提高农业国际竞争力的农业机械化体制创新

农业机械化是农业现代化的重要内容.为此,分析了我国农业机械化的组织特点,指出了我国农业机械化过程中农机服务产业化是关键,并针对农机服务产业化问题,论述了我国农业机械化组织创新、管理创新和运行机制创新等方面的问题.随着农业产业化的深入发展,农机服务产业化的发展为农业机械化水平的提高创造了条件,从而也为农业国际竞争力的提高奠定了基础.     

全面推进农业机械化高质量发展的路径研究

农业机械化是实现农业现代化的重要基础,是现代农业发展的重要支撑。全面推进农业机械化高质量发展是实现农业现代化和农村振兴战略的必然要求。农业机械化能够有效提高劳动生产率、土地产出率,改善和优化农业生产条件,促进农业转型升级,进而提高农业竞争力。面对农业劳动力减少、农民收入增加的双重挑战,加快农业机械化进程成为提高农业生产效率、实现农业可持续发展的关键。本文从新时代背景下我国农业机械化高质量发展的背景入手,分析了我国在农业机械化高质量发展方面取得的成就与存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了全面推进农业机械化高质量发展的路径,以期为我国农业机械化向更高质量发展提供有益借鉴。     

全面实施《农业机械化促进法》 推进农机大发展

《农业机械化促进法》实施10年来,运城市坚持＂七抓＂法治思维和方式,全力打造＂法治农机＂,取得了＂七促＂的良好效果。一、抓宣传教育,促作风转变10年来,运城市农机局始终把《农业机械化促进法》的宣传教育作为促进全市农机法治化建设的首要任务,紧抓不放。《农业机械化促进法》是我国首部关于农业机械化的法律，是鼓励、扶持农民和农业生产经营组织使用先进适用农业机械、提高农机化水平、建设现代农业的重要法律，也是现阶段促进农业机械发展方向及实现路径的重要保障措施，更是规范农机行为、促进作风转变的重要标尺。     

我国农业机械化的发展模式与技术取向

农业机械化是运用先进适用的农业机械装备农业,改善农业生产经营条件,不断提高农业生产技术水平和经济效益、生态效益的过程.它是农业现代化的重要标志和不可缺少的组成部分,是提高农业劳动生产率,实现农业战略目标的重要措施.深入分析了农业机械化的作用,提出了新时期下我国农业机械化的发展模式与技术取向,对促进农业机械化健康、快速、协调和可持续发展,具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义.     

国务院关于促进农业机械化和农机工业又好又快发展的意见国发[2010]22号

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构: 农业机械是发展现代农业的重要物质基础,农业机械化是农业现代化的重要标志.当前,我国正处于从传统农业向现代农业转变的关键时期,加快推进农业机械化和农机工业发展,对于提高农业装备水平、改善农业生产条件、增强农业综合生产能力、拉动农村消费需求等具有重要意义.为促进农业机械化和农机工业又好又快发展,现提出以下意见:     

浅析中国农业机械化发展趋势

农业机械化是先进农业技术大面积实施的载体,农业机械化适用技术推广面积的扩大,实质上就是普及农业和非农业机械化科学技术、推动科技兴农的过程。农业机械化是现代农业的重要物质基础,是农业现代化的重要内容和标志,农民和农业生产经营组织是发展农业机械化主体,加快农业机械化的发展,既是改善农民生活条件,提高农业生产劳动率的重要措施,也是缩小城乡差别、提高农业和农村经济整体水平的重要条件,对于巩固和发展我国农业基础地位,坚持以人为本,促进农业和农村经济的全面、协调、可持续发展具有重要意义。     

农机工程发展中存在的问题与对策

我国是农业大国,农业机械化的广泛应用是推进我国农业生产的强大动力,为农业发展提供了新的契机。为了保障农业高速、稳定发展,必须将农机化发展作为重要前提和条件,为农业生产提供先进的机械化技术,保障农业发展的物质基础和技术支持。文章对农机工程发展中存在的问题进行分析,并提出有效的对策,以期提高我国农业生产的机械化水平,促进我国农业生产的稳定发展。     

提高农业机械化现状及发展趋势

农业是我国经济发展的支柱产业,农业发展问题影响着我国的经济增长。农业机械化是现代农业发展的重要工具和动力,提高农业机械化水平有利于提高农业生产率,促进农业产品多样化,保证农业稳定发展。由此,文章将对现代农业机械化进行讨论,分析农业机械化现状及发展趋势,为我国农业发展提供参考。     

如何提高农业机械作业质量

<正>现阶段是我国农业机械化发展的黄金时期,加快实施农业机械化的发展,既是改善农民生活水平,提高农业生产劳动率的重要措施,也是缩小城乡差距、提高农业和农村经济整体水平的重要条件,对于巩固和发展我国农业基础地位,坚持和谐发展,促进     

宗锦耀就农机化在国粮“七连增”中的重要作用答记者问

农业机械化在促进我国粮食＂七连增＂及农业稳定发展中发挥了重要的装备支撑作用。之所以这么说,关键在于农业机械化的快速发展,在很大程度上缓解了青壮年务农劳力短缺对粮食生产带来的不利影响,有效提高了土地产出率、资源利用率、劳动生产率,增强了农业综合生产能力、抗风险能力、市场竞争力。记者就此话题采访了农业部农业机械化管理司司长宗锦耀。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。