古柏属(Cooperia)线虫一新种

1.本文报导了新疆和田地区牦牛小肠内的一种古柏属线虫,定名为黑山古柏线虫(新种)Cooperia hranktahensis nov.sp.2.新种雄虫的特征为背叶短小,共缺口深。背肋干短,侧枝在背肋分枝的下方((3/5)—(2/3)处)发出。交合刺长0.234—0.252毫米,自共中部稍下方分出大小2枝。3.与新种较近似的种有 C.zurnabada 和 C.mcmasterl。本文作了讨论和比较,指出了文献中关于 C.zurnabada 背肋分枝情况的矛盾之处。     

寄生在岩羊的奥斯特属线虫一新种(圆线目:毛圆科)

本文对寄生于青海岩羊(Pseudis nayaur)皱胃和小肠的矛形奥斯特线虫新种Ostertagia(Grosspiculagia)lanceata sp.nov.作了形态记述,并与其相似虫种进行了比较。 新种雄虫体长5.897～8.311mm。交合刺长0.187～0.218mm,于远端约2/5处分为三枝,背枝末端呈菌伞状,中腹枝棒状,末端尖,两枝长短相近,侧腹枝末端呈靴状,向腹面弯曲,背枝与侧腹枝粗壮。背肋长0.096～0.149mm,于远端约1/5处分为二枝。引带长0.089～0.107mm,似矛形。     

寄生于西藏绵羊的一新种线虫——念青唐古拉奥斯特线虫

1.本文报告了寄生于西藏念青唐古拉山区绵羊的一新种奥斯特线虫,定名为念青唐古拉奥斯特线虫 O.nianqingtanggulaensis n.sp.2.新种以下列两个主要特点区别于所有的奥斯特线虫:(1)交合伞的背肋背叶极短,背肋全长只0.057—0.072毫米;(2)交合刺在其全长的中央稍后方分为三枝,外腹侧枝最长,末端钝而弯曲,背侧枝稍短,但颇粗大,略呈圆锥形,内腹侧枝呈细长刺状。     

羊网尾线虫病的病原、诊断与治疗

1病原 网尾属线虫呈丝线状,口囊很小,口缘有四个小唇片。交合伞的前侧肋是独立的,中侧肋和后侧肋合二为一,仅末端分开,外背肋是独立的,背肋为两个独立的枝,每枝末端分工2-3个小杈,交合刺等长,暗褐色,短粗,呈靴形,有引器。雌虫阴门位于体中部。     

中华奥斯特线虫Ostertagia sinensis n.sp.(Nematoda,Trichostrongylidae),寄生于西藏綿羊的一綫虫新种

作者在寄生于西藏綿羊的奧斯特綫虫中发現一新种,定名为中华奧斯特綫虫O. sinensis n. sp.,新种以下列特征区別于其他奧斯特綫虫.1)雄虫体长7.40—8.50毫米,最大寬度为0.12—0.16毫米。2)交合繖的背肋长0.084—0.0925毫米,在背肋远端1/3处向左右各生出一个細长的側枝,在此同一水平綫上或稍偏下方的內側,再次分为两个主內側枝,每个主內側枝的中央附近各有一較短的外侧枝,主內側枝的末端部向外侧弯曲,其內側又有一短小的內側枝。3)交合刺长,长0.285—0.375毫米,在远端1/4处分为近于等长的三个分枝。     

短尾马歇尔线虫新种

1.本文对发现于新疆石河子、阜康和昌吉三地区绵羊真胃内的一种马歇尔线虫新种作了比较详细的形态描述,与目前世界已报道的13种马歇尔属线虫进行了比较,定名为短尾马歇尔线虫新种(Marshallagia brevicauda sp.nov) 2.本新种的特点是:虫体较短,雄虫长度不超过10毫米,雌虫长度不超过14毫米。交合刺于远端1/5左右分枝,中腹枝最短,呈薄片状,末端成尖的小钩状;背枝最宽,稍短于或几等于侧腹枝,为由外向内纵向褶叠成双层的薄板状,末端钝圆并弯向背侧。背肋细长,于远端1/4～1/5处分叉。导刺带呈长种子瓶状。雌虫尾短,长0.170～0.209毫米,约为一般马歇尔属线虫的二分之一左右。     

蓑羽鹤体结构之研究

蓑羽鹤胸骨腹侧龙骨嵴形成双层结构，其中容纳３１ｃｍ长的气管；肺的腹侧形成肺膈，肺膈末端形成肌质的肋肺肌；鹤无嗉囊；直肠与泄殖腔交界处盲肠粘膜形成花冠状的皱褶；鼻前庭前部角质化，后部有三枚软骨性悬垂直板；气管横径大于纵径，并在胸骨嵴内形成Ｕ型袢；鸣管无外鸣膜，内鸣膜覆盖鸣管的全部内侧面；公鹤的睾丸很小，左侧大于右侧；输精管乳头不发达，位于泄殖道背两侧的隐窝内。蓑羽鹤体结构与鸡和水禽均有区别。     

马、驴寄生线虫一新种——Cylicocyclus(Cylicobrachytus)zhidanensis,n.sp.

本文记叙了发现于陕西省陇县、志丹和府谷县马、驴盲肠和大结肠的一种线虫,经鉴定认为属于毛线亚科(Trichonematinae Railliet,1916)、杯环属[Cylicocyclus(Ihle,1922)]中的一新种,并定名为志丹杯环线虫 Cylic-ocyclus(Cylicobrachytus)zhidanensis,nov.sp.这个新种可由以下特点与所有种区分。(1)口囊短,宽度与深度的比为4.7～6.3:1;其纵断面为一矩形。(2)外叶冠的小叶为26片;具背沟;口囊内壁光滑。(3)雄虫生殖锥的附属物为四个,每侧两个,其基部膨大近似卵圆形,外侧者末端各有一个较短的突起;内侧者各有一较长的指状突。     

四川毛圆科线虫三新种记述

本文记述了发现于四川牛的毛圆科Trichost ronyylidae leiper,1912线虫三个新种,分属于副古柏属Paracooperia Travassos,1935和斯氏属Skrjabinagia(kassimov,1942)。其中两种寄生于水牛,定名为四川副古柏线虫P.sichuanensis sp.nov.和水牛斯氏线虫S.bubalis,sp.nov.另一种寄生于黄牛,定名为四川斯氏线虫S.sichuanensis sp.nov. 上述三新种有以下特点与所有种区分。 一、四川副古柏线虫新种,雄虫交合伞的前腹肋较大,外背肋不达伞缘。交合刺较短,为0.275～0.293毫米;其主支较长,末端向内弯呈指形钩;腹支上的齿状突为8个。雌虫阴门距尾端为0.230～0.245毫米;虫卵较大,为0.075×0.0375毫米。 二、水牛斯氏线虫新种,虫体较大。雄虫体长为6.07～8.89毫米;雌虫为8.85～10.39毫米。交合刺长0.105～0.180毫米;其主支的远端呈箭头状。雌虫阴门外无瓣膜;阴门距尾端为1.40～1.55毫米;尾长为0.120～0.140毫米。 三、四川斯氏线虫新种,雄虫交合伞的背肋分成2支,每个支的末端又分为三个小支。交合刺较长,为0.188～0.225毫米;其主支的远端呈靴状。雌虫排卵器(包括括约肌)短,为0.20～0.25毫米。     

原圆科线虫-新种-新属的研究(圆形亚目)

一、对青海省久治县境内灰尾兔的肺脏采得的原圆科线虫进行了研究,与原圆亚科的原圆属和刺尾属的特征均有显著不同,拟定名为不等刺新属(Imparispiculus,gen.nov.),该属模式种为久治不等刺线虫新种(Imparispiculus jiuzhiensis sp.nov.)。二、本新属的特征为虫体细长,角皮无横纹,头端有6个乳突,口周围有3个唇,食道长柱形,后端稍膨大,神经环在食道中部稍前方,颈乳突小,位于食道末端附近,排泄孔在食道膨大部。雄虫交合伞分为2叶,在中后侧肋和两腹肋之间有缺刻,背肋圆形,有一有柄乳突和5个无柄乳突,交合刺不等长,左枝平均长0.483mm,短于0.5mm,右枝长0.943mm,超过0.9mm,两交合刺形状略有不同,右枝比左枝栉状横纹宽,末端透明膜也长,引带由头、体、脚组成,引带脚边缘光滑,副引带由基板、两侧板和两腹板组成,形成弓形。雌虫尾端圆锥形,阴门在肛门前不远处,阴道短,前阴道发达,卵生。     

两种绿头鸭肌肉营养成分分析及评价

本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B₁含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

几个柑橘品种实生苗的抗旱性评价研究

以5个金柑属品种、枳壳、软枝酸橘及广西土柠檬实生苗为材料,进行复水成活率、旱害指数、叶片相对含水量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸等生理指标及隶属函数的综合分析,为柑橘抗性砧木品种选育提供参考。结果表明：胁迫20d复水后的成活率融安滑皮金柑和长寿金柑最高,为100%,软枝酸橘最低,为88.9%;随着干旱胁迫加剧,各品种的旱害指数呈上升趋势,长寿金柑的旱害指数最低,为0.25,软枝酸橘的旱害指数最高,为0.61;从叶片相对含水量的结果来看,长寿金柑的变化幅度最小,软枝酸橘的变化幅度最大,在第18d时分别为61.19%和37.85%;3种保护酶之间相互协同作用减轻植株受害程度,其活性变化幅度与丙二醛和脯氨酸的含量变化相似。利用隶属函数法综合分析,得出各品种的抗旱性强弱依次为长寿金柑>枳壳>融安滑皮金柑>融安金柑>山金柑>广西土柠檬>金枣>软枝酸橘。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Composition of Muscles of Two Kinds of Mallard

This experiment was aimed to study the nutritional content and value of the muscles of two mallards (White feather mallard and mallard),and provide basic data and theoretical basis for the development and utilization of mallard meat products.60 White feathered mallards and mallards (30 for each breed,half of male and female) were chosen,and the composition and content of pectoral muscle crude protein,crude fat,cholesterol,amino acids,fatty acids,trace elements and vitamins were determined according to national standards and the nutritional values of muscle were evaluated.The results showed that the content of crude protein in muscle of White feather mallard was significantly lower than that of mallard (P<0.05).17 kinds of amino acids with contents higher than 0.01% were detected in the muscles of the two kinds of mallards,among which the contents of threonine,histidine,serine and proline in the muscles of the White feather mallard were significantly higher than those of mallard (P<0.05).The contents of lysine,glutamate and arginine were significantly lower than those of mallard (P<0.05).13 kinds of fatty acids with contents higher than 0.01% were detected,and the contents of stearic acid and oleic acid were significantly lower than those of the mallard.9 mineral elements (sodium,magnesium,potassium,calcium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc and selenium) in two kinds of mallards were detected,and there was no significant difference between the two kinds of mallards (P>0.05).8 kinds of vitamins were detected,and the content of vitamin B₁ in muscle of White feather mallard was significantly higher than that of mallard (P<0.05),but the contents of vitamin D and vitamin E were significantly lower than that of mallard (P<0.05).The ratio of amino acids in muscle of two kinds of mallards was close to the ideal model recommended by WHO,which was rich in mineral elements and vitamins for human body,and had a broad prospect of development and utilization.     

论我国企业跨国并购中的薪酬整合问题

随着我国经济的持续增长,我国企业已经迈出了跨国并购的步伐,但是由于地区间文化与制度的差异,导致了我国企业跨国并购整合困难重重,其中尤以薪酬整合为甚为棘手。如何整合薪酬已成为我国企业跨国并购中的关键问题之一。文中就我国企业跨国并购中遇到的薪酬问题进行了讨论,并从战略的角度出发讨论了我国企业跨国并购的薪酬整合过程,即：全面薪酬调查、制定匹配的薪酬战略薪酬战略的有效实施。     

Evaluation of Indicators of Weight-Carrying Ability of Light Riding Horses

To answer the question of whether horse height, cannon bone circumference, and loin width can be used as indicators of weight-carrying ability in light horses, eight mature horses underwent a submaximal mounted standard exercise test under four conditions: carrying 15, 20, 25, or 30% of their body weight. Heart rate was monitored, plasma lactate concentration was determined in jugular blood samples pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 10 minutes post-exercise, with serum creatine kinase activity determined at the same times as plasma lactate concentrations, with additional samples collected at 24 hours and 48 hours post-exercise. Muscle soreness and muscle tightness scores were determined using a subjective scoring system 24 hours before and 24 hours after exercise. Heart rates remained significantly higher when the horses carried 25 and 30% of their body weight. Plasma lactate concentrations immediately and 10 minutes after exercise differed when horses carried 30% of their body weight compared with 15, 20, and 25% weight carriage. Horses tended to have a greater change in muscle soreness and muscle tightness when carrying 25% of their body weight, and a significant change in soreness and tightness scores was found in horses carrying 30% of their body weight. Loin width and cannon bone circumference were found to be negatively correlated to the changes in muscle soreness and tightness scores. In conclusion, the data suggest that horses with wider loin and thicker cannon bone circumference became less sore when carrying heavier weight loads.     

甘肃农业大学草业科学人才培养体系分析

甘肃农业大学草业科学专业经过60多年的不断探索和创新,在基本理论创新,教学指导思想确定、教学计划与培养方案制定,课程设置、教学模式建立及推广、教材建设、人才培养体系建立和学研产结合等方面取得了显著成绩,形成了独具中国特色的草业高等教育教学体系,培养了一大批优秀草业科学人才。针对教学存在的问题,提出了今后相应的整改措施。