牧民定居后草地畜牧业生产经营优化模式研究

运用系统工程的原理和方法,遵循生态经济规律和资源高效持续利用的原则,研究提出了牧民定居后新的生产方式下新疆天山北坡中段草地畜牧业生产经营优化模式(暖季放牧、冷季舍饲 放牧).该模式能有效缓解草畜矛盾,人均收入比现行系统提高了63.39%,且使天然草地的生产能力、能量转化效率都有大幅度提高.     

浅谈新疆草畜平衡存在的问题及对策

通过对新疆草畜平衡状况进行分析,指出了新疆草畜平衡中存在的主要问题,提出实行草原承包责任制、发展人工草地及改良草地等措施,为新疆实施草畜平衡管理提供参考.     

海北地区天然草地(冷季)草畜平衡分析及对策

本文在海北地区草地资源分析的基础上,提出了冷季(冬春)草场牧草产量的计算方法;利用多年牲畜资料分析了其动态变化;同时结合牧草和牲畜资料分析了近年来海北地区草畜平衡实况,最后提出了一些解决草畜矛盾的对策和建议。     

刈用型黑土滩人工草地建植及利用技术规范

通过对刈用型黑土滩人工草地的建植技术、田间管理以及建植后的合理利用等内容的研究,制定了本规范,对于缓解冷季草畜矛盾,提高草地生态服务功能,发展草地生态畜牧业具有重要的指导意义。     

伊犁河谷半定居家庭牧场草畜平衡优化模式研究

通过对伊犁河谷新源县10户半定居家庭牧场草地资源利用、人工饲草生产、生产经营效益进行调查,研究分析暖季放牧、冷季舍饲的半定居家庭牧场在不同经营方式下饲草料供应量和牲畜数量之间的关系。结果表明：年度间天然草地生产力和降水量有显著的正相关关系;生产规模决定牧民的收入;达到草畜平衡的家庭牧场单位牲畜的生产效率更高。通过对夏牧场实施划区轮牧和分段放牧,将春秋牧场利用天数由现在的125天缩短到95天,以解决夏牧场局部退化和春秋牧场超载问题;通过扩大种植青贮玉米、苜蓿等高产优质牧草增加饲草来源,冷季舍饲时间由现在的1     

牧民定居存在的问题与对策

草原畜牧业作为伊犁畜牧业的重要组成部分 ,依托天然草地经营畜牧业 ,具有低能耗、低成本的优势 ,本应成为伊犁的优势产业。但由于草原畜牧业又存在着对大自然的极大依赖性 ,使其长期以来停留在低产、低效益和靠天养畜、粗放经营、自然经济的传统经营模式中制约着地区经济的迅速发展。以牧民定居为突破口改造传统草原畜牧业不仅仅是实现农牧结合、减轻天然草地压力、防止草地继续退化的驱动力 ,同时又是提高牲畜生产性能 ,加快周转 ,减少冷季放牧牲畜能量严重损失 (冷季由于气温下降引起家畜掉膘损失约 30 % ,牧草本身营养物质损失约 30 % )…     

伊犁绢蒿生物学特性的初步研究

伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地既是新疆天山北坡重要的春秋牧场,又是新疆草地退化最严重的一类草地。通过对伊犁绢蒿生长发育节律的观测及生物量动态分析,初步探究伊犁绢蒿的生物学特性。研究结果表明：草地植物年内产量变化曲线与伊犁绢蒿生长规律一致为“双峰”型,植物群落生长主要受降水的影响;伊犁绢蒿在5月到6月初生长速度较快,春季生长强度是秋季的1．6倍。     

伊犁种马场“暖季放牧、冷季舍饲”生产模式及效益分析

本文以伊犁种马场为例，通过采取加强牧民定居建设及调整天然草原利用方式等具体措施，实现了“暖季放牧、冷季舍饲”生产模式，结果表明：草地生产力和牲畜繁殖成活率得以显著提高，生态效益、经济效益和社会效益取得了较好的成效。     

环湖牧区燕麦品种生产性能综合评价试验

<正>环湖地区具有青藏高原典型的高寒气候特点,自然条件严酷,绝大部分地区位于海拔3 000 m以上,气温低,牧草生长期短,草地初级生产力水平低,冷季缺草,草畜不平衡致使放牧家畜的营养需要不能满足,草畜矛盾突出。2011年起青海省牧区全面实施国家生态补偿奖励机制,这一政策的实施有利于天然草地生态环境的恢复。但实施这一政策还有诸多问题必须解决。如草地禁牧后势必加大舍饲力度,因而对饲草产量和品质提出更高的要求。长期以来环湖地区     

伊犁绢蒿荒漠不同退化阶段草地特征与载畜力研究

伊犁绢蒿(Seri phidium transiliense)荒漠是新疆北疆地区重要的草地类型,但长期的超载过牧使该区域草地呈现不同程度的退化,严重地制约草地生产及生态功能的发挥.对伊犁绢蒿荒漠不同退化阶段草地的植物性状和载畜力进行分析,以期为区域草地的合理利用和畜牧业的可持续发展提供参考.结果表明:随着草地退化程度的加剧,伊犁绢蒿在群落中的优势地位逐渐被叉毛蓬(Petrosimonia sibirica)取代；伊犁绢蒿和群落的粗灰分与粗纤维含量在春季变化趋势相似,而伊犁绢蒿和群落的粗蛋白及粗灰分含量与粗纤维含量在秋季变化趋势相反；未退化草地春、秋季载畜力分别为1.20个绵羊单位/hm2和1.78个绵羊单位/hm2,中度退化草地春、秋季载畜力分别为0.29个绵羊单位/hm2和1.15个绵羊单位/hm2.为防止当地生态环境恶化,应在优势种发生更替前对草地进行有效的保护措施,即在对未退化和中度退化的草地利用时应以理论载畜力为最大承载力阈值.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。