不同培养方式对马铃薯试管苗生长与试管薯诱导的影响

应用4种不同的培养方式，分别就不同状态培养基、用量及添加时期对试管苗和试管薯的生长发育的影响研究结果表明，与固体培养基相比，采用液体培养基减量、分次添加使用方法试管苗各项生长指标均达极显著水平，茎粗增加0.89cm，单株有效节数增加2节，鲜物质量和干物质量分别提高了4.15g和0．27g，成苗天数减少5．5d。试管薯的结薯期提早2－3d，单株结薯数达到2粒，单薯重多为100－1000mg，且生产成本降低了72．42％。     

棉花组织培养染色体制片方法的探讨及其染色体稳定性研究

本研究从预处理药剂、预处理时间、选材种类与时间等方面探讨了棉花愈伤组织染色体观察的制片方法，并对棉花愈伤组织的染色体稳定性进行了研究。结果表明，胚性愈伤组织是棉花染色体观察的最佳材料。用饱和对二氯苯水溶液预处理３￣４ｈ易获得较好的分裂相。棉花组织培养中存在着广泛的染色体变异，变异范围极大，但大多数偏向于少于正常染色体数（２ｎ＝５２条）的变异。随着培养时间的延长变异的频率及范围增大。不同基因型之间染     

鸡屎藤愈伤组织诱导及细胞悬浮培养研究

建立鸡屎藤愈伤组织的诱导、增殖继代培养及其细胞悬浮培养的技术体系。研究不同植物激素组合对叶片、茎段和带腋芽茎段愈伤组织诱导的影响;采用正交试验研究不同处理对叶片愈伤组织增殖的影响;采用液体振荡培养法测定叶片愈伤组织细胞悬浮生长曲线。结果表明：叶片最易诱导产生愈伤组织,最佳激素配比为MS＋6-BA1.0mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L,诱导率可达100%。叶片愈伤组织最佳增殖培养基为MS＋2,4-D0.5mg/L＋NAA0.3mg/L＋6-BA0.5mg/L,pH5.8。由叶片愈伤组织建立的细胞系生长呈＂S＂型曲线,培养24d达到最大生长量,最适继代周期为18～20d。以叶片为外植体经愈伤诱导、增殖培养可建立良好的细胞悬浮系。     

蓖麻组织培养技术探讨

以蓖麻的根、茎、叶作外植体分别在附加不同激素的MS培养基上进行培养，研究表明：茎段（侧芽或顶芽）在附加BA0.5mg/L,NAA0.001mg/L,水解乳蛋白(LH)10mg/L和氯化胆碱(CC)5mg/L的MS培养基上，芽的增殖率最高，可达200%，而且长势较好。     

花梨木快繁技术的研究

为了获得花梨木快速繁殖无菌苗,本试验以花梨木种子为材料研究不同植物生长调节剂对种子萌发、愈伤组织形成、腋芽萌发和生根的影响。结果表明：培养基MS＋0.5 mg/LGA3最适合种子萌发;3.0 mg/L的BA与0.5mg/L的IAA的培养基为最佳生根培养基。     

不同激素不同外植体对苜蓿品种再生的影响

试验以4种苜蓿的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,采用了11种愈伤诱导培养基,10种分化培养基,研究了不同品种、不同激素处理和不同外植体对苜蓿愈伤和芽分化的影响。结果表明,不同品种苜蓿、不同外植体均容易形成愈伤组织;2,4-D是苜蓿愈伤组织形成的主要因素;在0.8mg/L2,4-D 2mg/LKT的作用下,下胚轴和子叶愈伤诱导率最高为100%;在4mg/L6-BA的作用下,子叶再生芽率最高为43.9%;在KT浓度为1mg/L时子叶芽的再生率最高为33.3%。     

遗传霉素对矮牵牛叶片愈伤组织诱导及生根的影响

为探究遗传霉素对矮牵牛叶片愈伤组织的诱导及生根的影响,以矮牵牛W115叶片为外植体,研究不同浓度的遗传霉素对叶片愈伤组织、不定芽以及生根诱导的影响。结果表明,随着浓度的增加,遗传霉素对愈伤组织,不定芽以及生根诱导的抑制作用增强。其中,诱导不定芽的遗传霉素临界浓度为4mg·L-1,该浓度下,矮牵牛叶片愈伤组织分化出不定芽的分化率为0;诱导生根的临界浓度为5mg·L-1,当遗传霉素浓度≥5 mg·L-1时,植株不能正常生根。研究结果为遗传霉素在矮牵牛遗传转化中的应用提供了参考。     

不同培养基质对试管马铃薯结薯数量的影响研究

微型薯生产以有效薯的多少衡量产量的高低,有效薯越多,产量越高,繁殖系数越大,繁殖成本越低。本试验研究马铃薯试管苗的栽培基质对网室生产脱毒微型薯数量的影响,结果表明用腐质土作马铃薯试管苗的培养基质最佳,平均每m2结薯达554粒,平均株结薯3.42粒,3g以上的种薯占80.68%。     

影响蒜头果离体胚乳愈伤组织培养的几种因子

四种基本培养基（MS、B5、N6和SH）的试验结果表明，MS和N6两种基本培养基适宜蒜头果胚乳愈伤组织培养；在相同的2，4-D和6-BA激素配组中，附加低浓度的GAs（O．5mg／L）有利于胚乳愈伤组织的诱导；添加甘氨酸和椰乳（CM）对悬浮培养愈伤组织的诱导不适宜。愈伤组织继代增殖培养的适宜培养基为MS＋2，4-D2．0mg／L＋KT0．2mg／L＋GA30．2mg／L和N6＋2，4-D2．0mg／L＋6-BA0．2mg／L＋GA30．6mg／L。     

雪樱子组织培养及植株再生体系的研究

以雪樱子无菌苗叶片及茎段为外植体,研究了不同激素及不同浓度激素配比的培养基对雪樱子愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽分化及其生根的影响。结果表明,愈伤组织诱导以及芽分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+ IAA 0.2 mg/L,出愈率为87.5%,分化率为65.0%;生根最适培养基为MS+ IAA 0.2 mg/L。     

玉米幼胚离体培养和植株再生

系统研究了不同材料、不同培养基对玉米幼胚愈伤组织诱导及继代分化、植传再生的影响，结果发现，8个玉米自交系幼胚均能诱导出愈伤组织。但在继代过程中差异较大。将能继代的愈伤组织转入分化培养基进行生根培养。5010和综3自交系获得了再生植株。并且植株移栽可成活。     

In vitro grafting – twenty-first century’s technique for fruit tree propagation

ABSTRACT

In vitro grafting is a novel micropropagation technique, which has been mainly used for research purposes such as eliminating endogenous pathogens and studying shoot-root signalling or scion-rootstock compatibility. Through this technique, an in vitro grown scion is grafted on/into a micro-rootstock under aseptic conditions. Enhanced juvenility, health and growth potential of in vitro grafts, compared to traditional field/bench grafts, make this technique a great fit for mass propagation of fruit trees under current global challenges. However, to date, in vitro grafting has not been employed for commercial propagation of any crop trees.     

In vitro propagation of banana (Musa spp.) using thidiazuron and activated charcoal

Abstract

Rapid clonal propagation potential of banana was investigated by using excised shoot tips of Musa spp. Shoot tips isolated from young suckers of ‘Anamur 2’, ‘Dwarf Cavendish’, and ‘Gazipasa 6'genotypes were used. Excised shoot tips were transferred immediately to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) either alone or with indoleacetic acid (IAA). Rooting was achieved with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in the presence or absence of activated charcoal (AC). The results showed that shoot proliferation rate was statistically affected by cytokinin types and their concentration. The responses to TDZ were better than to BAP. BAP or TDZ with IAA increased shoot elongation compared with BAP or TDZ alone. An increase in plant height, root numbers and average number of roots per explant was obtained using AC. Hence, for multiplication of ‘Dwarf Cavendish’, the use of MS medium with 2.5 µM TDZ with 1 µM IAA followed by rooting with AC only is recommended. For multiplication of banana genotypes ‘Anamur 2’ and ‘Gazipasa 6’, the use of MS medium with 1 µM TDZ and 1 µM IAA followed by rooting with AC only is recommended.     

4PU-30对杂交水稻后期叶片衰老及再生芽萌发的影响研究

试验研究 4PU 30对杂交水稻后期叶片衰老及再生芽萌发的影响结果表明 ,水稻齐穗 5d喷施 4PU 30可缓解叶片叶绿素分解 ,增强超氧化物歧化酶活性 ,降低芮二醛含量和细胞渗透率 ,有效延缓叶片衰老。 4PU 30可提高水稻根系活力 ,促进再生芽生长 ,提高活芽率     

In vitro propagation and germplasm cold-storage of fertile and male-sterile Allium trifoliatum subsp. hirsutum

Summary Procedures for in vitro clonal propagation and for cold-storage of propagules were developed for fertile and male-sterile genotypes of Allium trifoliatum subsp. hirsutum, var. hirsutum and var. sterile, respectively. Highest rate of shoot multiplication was achieved from basal leaf and umbel explants on a modified BDS medium supplemented with 9 mg/l benzyladenine. Naphthalene acetic acid reduced the propagation rate, and was not required for shoot multiplication. The resulting shoots were rooted in an indole butyric acid-supplemented medium, and bulbing occurred upon exposure to a 16 h photoperiod. The small dormant bulbs were transplanted into potting mixture and sprouted after termination of dormancy, resulting in phenotypically-normal plants. No significant differences, in either shoot regeneration or plant establishment, were found between fertile and male-sterile genotypes.Basal leaf explants of in vitro grown plantlets were stored at 4–6°C for up to 16 months. Standard medium, or modified media containing 0.4 to 10.0% sucrose or 1 to 10 mg/l paclobutrazol, were used in storage experiments. Eighty to 100% and 70% survival rates, were recorded after 8 and 16 months cold-storage, respectively, in a 10% sucrose medium. Following their transfer to standard culture conditions, these explants regenerated plants which were phenotypically similar to those developed in the potting mixture.Isozyme polymorphism of 13 proteins was used to assess the genetic stability of cold-stored explants. Considerable differences in zymograms were found between the fertile and the sterile varieties. However, no differences in isozyme profiles were detected between the control field-grown plants, and those which were established from in vitro-stored leaf base explants. The only exception were plantlets exposed to a high paclobutrazol concentration in storage. The latter exhibited a doubling in the alcohol dehydrogenase profile.Abbreviations ADH Alcohol dehydrogenase - BA benzyl adenine - IBPGR International Board for Plant Genetic Resources - MDH malate dehydrogenase - MS Murashige & Skoog medium - NAA naphthalene acetic acid     

苹果叶片愈伤组织植株再生研究

本研究以苹果品种千秋试管苗叶片为试材，接种子ＭＳ附加不同浓度ＢＡ和ＮＡＡ激素组合的培养基上，经愈伤组织诱导、不定芽诱导，一步诱导千秋叶片再生不定芽。得到苹果品种千秋叶片－愈伤组织－不定芽再生的适宜培养条件为：ＭＳ基本培养基附加ＢＡ ２ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ；黑暗诱导５个星期后在同种培养基中转入光照培养，培养室温度为２５±２℃。     

荸荠试管苗的快速繁殖

以四塘荸荠和郴州荸荠两个荸荠品种球茎顶芽作为外植体，通过正交设计方法，对基本培养基、细胞分裂素、生长素类进行了优化筛选试验，并研究不同的蔗糖浓度和不同6-BA浓度对荸荠试管苗增殖的影响。结果表明：四塘荸荠和郴州荸荠增殖的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA3．0mg／L＋IBA0．1mg／L。四塘荸荠以蔗糖浓度6％为最佳，而郴州荸荠以蔗糖浓度8％效果为最佳。说明两个品种在培养基选择上存在差异。     

Bulb organogenesis of Tulipa tarda in vitro cultures in relation to light environment

Here organogenesis of tarda tulip (Tulipa tarda Stapf.) from callus explants is presented. The callus tissue was cultivated on MS media containing 3% or 6% sucrose and either no addition of BAP (6-benzyl-aminopurine) or supplemented with 0.5 μM BAP. The cultures were maintained under a 16?h photoperiod under white, red or blue fluorescent light, at 20?±?2°C for 12 weeks. This study aimed to determine the most suitable light conditions and medium composition for seed-derived callus explants in order to obtain an efficient formation of adventitious bulbs. There were no differences between the spectra of light in differentiating adventitious bulbs. Explants cultured in darkness (control), on 0.5?µM BAP and 3% sucrose, formed the highest number of adventitious bulbs. The efficiency of adventitious organogenesis amounted to 36.6 bulbs per 1?g of callus tissue. The fresh weight of biomass, cultured in these conditions, increased within 12 weeks from 1 to 6.99?g. Supplementation with BAP of the medium containing 3% sucrose promoted the formation of bulbs, but in the case of the medium with 6% sucrose, BAP had an adverse influence under every type of light. The obtained results provide a useful protocol for the micropropagation of T. tarda, which can be used commercially for rapid and cost-effective production of the tulip.     

猪肌内前体脂肪细胞的体外培养

本研究建立了猪肌内前体脂肪细胞的体外培养模型,以期为更深入研究猪肌内脂肪代谢提供新的实验方法。实验采集出生5d仔猪的背最长肌组织,Ⅱ型胶原酶消化2h后400目筛网过滤,然后1500r/min离心,沉淀用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基(完全培养基)重悬后差速贴壁2h,弃去原有培养基,加入新的含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基(完全培养基)进行培养。细胞经传代且完全融合48h后,在完全培养基中添加0.5mmol/L3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(IBMX),1μmol/L地塞米松(DEX),10mg/L胰岛素(INS)进行诱导培养48h,再换以含10mg/L胰岛素的完全培养基培养48h,最后换完全培养基继续培养,直至90%的细胞出现脂滴。培养结果:细胞贴壁生长,呈短梭状或棱形,经诱导培养后细胞充脂率高。经形态学观察、生长曲线及油红O脂肪染色法鉴定,证明是肌内前体脂肪细胞。普通PCR及实时荧光定量PCR均检测到了脂联素基因的表达。本研究通过差速贴壁法成功培养了猪肌内前体脂肪细胞,并通过诱导培养重现了其分化、成熟的全过程。     

In vitro fermentability of differently substituted xylo-oligosaccharides

Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with various substituents were fermented in vitro by fecal inocula (FI) from four human volunteers to study the influence of substitution on the ability and rate of fermentation and on the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate. By all FI used nonsubstituted XOS (nXOS) and arabino-XOS (AXOS) were fermented more quickly than the more complex structures of acetylated XOS (AcXOS) and XOS containing a 4-O-methylglucuronic acid group (GlcA(me)XOS). In the first stage (0-40 h) of the fermentations of nXOS and AXOS mainly acetate and lactate were formed. The fermentations of AcXOS and GlcA(me)XOS resulted in a lower lactate production, whereas the concentration of propionate and butyrate increased. These results put emphasis on the detailed elucidation of the structural features of nondigestible oligosaccharides in general to understand their fermentation mechanisms more precisely.