福州植物园荫生园荫生植物多样性及应用分析

通过对福州植物园荫生园内的荫生植物进行调查,对36种荫生植物的多样性及耐荫性进行分析,总结出最适应福州植物园荫生园的植物及适应性不良的植物,通过对植物在不同光照度下的生长和开花的比较,得出部分荫生植物的生长最适光照条件。从造景的角度出发,分析荫生园植物的配植形式,归纳荫生园造景的特色,提出栽植暖色调开花植物以提升荫生园色调等建议,以塑造出美化、花化及多元化的荫生植物园。     

耐荫植物在生态旅游区绿化中的应用

郑州黄河生态旅游风景区对一些耐荫植物进行引种、驯化研究,并从中选育出适应景区气候地质条件、符合景区实际需要的耐荫植物品种进行推广应用,既丰富了景区林下植被,减少水土流失,又增加了景区的景观效果。同时为维护生态平衡,改善生态环境提供范例,产生良好的生态效益,对黄河生态旅游风景区及邙岭地区绿化和水土保持工程的应用都具有重要的指导意义。     

荫生植物园植物景观设计——以南宁青秀山风景区为例

主要研究南宁青秀山风景区荫生植物园的植物景观设计。荫生植物园共分为7个区,分别展示龙舌兰科、姜科、竹芋科、天南星科、苦苣苔科、秋海棠科、百合科的植物。根据风景区景观要素和荫生植物的自身特点,以展现荫生植物生活环境和形态特征为主,创建集观赏性、趣味性和科普性于一体的景观效果。     

耐荫、半耐荫地被植物在广州公园中的应用

耐荫、半耐荫地被植物是营建复层植物景观的重要元素。在对广州公园进行调查研究基础上,文章归纳总结了耐荫、半耐荫地被植物的种类,并根据园林用途对其进行归类。共有34种,隶属25科33属。经分析,这些植物与其他园林要素之间常见的配置方式有路缘配置、与山石相配置等7种。     

植物耐荫生理研究进展

遵循植物的耐荫习性是营建一个生态稳定的植物群落的前提.目前国内对植物耐荫生理的研究相对落后,并且存在一定的误区.本文从植物的形态特征、解剖结构、叶绿素分布和光化学反应等方面对植物耐荫生理的国内外研究现状进行了综述.     

耐荫植物耐寒性的观测研究

从广州等地引进77种耐荫植物，冬季放置在塑料大棚或室内，观察其对低温的适应性，从而得出耐荫植物的耐荫性，为耐荫植物北移及开发提供依据。     

青檀耐荫性的初步研究

在连续３年测定比较几个不同树种的生理特性和树冠结构的基础上，本文对青檀的耐荫性进行了初步分析，结果表明，青檀的耐荫性随年龄的增大而降低，１２年生以前，青檀是耐荫的；１３至２５年生之间，青檀是喜光树种；２６年生以后青檀则逐渐变为阳性树种。比较的结果还表明，青檀的耐荫性较马尾松强，较杉木弱，从总体看属中偏阳树种。     

园林植物耐荫性能可变性试验与探讨

植物的性状具有一定的可塑性,其耐荫能力也不是绝对的,而能在一定生态条件的影响下产生适应性。通过对几种半耐荫植物进行耐荫能力增强驯化试验,结果表明这几种植物的耐荫能力增强了。     

红松耐荫性研究综述

红松作为阔叶红松林的优势树种之一,一直受到人们的关注,文中阐述了红松耐荫性研究的意义及国内外研究现状,介绍了几种研究红松耐荫性的方法,结果均表明,红松在其幼苗时期具有一定的耐荫性.同时,指出了红松耐荫性研究中缺少耐荫性的评价指标体系和我国在红松耐荫性研究方面存在的问题.     

13种绿墙植物的耐荫性研究

为筛选适用于光照较弱的绿墙植物,提高绿墙观赏期,研究了13种广州市常用绿墙植物的叶厚度、叶面积、叶绿素a/b和外观形态等指标,评价其耐荫性。综合分析研究结果,得到13种植物的耐荫性,由强到弱为:孔雀竹芋波士顿蕨络石鹅掌藤彩虹竹芋红背桂肾蕨吊兰天门冬山菅兰红花檵木花叶小蜡红边龙血树。研究表明大部分植物适宜作为绿墙植物,尤其是孔雀竹芋、波士顿蕨、络石、鹅掌藤,只有吊兰、花叶小蜡不适宜作为绿墙植物。     

不同遮阴处理对3种茶花生理特性的影响

以3个品种的茶花(Camellia)为研究对象,经过3个不同的遮阴(全光照,20%,60%)处理后,测定叶绿素含量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白以及游离脯氨酸等生理指标。结果表明:遮阴处理后,叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及叶绿素总量含量增加;而可溶性糖则表现为20%遮阴度>60%遮阴度>全光照;可溶性蛋白与游离脯氨酸在3个品系各遮阴处理之间表现不同。综上表现:20%遮阴度下更适合茶花的生长,香茶花的耐阴性强于其他2种茶花。     

云南小粒种咖啡荫蔽栽培研究

云南小粒种咖啡荫蔽栽培有利于咖啡营养生长和生殖生长的平衡,能有效控制主要病虫和草害的发生,有利于咖啡丰产、稳产,提高品质和降低生产成本;咖啡与热带经济作物、果树间作,改善了生态环境,提高了土地利用率和单位土地面积的经济效益:是发展云南小粒种咖啡的最好方式。     

10种地被植物的耐阴性比较研究

在自然遮荫条件下,比较研究了10种地被植物的耐阴性。结果表明:"八宝景天"、"松塔景天"和"小叶扶芳藤"最耐阴",大花滨菊"、"北京小菊"、"北美黄"、"鸢尾"和"德国景天"的较耐阴,而"金娃娃萱草"和"胭脂红景天"不耐阴。     

Shade effects on forage crops with potential in temperate agroforestry practices

Thirty forages, including eight introduced cool-season grasses, four native warm-season grasses, one introduced warm-season grass, eight introduced cool-season legumes, five native warm-season legumes, and four introduced warm-season legumes, were grown in 7.6 L (two gallon) pots in full sun, 50%, and 80% shade created by shade cloth over a greenhouse frame. Experiments were conducted during summer--fall 1994, spring--early summer 1995, and summer--fall 1995. A complete randomized experimental design was used and above ground dry weight was measured in each shade environment. Tukey's studentized range test was used to compare mean dry weights (MDW) within a species. Warm-season grasses displayed significant reductions in MDW under shade regardless of growing season. All cool-season forages grown during spring--early summer showed a decrease in MDW under shade; however, the reductions in dry weights of ‘Benchmark’ and ‘Justus’ orchardgrass, ‘KY 31’ tall fescue, Desmodium canescens and D. paniculatum were not significant under 50% shade. Cool-season grasses showed more shade tolerance when grown during the summer--fall than when grown during the spring--early summer. Seven of the selected cool-season grasses grown during the summer--fall did not display significant reductions in MDW under 50% shade as compared to full sun. Smooth bromegrass grown under 50% shade showed a significantly increased MDW production compared to growth in full sun. With the exception of Justus orchardgrass and smooth bromegrass, growth of cool-season grasses was inhibited at 80% shade. Among the legumes harvested during the fall, the dry weights of both Desmodium species tested and hog peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata L.) increased significantly under 50% and 80% shade. In addition, ‘Cody’ alfalfa, white clover, slender lespedeza and ‘Kobe’ lespedeza showed no significant reductions in MDW under 50% shade. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同遮荫强度对几种苗木生长的影响

以黄金榕、花斑垂叶榕、乳斑榕的苗木为试验材料，来探讨不同遮荫强度苗木生长、水份利用及苗木生长环境的影响，试验表明：一层遮荫网处理的苗木比无遮荫网和二层遮荫网处理的苗木在株高、冠幅、根径以及叶片数目等方面均增长较快，苗木的地下部分、叶和茎含水量均较低。无遮荫处理利用较多水分，以及土壤温度在14：00点左右的时间明显高于所有的遮荫处理。     

4种灌木树种的耐荫性研究

以进入城市园林绿化树种行列的大花溲疏、荆条、蚂蚱腿子、小桐子4种喜光灌木树种为对象,研究其耐荫性能。对此4种植物进行不同程度的遮荫处理后,测定其叶片的光合作用、呼吸作用及其相关生理指标的变化,比较了遮荫对此4种喜光灌木树种所造成的一些生理变化,并对这4种喜光灌木树种耐荫性的强弱进行了综合排序。研究发现,遮荫对此4种灌木树种的光合特性等生理指标都有不同程度的影响,其耐荫性的综合排序结果为:蚂蚱腿子的耐荫性最强,大花溲疏次之,再次是小桐子,而荆条的耐荫性最弱。     

无机盐、蔗糖、活性炭对阴生观叶花木试管苗生根的影响

对影响珍稀阴生观叶花木试管苗生根的几个因子－无机盐、蔗糖、活性炭的浓度进行了试验。结果表明：随着矿物元素、蔗糖与活性炭浓度的增加，试管苗生根率也增加，但当其浓度增加到一定数值后，生根率则开始呈下降趋势，生根阶段，所需大量元素与蔗糖的量较低，但应增加矢量的活性炭，三者最适浓度分别为１／２ＭＳ，２０ｇ／Ｌ，２ｇ／Ｌ。     

不同栽植密度下欧美杨叶片耐荫性与生物累积量的关系

为阐明不同栽植密度下欧美杨无性系树冠叶片耐荫性与生物累积量的关系,选择高密度(2 m×3 m)和低密度(2 m×5 m)栽植的不同亲本的5个欧美杨无性系为研究对象,测量了生物量、树冠结构、叶面积指数及光合参数。结果表明:(1)不同无性系对栽植密度有不同的反应;(2)具有较高生物量的欧美杨无性系树冠叶片在高、低栽植密度下均表现出较强的耐荫性特征;(3)树冠耐荫性在不同密度中表现出差异性,在低密度栽植中,树冠上层耐荫性与生物量和叶面积指数关系密切;在高密度栽植中,树冠上、下层叶片耐荫性与生物量和叶面积指数关系密切;(4)树冠耐荫性特征受亲本和环境的共同影响,由低密度到高密度,具有较高生物量的03-04-97、03-04-111、03-04-171树冠中下层叶片光补偿点和暗呼吸速率大幅度降低。该研究结果可为选择适合高密度栽植的欧美杨无性系提供数据和理论支持。     

Explaining conifer dominance in Afrotemperate forests: Shade tolerance favours Podocarpus latifolius over angiosperm species

We contrasted the regeneration success of angiosperm canopy species with that of Podocarpus latifolius to test whether this conifer was sufficiently shade tolerant to be favoured on infrequently disturbed and well-shaded sites. Seedling and sapling population structures were measured in several habitats representing a light gradient in warm temperate forest in the Drakenberg mountains of South Africa. The angiosperm-dominated forest was well-shaded (∼5.5% PAR) and lacked ground vegetation. Seedlings of angiosperm canopy species were abundant but the absence of saplings indicated regeneration failure. In contrast, P. latifolius was represented by all size classes beneath the intact canopy indicating continuous regeneration in angiosperm-dominated forest. Angiosperm regeneration was similarly poor in forest gaps, which were dominated by grasses, ferns and vines. P. latifolius entered the advanced regeneration in gaps by establishing in shade before gap formation. The floor of the Podocarpus-dominated forest was less shaded (∼7.5% PAR) than angiosperm-dominated forest and dominated by grass, which suppressed most conifer regeneration. Gaps in Podocarpus forest were more than double the size of gaps in angiosperm forest and dominated by vines and understorey shrubs. There was no clear winner of the angiosperm–conifer contest in Podocarpus forest gaps. Consequently, gaps maintain limited angiosperm diversity in Podocarpus forest. Angiosperm canopy species regenerated continuously in the high light (∼11.5% PAR) thicket environment. Few seedlings of P. latifolius were recorded in the thicket environment. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that shaded and infrequently disturbed forest sites favour shade-tolerant conifers over relatively light-demanding angiosperm species. The outcome of the competitive interaction between angiosperm and conifer at the regeneration phase depends on the relative shade-tolerance of associated species.