共获得342个SSR标记位点,并构建了包括312个标记、35个连锁群,总长1 929.9 cM的遗传连锁图谱(标记间平均距离为9.2 cM,覆盖棉花基因组的43.4%)。经QTL定位,共检测到19个QTL,其中涉及株高的7个、单株果枝数4个、单株结铃数8个,这些QTL分布在8条染色体上,解释0.25%~11.28%的表型变异。【结论】这些与农艺性状相关的QTL有助于棉花产量分子标记辅助选择。     

Genetic analysis of the fiber quality and yield traits in <Emphasis Type="Italic">G. hirsutum</Emphasis> background using chromosome segments substitution lines (CSSLs) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium barbadense</Emphasis>

Developing chromosome segments substitution lines (CSSLs) is an effective method for broadening the cotton germplasm resource, and improving the fiber quality and yield traits. In this study, the 1054 F₂ individual plants and 116 F_2:3 lineages were generated from the two parents of MBI9749 and MBI9915 selected from BC₅F_3:5 lines which originated from hybridization of CCRI36 and Hai1, and advanced backcrossing and repeated selfing. Genotypes of the parents and F₂ population were analyzed. The results showed that 19 segments were introgressed for MBI9749 and 12 segments were introgressed for MBI9915, distributing on 17 linkage groups. The average background recovery rate to the recurrent parent CCRI36 was 96.70% for the two parents. An average of 16.46 segments was introgressed in F₂ population. The average recovery rate of 1054 individual plants was 96.85%, and the mean length of sea island introgression segments was 157.18 cM, accounting for 3.15% of detection length. QTL mapping analysis detected 22 QTLs associated with fiber quality and yield traits in the F₂ and F_2:3 populations. These QTLs distributed on seven chromosomes, and the phenotypic variation was explained ranging from 1.20 to 14.61%. Four stable QTLs were detected in F₂ and F_2:3 populations, simultaneously. We found that eight QTLs were in agreement with the previous research. Six QTL-clusters were identified for fiber quality and yield traits, in which five QTL-clusters were on chromosome20. The results indicated that most of QTL-clusters always improve the fiber quality and have negative additive effect for yield related traits. This study demonstrated that CSSLs provide basis for fine mapping of the fiber quality and yield traits in future, and could be efficiently used for pyramiding favourable alleles to develop the new germplasms for breeding by molecular marker-assisted selection.     

棉花BC_5F_2代换系的产量及品质相关性状表型分析及QTL定位

本研究利用生产上推广的优良早熟陆地棉栽培品种中棉所36为受体亲本,海岛棉海1为供体亲本,选择培育了一套由303个单株组成的BC5F2代换系。从已构建的BC1F1遗传图谱上以5~10cM为标准挑选391对多态性标记进行分子检测,多数单株含有海岛棉代换片段数为2~10个。对该群体的单株产量、品质性状进行了表型鉴定,存在大量具有优良品质的单株,纤维强度最高的能达到37.8cN/tex,铃重、衣分、纤维长度、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率及纤维强度超轮回亲本分别为17.82%、44.55%、46.86%、33.33%、74.92%、41.58%、42.57%。采用性状-标记间的单向方差分析,共定位了20个与产量性状和33个与纤维品质性状有关的QTL,其中qUN-14-2、qBW-2-20、qFL-2-20和qMV-1-38这4个QTL存在一定的遗传稳定性。鉴定的QTL大多是微效基因,解释表型变异为3.01%~9.69%,该研究为染色体单片段代换系的精细的分子研究奠定了基础。     

QTL Mapping of Fiber Quality in Low-Generation Upland Cotton Populations and Functional Annotation of Candidate Genes

[Objective] This article aims to provide a theoretical basis for molecular marker-assisted breeding by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping and gene function annotation of fiber quality. [Method] F₂ populations were constructed using the two cotton cultivars (lines), CCRI 49 and 396289, as parents. Based on high-density genetic maps, the F_2:3 families with three environments were included in the F2 population. The QTL mapping of seven fiber quality traits including fineness and maturity, etc., was performed using the Clusters of orthologous groups (COG), Gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases to annotate QTLs for gene function. [Result] A total of 157 QTLs related to fiber quality were obtained and distributed on 20 chromosomes. QTLs with more traits on A03, A04, D02, A11 and D07 chromosomes clustered and may be the key chromosomes controlling fiber quality traits. A total of 13 stable QTLs were obtained, of which qFL-A03-1 and qFin-A11-4 were repeated in three environments, and nine other QTLs were repeated in two environments. And 4 763 candidate genes were annotated, with 2 416, 4 188, and 2 512 genes being annotated in COG, GO, and KEGG, respectively. Among them, 429 genes were annotated in stable QTLs. Some of these genes may be closely related to fiber quality. [Conclusion] The high-density genetic map obtained by high-throughput sequencing can help to obtain more QTLs, which is beneficial to the screening of candidate genes related to fiber quality and the improvement of fiber traits, and improves the breeding efficiency.     

QTL Mapping for Yield and Fiber Quality Traits in Double-Cross Population of Chromosome Segment Introgression Lines from Gossypium hirsutum×Gossypium barbadense

[Objective] The aim of this study was to map quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for yield and fiber quality traits in chromosome segment introgression lines (CSILs) from Gossypium hirsutum×Gossypium barbadense. [Method] Four CSILs, MBI 7115, MBI 7412, MBI 7153 and MBI 7346, which were obtained by advanced backcrossing and continuous inbreeding from upland cotton variety CCRI 45 and sea-island cotton variety Hai 1, were used to construct double-cross segregating populations F1 and F1:2 through the following crosses: [(MBI 7115×MBI 7412)×(MBI 7153×MBI 7346)]. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were used to evaluate the genotyes of parents. The F1 and F1:2 populations were used to map QTLs for yield and fiber quality-related traits. [Result] The recovery rates of the recurrent parent CCRI 45 in the four CSILs were all above 97%. Forty-one QTLs, which were distributed across 11 chromosomes, were detected using the two segregating populations. There were 30 QTLs controlling fiber quality with phenotypic variations ranging from 1.11% to 11.80% and 11 QTLs controlling yield-related traits with 1.09%–13.57% phenotypic variations. [Conclusion] Five QTLs for fiber quality were consistently detected in two populations and they were all newly discovered QTLs. This study provides an important theoretical basis for fine mapping of these QTLs and molecular marker-assisted breeding for excellent fiber quality.