猪直肠脱出的手术治疗

猪直肠脱出是指猪直肠末端的黏膜或直肠后段全层肠壁由肛门向外脱出而不能自行复位的一种病理现象,是猪最常见的一种外科疾病,多发于仔猪以及年老、瘦弱或分娩前后的母猪。若治疗不及时、治疗方法不当,会影响病猪生长发育,甚至造成死亡。笔者曾采用手术方法治愈1例直肠严重脱出的母猪,现将治疗过程报道如下。     

手术疗法治愈仔猪直肠脱一例

2001年12月,某食堂一25千克重仔猪患直肠脱,脱出直肠水肿、出血,呈圆柱状,长7.8厘米,直径4.2厘米,发病次日诊治,病猪精神状态良好.笔者用手术疗法治疗后隔日又复发,后采用手术疗法切除脱出直肠彻底治愈.     

内固定手术治疗犬猫直肠脱垂

犬猫的直肠脱垂是指直肠的后段黏膜或黏膜肌层脱出肛门（脱肛）或通过肛门全部向外翻转脱出（直肠脱）。后者在肛门处以“火腿肠”样圆筒状物突出为特征，脱出的直肠不能自行缩回直肠内。直肠脱主要是由于直肠韧带与肛门括约肌松弛、机能不全引起，常继发于细菌、病毒及寄生虫等引起的消化道疾病，另外动物长期营养不良，便秘，肠道异物也能引起直肠脱。治疗上多采用整复后进行直肠周围组织酒精注射法和肛门荷包缝合的外固定法，但临床中一些顽固性病例仍会反复脱出。笔者经长期临床探索，应用内固定法治疗不易整复及反复脱出的病例，包括18例犬，2例猫，手术均成功，现将手术方法和体会作一介绍。     

中西医结合治疗母牛子宫脱出

母牛子宫脱出是常见的产道急性疾病,多发生于产后母牛.采用一般的手术整复,效果往往不佳,常发生反复脱出或感染,及至母子双亡.如用手术切除则得不偿失,且又不易掌握和操作.笔者自1996年以来,采用手术整复结合中医用药治疗子宫脱出12例,全部治愈,现总结如下.     

中西医结合治疗母牛子宫脱出

母牛子宫脱出是一种常见的产道急性疾病,多发生于产后母牛.采用一般的手术整复,效果往往不佳,常发生反复脱出或感染,乃至母子双亡.如用手术切除则得不偿失,且又不易掌握和操作.笔者自1979年以来,采用手术整复结合中西医用药治疗子宫脱出24例.全部治愈,现总结于后.     

一例母猪产后脱肛的诊治报告

母猪脱肛在母猪养殖生产过程中时有发生,如不及时采取有效措施,严重影响母猪健康,甚至可导致母猪、仔猪死亡,。轻度脱出可通过加强饲养管理辅以药物治疗可自行复位,中度以上脱出必须经手术整复并加强术后护理才能痊愈。母猪过肥或怀孕后期腹压过高,子宫压迫直肠;分娩时间太长,体能消耗过多;长期便秘,排便时强烈努责;肛门括约肌松弛等,都是诱发母猪脱肛的直接原因。现将最近接诊的一例母猪产后脱肛病例的诊治情况报告如下。     

一例猪直肠久脱病例的手术诊治

猪直肠脱出也叫脱肛,在农村一些猪场中常有发生。由于多种原因,造成直肠脱出时间长,无法整复,结果暴露在外的直肠发生坏死等情况。近日修武县城关乡王某猪场发生一起猪直肠脱出病例,笔者随即前去进行查看,对坏死性直肠脱采用直肠截断手术进行治疗,取得成功。现将猪直肠久脱的诊治方法及过程介绍如下。     

手术治疗猪产后子宫脱出

母猪产后子宫脱出临床较为常见,主要由于母猪分娩或胎衣不下、努责过度、多次经产、体质虚弱等,产后突然喂食过饱,也可导致发病。子宫部分脱出较易整复,完全脱出则整复困难。由于子宫的脱出部分肿胀、充血、易撕裂,临床整复时极为棘手。笔者用手术治疗母猪子宫完全脱...     

“补中益气汤”加减治疗大家畜直肠脱及子宫脱42例

直肠脱出和子宫脱出是大家畜的两种常见疾病,用常规方法进行整复固定后,常因病畜严重努责,往往再次脱出。笔者试用“补中益气汤”加减进行治疗,结合进行手术或整复,取得了较好的效果。截止1981年共用此法治疗大家畜直肠脱出和子宫脱出42例。(牦牛29例、马5例、黄牛、犏牛8例)。其中治疗直肠脱出29例,(牦     

非典型母猪子宫脱出防治初探简

对于母猪产后子宫脱出这类典型性母猪子宫脱出,临床上一般采用手术复位治疗和补中益气、升阳固脱的“补中益气汤”进行治疗。对于非典型性后备母猪子宫脱出病症的治疗,可以采用分别采用“漂浮”整复法、“曲蘖散”、针灸治疗对照手术复位治疗、“补中益气汤”进行治疗。结果显示：未经产的后备母猪发生子宫脱出,采用“漂浮”整复法,“曲蘖散”方法进行治疗,术后恢复良好,生病猪只再次脱出率较低。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.