黄牛植黄期间胆道压力与胆汁粘度的关系

28头黄牛施以双胆囊植黄术，即在胆囊内的牛黄床和腹腔内的模拟胆囊内同时培植牛黄。植黄期间，测定了胆囊和模拟胆囊内的压力及胆汁粘度，胆囊和模拟胆囊内的压力差△P与胆汁粘度η的回归方程为：△P＝－0．127＋0．498η。     

超声波破解剩余污泥的研究

超声波处理法是机械破解污泥细胞的一种,属于物理方法。该法操作简单、污泥破解速度快、适用范围广,不会对环境造成二次污染。本文采用超声波技术破碎城市污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥,研究了不同作用时间超声处理后污泥微观结构的变化,以及上清液中COD的变化规律。研究结果表明,超声波破碎污泥絮体结构及细胞的效果明显,使其有机物质释放进入液相中,COD随超声作用时间增加而增加。     

猪活体胆汁引流技术的改进

采用体外环接法进行猪活体胆汁引流，麻醉方法采取氯胺酮、安定静脉注射全身麻醉；切口方式上采取“T”型切口方式；在术后护理方式上采取单猪单圈、自由活动和采食，并应用自制引流袋进行胆汗引流。结果表明：氯胺酮、安定复合麻醉安全、确实，“T”型切口可以充分暴露胆总管插管部位，使插管过程方便、安全。所采用的术后护理和引流方式比较简便，对动物的影响较小。     

Biliary tract surgery in the dog: a review

The indications for surgery on the biliary system in the dog are discussed with reference to the anatomy, specific disease syndromes and associated clinical signs. Surgical procedures are described for the treatment of biliary tract obstruction or rupture, and applicable cases reported in the literature are reviewed. The pathogenesis of bile peritonitis is also briefly discussed.     

Biliary Cystadenoma in a Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Biliary tumors are rarely diagnosed in rabbits, and there are very few published case reports of this disease within this group of animals. This case involves an approximately 6-year-old spayed female pet rabbit that was referred for an abdominal mass noted on survey full-body radiographs obtained during an examination after presenting for acute onset anorexia. Otherwise, the patient had an unremarkable history, and physical examination abnormalities were limited to a slightly distended abdomen. Laboratory evaluation revealed an isolated elevation in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Ultrasonography documented a 5.4-cm multicystic, intrahepatic mass with hyperechoic septations. The mass was surgically resected and described histopathologically as a proliferation of ectatic duct structures with a simple epithelial lining, supporting a diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma. The rabbit recovered without incident and was doing well 15 months postsurgery. The case is presented with a review of all reported cases and discussion of the potential origins of this unusual tumor in the rabbit. Surgery is recommended in rabbits that are diagnosed with a biliary tumor.     

生产性胆汁引流对机体有关代谢的影响

本研究以猪为样本(n_=7,n_2=9),通过胆管引流手术,每日晚19:00～翌晨7:00进行开放引流,胆汁引流4周(至第28d),中止引流继续观察4周(至58d),观察了胆汁引流量对胆汁酸代谢、胆红素代谢、消化代谢等有关指标的影响.结果表明:成龄猪日均引流量为552.5±328.3mL/头;胆汁中胆汁酸、胆红素含量随引流时间延长急速下降,前者于引流中止后10d,后者于引流中止直后,直线回升;胆汁中胆固醇含量、血液红细胞数与粪胆素原日排出量亦有不同程度下降;而血清胆汁酸、胆固醇、胆红素的含量,血浆游离血红蛋白含量、血液网织红细胞数及尿胆素原日排泄量未见变化.实验组采食量、增重均低于对照组,对饲料GE、CP消化率高于对照组,但总体生产性能下降.     

Biliary calculi in a herd of shorthorn cattle in Lancashire

The occurrence and possible cause of intrahepatic cholestasis in two shorthorn cows from a herd with a history of weight loss, low milk yield and chronic intermittent diarrhoea are discussed.     

Biliary secretion and enterohepatic recycling of fenbendazole metabolites in sheep

Fenbendazole (FBZ) was administered intraruminally at 5.0 mg/kg, containing a trace of [¹⁴C]-FBZ, to sheep fitted with a permanent bile duct cannula and the behaviour of FBZ and its metabolites examined in bile and plasma. Of the administered radiolabeled dose, 47% was secreted in bile of which 34% was accounted for as conjugated and 4% as unconjugated (free) metabolites. Hydroxylated oxfendazole (OH.OFZ) was the major biliary metabolite contributing 66%, and hydroxy-FBZ (OH.FBZ) 27%, of the total metabolites characterized. Small amounts of OFZ and hydroxy FBZ sulphone (OH. FBZ.SO₂) were also present in bile. The rapid appearance of OH.OFZ in bile, even before maximum concentrations of OFZ occurred in plasma, indicated that sulphoxidation and hydroxylation was the major route of FBZ metabolism.
Following intraduodenal infusion of free biliary metabolites, FBZ and its metabolites rapidly appeared in bile indicating absorption from the small intestine. When conjugated metabolites were infused they continued to appear in bile for a further 15–20 h after cessation of infusion indicating that absorption of hydroxylated metabolites occurred largely after bacterial deconjugation in the large intestine. Approximately 40% of biliary metabolites were estimated to undergo enterohepatic reabsorption but they contributed minimally to the metabolite content in plasma. It is suggested that during the process of recycling, biliary metabolites make substantial contact with parasites in the mucosa of the small and large intestine thereby contributing to the anthelmintic activity of FBZ.     

施用污泥对无芒雀麦生育的影响

污泥是污水处理和水体沉积的产物,含有较多的有机质和一定量的氮、磷、钾及微量元素,经合理处置后可转化为可利用资源。为此,笔者于1996～1998年将兰州市七里河区污水处理厂生活污泥施于无芒雀麦人工草地。3年来对无芒雀麦和土壤进行多项监测,结果表明,施用适量污泥对无芒雀麦地上生物量增产幅度显著,1996年为163%～203%;1998年为41%～120%。1996年总根量比对照高35%～106%。施用污泥使0～20cm土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量显著增加。土壤容重随着污泥量的增加而减小。结果表明,七里河污水处理厂污泥的营养元素含量高,有害元素低于控制标准,是一种可利用的生物资源。     

污泥堆肥对几种草坪草生长的响应

施用污泥堆肥后，黑麦草、紫羊茅、匍茎剪股颖、马尼拉草和白三叶都获得了良好的生长响应。它们的生物量增加，绿色期延长，土壤理化性质有明显改善。长期施用该堆肥，不会造成镉、地草坪草的伤害，当污泥堆肥施用量小于９ｋｇ／ｍ＾２时，无ＮＯ３－－的淋及地面迳流等环境问题。     

Exocrine Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Associated Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction in a Ferret

A 7-year-old neutered, male, fitch ferret presented for weight loss, decreased appetite, reduced bowel movements, and occasional bruxism. Physical examination confirmed weight loss of 340 g over the preceding 7 months. Abnormal clinicopathologic results included lymphopenia, monocytosis, increased alkaline phosphatase, increased alanine transferase, markedly increased total bilirubin, and hypocalcemia. Plasma glucose was normal. After a discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic options, the owner decided to humanely euthanize the patient and consented to cosmetic necropsy. Microscopic examination of submitted tissues revealed an unencapsulated, infiltrative neoplasm that effaced the pancreatic architecture and metastasized to several other organs, including the lung, liver, and jejunum. Based on the cellular morphology, presence of distinctive rosettes, immunonegativity for insulin, and widespread metastasis, the disease diagnosis was exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma.     

Biliary cystadenoma in a Maltese dog: clinical and diagnostic findings

A 14-year-old Maltese dog presented for complete medical examination due to intermittent vomiting and diarrhea observed during the previous two days. A single, solitary, lobulated cystic mass was observed in the liver upon ultrasonographic and computed tomographic examination. After surgical hepatic resection to remove the mass, histological examination revealed a multilocular cyst lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells, which is consistent with biliary cystadenoma. Here, we report the clinical, clinicopathological, histopathological, and diagnostic imaging findings of biliary cystadenoma in a dog.     

Extrahepatic Biliary Tract in Chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger,Molina)

The aim of the study was the macromorphological analysis of extrahepatic biliary tract in chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger Molina). Bile ducts, the gall bladder and portal vein were injected with coloured latex. Using the technique of dissection, bile ducts were isolated from the liver lobes. It was found that the cystic duct in this species is rarely single. Hepatic ducts form a system of multiple anastomosing structures running in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Many bile duct openings were observed in the duodenal papilla. The results confirm wide variations of the biliary tract in mammals and may be important for comparative analysis of the morphological differentiation of these structures in small mammals.     

Biliary bilirubin and biliverdin excretion in rabbits during fasting and feeding

Biliary excretion rate of bilirubin and biliverdin from fasted and fed conscious rabbits has been investigated. The animals were cholecystectomized and fitted with a chronic surgical double recurrent choledoco-choledocal biliary fistula. The enterohepatic circulation of bile salts were maintained by bile administration. Mean bile flow, biliary concentrations and excretion rates of bilirubin and biliverdin remained constant during fasting conditions. After feeding bile flow and biliary output of biliverdin increased whereas that of bilirubin did not. The higher excretion rate of biliverdin after feeding could be explained by the low biliverdin reductase activity in this species and the stimulation of biliverdin formation by postprandial factors.     

滚压式污泥脱水机脱水性能的研究

以浓缩混合污泥为试验对象,研究了絮凝剂的种类、用量、污泥的性质等对滚压式污泥脱水机脱水效果的影响,为改善滚压式脱水机的脱水性能提供理论指导.     

造纸污泥深度脱水控制系统设计与实现

造纸厂污水中含有大量的污泥,把污泥提取出来后,再对污水进行处理,可以循环再利用,而提取出来的污泥也会污染环境。目前造纸污泥的处理方法有填埋、焚烧、制成有机肥等,但污泥提取后含水量大,给进一步的处理带来了很大难度,所以要对污泥进行进一步的脱水。本文阐述了一种造纸污泥深度脱水控制系统的设计方案,经过使用验证,系统运行稳定,污泥干度较其它方法有了大的提高。