盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性及品质的影响

【目的】江苏沿海滩涂种植水稻是促进盐土脱盐改良和开发利用滩涂的主要技术之一,研究盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性和稻米品质的影响,可为发展滩涂种稻提供参考和理论依据。【方法】以耐盐性较好的通粳981、盐稻12、盐稻10号和南粳5055等4个粳稻品种为材料,设置非盐逆境(S₀, 电导率0.207 dS/m)和逆境(S₁,电导率1.112 dS/m)2个处理,分别测定产量及其构成因素、光合参数、稻米品质和淀粉黏滞特性。【结果】与非盐逆境相比,盐逆境下水稻产量显著下降,仅为非逆境的40.5%,单位面积穗数差异不显著,每穗粒数和千粒重显著减少;光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度显著下降,而气孔导度和蒸腾速率差异不显著;稻米加工品质显著下降,外观品质变化不大,直链淀粉含量显著下降,蛋白质含量显著增加;峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度、崩解值和回复值均未发生显著的变化,消减值和起始糊化温度显著增高。【结论】盐逆境对水稻产量、光合参数、稻米品质等均有不利的影响,可在盐逆境对产量、品质影响的关键时期孕穗期和灌浆结实期采取措施缓解盐逆境的危害。     

盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性及品质的影响

【目的】江苏沿海滩涂种植水稻是促进盐土脱盐改良和开发利用滩涂的主要技术之一,研究盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性和稻米品质的影响,可为发展滩涂种稻提供参考和理论依据。【方法】以耐盐性较好的通粳981、盐稻12、盐稻10号和南粳5055等4个粳稻品种为材料,设置非盐逆境(S0,电导率0.207 d S/m)和逆境(S1,电导率1.112 d S/m)2个处理,分别测定产量及其构成因素、光合参数、稻米品质和淀粉黏滞特性。【结果】与非盐逆境相比,盐逆境下水稻产量显著下降,仅为非逆境的40.5%,单位面积穗数差异不显著,每穗粒数和千粒重显著减少;光合速率、胞间CO2浓度显著下降,而气孔导度和蒸腾速率差异不显著;稻米加工品质显著下降,外观品质变化不大,直链淀粉含量显著下降,蛋白质含量显著增加;峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度、崩解值和回复值均未发生显著的变化,消减值和起始糊化温度显著增高。【结论】盐逆境对水稻产量、光合参数、稻米品质等均有不利的影响,可在盐逆境对产量、品质影响的关键时期孕穗期和灌浆结实期采取措施缓解盐逆境的危害。     

NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐性水稻某些生理特性和光合特性的影响

选取较耐盐的水稻品种‘HH11’、‘JX99’和盐敏感水稻品种‘YSXD’,设置6个土壤NaCl浓度处理(0、1、2、3、4 g/kg),在防雨棚下盆栽并培育至孕穗期,分析NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐性水稻生理生化及光合特性的影响,结果表明:(1)NaCl胁迫抑制水稻的生长,表现为随着NaCl浓度增加,水稻的株高逐渐降低,但在3～4 g/kg土壤含盐量下耐盐水稻的株高显著高于盐敏感水稻品种。(2)耐盐水稻和盐敏感水稻的可溶性总糖对NaCl胁迫的响应差异明显,在1～4 g/kg NaCl胁迫下,盐敏感水稻叶片可溶性总糖显著降低,但是耐盐水稻可溶性总糖大量合成并积累,并且显著高于盐敏感品种。(3)NaCl浓度增加迫使水稻叶片丙二醛不断积累,导致细胞膜透性逐渐增大,但是耐盐水稻丙二醛的积累量较少,细胞膜受盐害程度显著小于盐敏感水稻。(4)NaCl胁迫抑制了水稻光合速率,但不同的NaCl浓度下导致水稻品种光合速率下降的原因各有差异,其中在0～1 g/kg NaCl胁迫下盐敏感水稻光合速率降低是非气孔因素导致的,而在2～4 g/kg NaCl胁迫下是由气孔因素造成的;0～2g/kg盐浓度下耐盐水稻HH11的光合速率降低是非气孔因素导致的,3～4 g/kg盐浓度处理是由气孔因素导致的;气孔因素是0～4 g/kg盐处理耐盐水稻JX99的光合速率降低的主要原因。(5)盐胁迫下耐盐水稻的叶片蒸腾速率显著降低,并且显著低于盐敏感水稻,相反水分利用效率和气孔限制值却明显升高,并且显著高于盐敏感水稻品种,表明盐浓度增加迫使耐盐水稻气孔阻力增大,减少水分的流失,抑制了蒸腾速率,使耐盐水稻叶片保持较高的水势;同时提高了叶片水分利用效率,碳同化效率提高,以满足耐盐水稻正常代谢生理需求,进行正常生命活动。     

Effect of Azotobacter vinelandii and compatible solutes on germination wheat seeds and root concentrations of sodium and potassium under salt stress

The effect of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and exogenous application of compatible solutes on seed germination and root concentrations of sodium and potassium of two wheat varieties (Triticum durum L.) were evaluated under saline stress. In this experiment, Azotobacter vinelandii strain DSM85, glycine betaine and proline were used. Inoculated seeds for each variety were placed on Whatman paper in 9 cm Petri dishes containing 15 mL of distilled water or NaCl solutions at various concentrations (control, 100, 200, 300 mM) supplemented with or without glycine betaine (GB) or proline at 5 mM. The results indicated that addition of proline (5 mM) stimulated the production of indol acetic acid and the growth of A. vinelandii at 200 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The germination rate index and the germination final percentage decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing salinity level. The germination was significantly diminished at 300 mM with significant variation among varieties and Waha variety had higher germination percentage than Bousselam variety. Inoculation of seeds by A. vinelandii and exogenous application of proline had significantly positive effect on the germination at this concentration of NaCl. The rate of accumulation of Na+ in roots was important at 100 mM and increased at 200 mM. The concentration of K+ decreased when salinity increased. The effect of inoculation or inoculation with proline decreased the accumulation of Na' and reduced the loss of K+ under salt stress. From the present study we can conclude that the use of A. vinelandii strain DSM85 and external application of low concentrations of proline on seeds might be considered as a strategy for the protection of plants under saline stress.     

The effect of water salinity on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.): Physiological indices and yielding capacity

Summary The response of several potato cultivars to salinity levels of 20.5, 34.2 and 51.3 mM NaCl was investigated. Salinity tended to lower the water and the osmotic potentials of leaves and tubers while increasing the content of total soluble solids and of proline; it also increased the content of dry matter in the tubers and reduced tuber yields. Susceptibility to salinity was described by the relative loss of tuber dry weight. ‘Blanka’ tolerated the lowest NaCl level (20.5 mM) and exhibited moderate tolerance to higher levels when exposed to salinity stress for 37 days.before harvest, but was susceptible when exposed to the higher levels for 63 days. Cv. Alpha showed moderate tolerance, loosing up to 15% of tuber dry weight when exposed to salinity levels of 20.5 and 34.2 mM NaCl. Mechnisms involved in the adaptation of potatoes to salinity stress are discussed. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 2206-E, 1987 series.     

MC812和郑单958子粒灌浆和脱水特性研究

以MC812和郑单958为试验材料,分析其子粒灌浆和脱水特性,研究不同基因型玉米品种子粒灌浆和脱水特性的差异。结果表明,百粒干物重在品种间存在显著差异,MC812平均百粒干物重较郑单958高2.64 g。与郑单958相比,MC812子粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间(Tmax)平均提前4.40 d,灌浆起始势(R0)高0.25,活跃灌浆期(P)长1.33 d。MC812灌浆渐增期的平均灌浆速率显著高于郑单958,灌浆缓增期则与郑单958相当。MC812生理成熟时子粒含水量略低于郑单958,但差异不显著。收获时的子粒含水量在品种间呈极显著差异,MC812收获时的子粒含水量则较郑单958低5个百分点。生理成熟后的脱水速率在品种间呈极显著差异,MC812分别较郑单958高0.15%/d。穗粒数、百粒重和产量在品种间呈极显著差异,MC812产量较郑单958高6.67%、穗粒数和百粒重分别较郑单958高8.56%和8.04%。     

盐胁迫下外源功能微生物调控水稻生长特征研究

以高产水稻品种中浙优1号为材料,设置2个盐胁迫处理(S0,正常生长条件;S1,盐逆境,3g NaCl/kg干土)和2个微生物处理(M0,对照;MM,荧光假单胞菌与巴西固氮螺菌共同接种水稻根际环境),研究了盐胁迫下外源功能微生物对水稻生长特征的影响。结果表明,与S0处理相比,S1处理下水稻植株生育期严重滞后,干物质积累量以及产量构成因子显著降低;与S1M0处理相比,S1MM处理可显著提高水稻剑叶光合速率、地上部干物质量以及产量构成因子。可见,荧光假单胞菌与巴西固氮螺菌进入稻田土壤可缓解盐逆境对水稻生长的抑制作用,提升水稻叶片光合能力、耐盐性能,并显著提高水稻分蘖能力和结实率,增加千粒重,进而增加水稻产量。     

NaCl胁迫对大麦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以耐盐品系12pj-118和盐敏感品系12pj-045为试验材料,研究不同Na Cl浓度胁迫下,大麦苗期生物量、盐害指数、光合特性等变化。结果表明,随着Na Cl浓度的增加,2个品系鲜重、干重、相对鲜重和相对干重均呈下降趋势。在各盐浓度胁迫下,耐盐品系12pj-118的鲜重和干重的降幅小于盐敏感品系12pj-045,相对鲜重和相对干重均大于12pj-045,盐害指数均显著低于12pj-045,说明12pj-118的耐盐性较12pj-045好。在给定模拟光1 000μmol/(m2·s)辐射强度下,两个品系的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶绿素含量均随Na Cl浓度的升高呈总体下降趋势,2个品系胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)变化不一致。耐盐品系12pj-118在较高盐浓度胁迫下,Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr和叶绿素含量的降幅均小于盐敏感品系12pj-045。     

Grain composition of Virginia winter barley and implications for use in feed,food, and biofuels production

Grain compositional components impacting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) use in food, feed and fuel products, must be combined with improved agronomic traits to produce a commercially viable barley cultivar. Little current information is available on grain composition and variability among winter barley genotypes. This study was conducted to determine the variability among modern hulled and hulless winter barley genotypes in grain composition. Barley types varied significantly in grain and kernel weight, starch, beta-glucan, oil and ash content, but not in protein concentration. Hulless barley had significantly higher grain test weight and starch concentration than hulled and malting types, and significantly higher beta-glucan than malting barley. Hulless barley had significantly lower kernel weights, oil, and ash concentrations than hulled and malting types. Higher starch and lower fiber and ash in grain of hulless barley versus hulled feed or malting type barley are characteristics that increase hulless barley desirability. Selection for high starch concentration among all barley types is feasible and will facilitate development of barley cultivars better suited for use in feed, malt, and ethanol production.     

Evaluation of salt-tolerant genotypes of durum wheat derived from in vitro and field experiments

The performance of selected salt-tolerant genotypes of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.], derived from field and in vitro assessment methods, was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Eight durum wheat genotypes comprising three salt-tolerant genotypes and one salt-sensitive genotype selected from each of the methods were used. This study was conducted under both saline and non-saline field conditions as well as under greenhouse condition with salinized solution culture at 0 mM (control), 75 and 150 mM NaCl (concentrations) using supplemental Ca²⁺. Days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of spikes per m², grain yield and harvest index were recorded in the field experiments. Plant dry weight, Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca²⁺ accumulated in the hydroponically grown seedlings were measured 20 days after salinity treatments. In spite of the smaller range of genotypes used by the in vitro screening method, tolerant genotypes screened by the in vitro method (ITGs) performed comparably with those of the field-derived tolerant genotypes (FTGs) for grain yield under saline field conditions. Field salinity significantly reduced (P < 0.01) means of all traits averaged on eight tested genotypes. In vitro salt-tolerant genotypes Dipper-6 and Prion-1 produced the highest dry weight and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio under salt stress conditions (150 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse. Although dry matter correlated with the grain yield (R² = 0.37), the regression coefficient was higher for shoot K⁺/Na⁺ ratio (R² = 0.44). Dipper-6 (ITG) and Prion-1 (ITG) genotypes have been ranked superior while Massara-1 (ISG) was inferior for salt tolerance in the regression analysis. However, based on grain yield reduction Ajaia/Hora/Jro/3/Gan (FTG) and PI40100 (ITG) were the most tolerant having 58% and 60% reduction, respectively.     

蚓粪对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

为明确添加蚓粪对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响机理,通过向基质中分别添加10%、20%、40%（苗死亡）比例的蚓粪,同时设不添加蚓粪的单盐胁迫处理和空白对照处理（CK）,分析了添加蚓粪后盐胁迫（150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl）下小麦生长指标（叶长、叶宽、叶面积,地上和地下部干重、根冠比）、气体交换参数及光合色素含量的变化。结果表明,盐胁迫下小麦幼苗各生长指标与CK相比略有下降,但差异不显著。添加蚓粪后,小麦幼苗叶长、叶宽、叶面积、地上部分干重、总干重以及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量及类胡萝卜素含量较未添加蚓粪处理均呈明显的上升趋势,而根冠比则呈下降的趋势。添加蚓粪对盐胁迫下小麦叶片气体交换也产生了显著的影响。盐胁迫下,小麦叶片净光合速率显著低于CK,但添加蚓粪后,净光合速率呈明显的上升趋势。这说明基质中添加适量蚓粪可以有效促进小麦幼苗生长和光合作用。     

Natural silicates mixed with organic fertilizers enhance corn adaptation to salt stress and improve physical characteristics of sandy soil

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental constraints to crop productivity worldwide. Therefore, the development of cost-effective and environment-friendly techniques allowing increased crop productivity and soil fertility under saline conditions is rather urgent today. The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of mixtures containing natural silicates (analcite, bergmeal, and potassium silicate) and organic fertilizers (sapropel, peat) in corn (Zea mays L.). We specifically evaluated tolerance of corn to salinity stress and certain characteristics of saline soil (viz., redox potential, conductivity, and phytotoxicity) using a factorial pot experiment, modeling NaCl salinity levels of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM under greenhouse conditions. Growth, water balance, photosynthesis, catalase activity, and accumulation of nonenzymatic antioxidants (flavonoids and anthocyanins) were measured and evaluated. Salinity stress reduced shoot and root biomass by 8–49%, photosynthetic pigment content in leaves by 15–30%, deteriorated water balance, and activated nonspecific adaptive reactions (i.e., accumulation of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants) in the corn seedlings. All the tested silicon-containing mixtures stimulated corn seedling resistance to salt stress and reduced soil phytotoxicity. This was reflected in the stimulation of growth of the corn seedlings (accumulation of shoot biomass, and formation and growth of lateral roots). The content of photosynthetic pigments, flavonoids, anthocyanins, catalase activity increased 1.3–2 times compared with plants that received NaCl only. The difference between treatments and control was most pronounced at moderate levels of salinity (100–150 mM). The mixture containing silicon minerals and sapropel (9:1 proportion) showed the highest protective effect against salinity stress.     

高温对玉米植株形态与功能、产量构成及子粒养分的影响

以热敏型玉米品种驻玉309为材料,设置两个高温处理,研究不同程度日间高温对玉米产量及穗部性状、物质生产及转运、子粒库容的影响。结果表明,高温(HT1)对玉米产量无显著影响,极高温(HT2)显著降低玉米结实率和产量。植株株高在HT2下表现为降低,叶面积则表现为HT2CKHT1。花期高温胁迫显著降低吐丝期穗位叶净光合速率,但对叶绿素含量无显著影响。HT2降低穗粒数和总干物重,增加了成熟期茎、叶、苞叶干物质占单株地上干物质总重比例。高温胁迫增加子粒粗蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量。结果显示,HT1处理下玉米通过自身增加物质转运能力应对高温胁迫,HT2通过显著降低穗粒数而影响子粒库容减小,造成不可逆损伤,同时影响了玉米源(叶面积)和流(物质转运与分配)的能力。     

盐胁迫对甘草叶片光合色素含量和光合生理特性的影响

采用LI-6400便携式光合仪测定不同盐胁迫处理下甘草的光合作用生理指标,并采用分光光度法测定甘草叶片中光合色素的含量变化。结果表明:9 g/L NaCl的盐分胁迫降低了甘草叶片中叶绿素a(chl a)、叶绿素b(chl b)和类胡萝卜素(car)含量,增加了chl a/chl b;对胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的影响不显著;降低了净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)等光合生理指标。3 g/L和6 g/L NaCl的盐分胁迫影响不显著。这说明适当浓度的盐胁迫可以影响甘草的光合生理作用,进而影响了甘草药材的产量。结果为探讨甘草对盐胁迫的适应机理提供了理论依据。     

Growth photosynthetic activity and antioxidant responses of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal bajra (Pennisetum glaucum) crop under salinity stress condition

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi alleviating the adverse salt effects on growth was tested in bajra (Pennisetum glaucum). Towards this objective we analyzed the photosynthetic activity, proline, phosphatase activity and various antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM salinity levels in AM inoculated and non inoculated bajra plants. Total chlorophyll content was significantly higher in moderate salinity condition in AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) inoculated plants, which lead to increase in growth and nutrient uptake capacity of mycorrhizal plants. Antioxidant activity was either increased or decreased due to responses to different salinity stress conditions. Proline accumulation was induced by salt and it was more in shoot of non-AM inoculated plants, but in roots proline accumulation was higher in AM plants at all levels of salinity. This work suggests that the AM fungus helps bajra plants to perform better under moderate salinity levels by enhancing the antioxidant activity and proline accumulation as compared to non-mycorrhizal plants.     

CaCl对盐胁迫下小白菜生长和相关生理特性的影响

采用CaCl2根际注射结合叶面喷施的方法,研究了不同浓度（0、5、10、20、30 mmol/L ）CaCl2对盐胁迫下小白菜（Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L.）幼苗生长及其生理生化特性的影响。结果显示,10 mmol/L CaCl2处理显著提高了幼苗的株高、单株干重、单株鲜重和展开叶片数等,降低了叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量,增强了叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）等保护酶活性,显著提高盐胁迫下小白菜叶片的光合色素含量、净光合速率等。表明适宜浓度的外     

孕穗期冷水胁迫对寒地水稻干物质生产的影响

以黑龙江省30份主栽水稻品种或品系为试材,在孕穗期设置17℃冷水灌溉处理(20d),以常规栽培管理为对照,分析冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响。结果表明,冷水胁迫导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,并根据相对结实率将试材耐冷性分为1、3、5、7和9级,以7和9级最多,1级最少,分别占总材料的30%和10%。在冷水处理下,全部材料抽穗期至成熟期干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比、收获指数、叶面积指数、剑叶叶基角、剑叶和倒2叶与倒3叶披垂度均下降,但高效叶面积率增加。相关分析表明,冷水处理的相对结实率与收获指数(r=0.96**)、产量(r=0.91**)、粒叶比(r=0.84**)和干物质积累量(r=0.48**)的冷水反应指数(CRI)呈极显著正相关,与群体生长率(r=0.44*)、净同化率(r=0.44*)和干物质积累比例(r=0.43*)的CRI显著正相关。综上,孕穗期冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响在品种间存在很大差异,在冷水胁迫下耐冷性极强品种(系)干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比和收获指数对冷水反应迟钝,这是耐冷性极强品种(系)保持较高产量的重要形态特征和生理原因。     

Effects of Soil Moisture Depletion for One Month before Flowering on Dry Matter Production and Ecophysiological Characteristics of Wheat Plants in Wet Soil during Grain Filling

Abstract

The period from mid-March to April in the wheat-growing season in Japan corresponds to a wet period known as “Natanezuyu”. After this wet period, the weather remains rather dry until June. Fluctuations in soil moisture conditions during the growing season might be expected to affect the growth of wheat. Therefore, we compared the grain yield, dry matter production and ecophysiological characteristics of wheat grown with adequate moisture during the ripening stage after it had been grown under adequate (W-plot) or deficient (D-plot) soil moisture conditions for about one month before heading. The grain yield in the D-plot was higher by about 15 to 40% than that in the W-plot, with greater dry matter production. The larger dry weight in the D-plot resulted from a higher rate of crop growth before and after heading, which was due to a larger leaf area and higher net assimilation rate. During the ripening stage, leaf senescence of plants was delayed and the rate of photosynthesis fell more slowly in the D-plot than in the W-plot. Root systems developed better, resistance to water transport from root to leaves was lower, the exudation rate of roots was higher, and the cytokinin activity in xylem exudates from roots was higher in the D-plot. These characteristics of roots might have caused the significant difference in the growth and physiology of the aboveground parts of the plants. Our results indicate that encouragement of the development of the root systems, for example, by drainage during the wet period might be important for improving the grain yield of wheat in Japan.     

干旱胁迫对大麦叶片表皮蜡质含量及主要生理指标的影响

为了探究大麦对干旱胁迫的反应机制,采用裂区设计研究了干旱胁迫对不同大麦品种灌浆期旗叶和旗叶鞘表皮蜡质含量及主要生理指标的影响。结果表明,与正常水分处理相比,干旱胁迫可促进大麦表皮蜡质的合成;大麦不同品种间蜡质含量差异显著,抗旱品种的蜡质含量显著高于干旱敏感品种。在干旱胁迫下,大麦叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量及气孔导度显著降低,且抗旱品种降低幅度较干旱敏感品种缓慢;蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度显著增加,且抗旱品种的增加幅度低于干旱敏感品种。品种因素对大麦叶片蜡质含量、净光合速率、气孔导度的影响较水分处理的影响大。大麦表皮蜡质含量与水分利用效率呈显著正相关,表明表皮蜡质对提高大麦抗旱性有一定积极意义。     

外源甜菜碱和脯氨酸对盐胁迫下大麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探讨盐胁迫条件下外源甜菜碱（GB）和脯氨酸（Pro）对不同大麦品种种子萌发及幼苗的效应,以课题组前期筛选到的耐盐品种中川大麦和盐敏感品种ZY218为材料,在萌发期和苗期以200 mmol·L^-1NaCl为胁迫条件,分别施加浓度为0、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0 mmol·L^-1的外源GB和浓度为0、5.0、15.0、30.0、45.0 mmol·L^-1的外源Pro进行处理,测定并分析了不同处理下大麦萌发及幼苗相关指标。结果表明,与不添加外源物质的对照相比,施加外源GB和Pro均可有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦种子萌发及地上部分生长的抑制作用;提高叶片过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及叶绿素含量;外源Pro可以显著增加幼苗的总根长、总根体积和总根表面积,有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦幼苗根系生长的抑制作用,且对盐敏感品种效应更大。因此,施加外源GB或Pro可有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用。