水氮耦合对膜下滴灌马铃薯产量、品质及水分利用的影响

该文通过田间试验,研究在西北旱区对膜下滴灌条件下水氮耦合效应及其对马铃薯产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响,从而确定马铃薯适宜的水氮用量,以求达到节水、节肥和高产优质的目的。试验设置2个土壤湿润比水平:40%(P1)和70%(P2),5个施氮水平:90(N1)、135(N2)、180(N3)、225(N4)、270kg/hm2(N5),共10个处理。试验结果表明:相同水分条件下,马铃薯块茎质量、块茎淀粉含量、块茎维生素C含量、耗水量、产量和水分利用效率都随施氮量的增加而呈抛物线趋势变化,块茎蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加呈增加趋势。相同氮肥条件下,湿润比P2处理的马铃薯块茎质量、块茎淀粉含量、块茎维生素C含量、块茎蛋白质含量均高于湿润比P1,湿润比P2处理的耗水量比湿润比处理P1高11%,湿润比P2处理的产量比湿润比处理P1高5%,但是湿润比P1处理的水分利用效率比湿润比P2处理高5.4%。其中,P2N3处理的马铃薯单株块茎质量、块茎维生素C含量表现最好,P1N5处理的马铃薯块茎蛋白质含量最高,P2N2处理的马铃薯块茎淀粉含量和产量表现最优,产量最高为54187kg/hm2,P1N2处理的水分利用效率最高为12.86kg/m3。P2N3处理的马铃薯高产优质,且水分利用效率较高,是西北旱区膜下滴灌条件下马铃薯生产中适宜的水氮组合。     

不同水氮管理对日光温室番茄产量及土壤无机氮的影响

以传统水氮管理为对照,分别采用氮素实时监控技术对保护地番茄主要生育期进行氮素追施优化管理,同时结合小管出流的灌溉方式及夏季休闲季添加小麦秸秆-氰氨化钙的优化水氮管理处理并根据课题组同一地区多年的番茄氮素优化管理经验得出的推荐水氮管理处理,即将氮素追施量定为N 300 kg/hm2,在番茄第一、三、五穗果实膨大期各追施N100 kg/hm2,比较研究了不同水氮管理措施对保护地番茄产量及土壤无机氮的影响。结果表明:与传统水氮管理相比,在保证番茄产量的前提下,优化水氮管理和推荐水氮管理两季番茄分别减少了63.5%和50%的氮肥追施量,优化水氮管理处理两季番茄分别减少了44%和39%的灌溉用水。此外,优化水氮管理处理还显著提高了番茄全年的总产量,增产约10%。传统的氮素投入使番茄生育期内的土壤无机氮含量保持较高水平,试验结束时,传统水氮管理处理在0-180 cm各土层无机氮残留量均在N 200 kg/hm2以上,其0-180 cm土层无机氮残留总量已超过N 1 500 kg/hm2;而优化水氮管理和推荐水氮管理处理在改进水氮管理措施后,0-180 cm各土层无机氮残留量显著降低,仅为传统水氮管理的1/2,大幅度降低了土壤氮素的淋洗风险,减轻了由于不合理的水氮管理而对环境造成的影响。     

灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对免耕厢沟栽培杂交稻氮素利用及产量的影响

【目的】免耕厢沟是四川重点推广的水稻栽培模式。研究该模式下不同灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对水稻干物质累积、转运和氮素利用效率等的影响,可为免耕厢沟水稻栽培水肥管理提供依据。【方法】 以杂交中稻F优498为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,主区为传统水层灌溉(W1)和干湿交替灌溉(W2)两种灌溉方式,副区为氮肥运筹模式,在总施氮量为150 kg/hm2条件下,设置基肥 ∶蘖肥 ∶穗肥分别为6 ∶2 ∶2(N1)、 4 ∶2 ∶4(N2)、 2 ∶2 ∶6(N3)等3种氮肥运筹模式,以不施氮(N0)为对照,研究免耕厢沟模式下,杂交稻在齐穗期、成熟期各处理下干物质氮素积累、茎鞘的干物质转运、产量及其构成因子以及氮素利用效率。【结果】 灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对水稻主要生育期干物质量和氮吸收、转运及产量具显著影响及互作效应。干湿交替灌溉能扩“库”增“源”,保证足够的穗数,提高干物质积累量;淹水灌溉无效分蘖较多,群体质量变差,对干物质积累、氮素吸收、产量造成不利影响。适宜的前氮后移能为水稻整个生育期提供比较平衡的氮素供应,促进氮素的吸收、 提高氮素积累、协调氮素分配;N2模式下氮素表观利用率达69%以上,氮肥的农学利用效率、表观利用率比N1(6 ∶2 ∶2)和N3(2 ∶2 ∶6)分别高4.50%~36.85%、 8.09%~28.54%,增产7.47% ~15.76%。合理的水氮管理显著提高各生育期的氮素积累量,促进齐穗后叶和茎鞘氮素向穗的运转量。【结论】 干湿交替灌溉(W2)和氮肥运筹4 ∶2 ∶4(N2)为本试验条件下的最优水氮运筹模式,其充分发挥了水氮耦合优势,促进齐穗后“源”(茎鞘、叶)氮素向“库”(穗)的运转,有利于高产群体构建,有效提高氮素利用率,提高水稻每穗实粒数和结实率,增产效果显著。     

不同降水年型水氮运筹对冬小麦耗水和产量的影响

灌水和施氮是影响农田生态系统粮食生产的2个主要因素,但其增产效应和资源利用效率会受降水年型的影响。该研究基于2011—2014在陕西关中平原进行的3 a冬小麦水氮耦合试验,分析了不同降水年型下水氮管理对土壤含水率、籽粒产量、耗水量(water consumption,ETa)及产量与耗水量关系的影响。结果表明:7—9月总降水量每增加1 mm,小麦播前0~180 cm土壤底墒增加0.47 mm。随着灌水量增加,产量和ETa均增加,但仅在降水较少的2012—2013年增产显著,对水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的影响不显著;随着施氮量增加,ETa变化不显著,但其增产效果显著,使WUE显著提高,表明施氮增加了作物蒸腾占农田耗水量的比例。根据3 a各处理冬小麦产量和ETa数据,进一步探讨了在一定水分消耗下能达到的最大(边界)产量和WUE,建立了关中平原冬小麦的产量-耗水量边界方程;当ETa超过388 mm时,产量稳定在8 184 kg/hm2,WUE的最大值为2.52 kg/m3。研究可为制订合理的冬小麦水肥管理措施提供科学依据。     

农田秸秆覆盖条件下冬小麦增产的水氮条件

通过田间试验建立了冬小麦产量与灌水量及施氮量的关系模型,并作了模拟分析,以期研究旱地农田秸秆覆盖条件下冬小麦增产的水氮条件.结果表明:秸秆覆盖的冬小麦能否增产与水肥供应关系密切.生育期间没有补充灌水时,覆盖增产主要取决于氮肥用量,氮肥投入较少时覆盖冬小麦经济产量能取得显著的增产效果;氮肥用量较高时产量低于未覆盖处理.因此,在雨养农业区,通过配合适量的氮肥完全能够做到秸秆覆盖下增产增收.在不同氮肥用量前提下,覆盖的增产效果除了与生育期总灌水量有关外,还与灌水量在各生育期间的分配有关.因此,在有灌溉条件的地区,根据氮肥投入情况,将有限的水分配在作物最需要的时期才能取得秸秆覆盖下的节水高产.     

云南蔗区播期与水氮耦合对甘蔗产量和糖分影响

播期调控和水氮优化管理是提高作物产量和品质的有效措施。德宏是云南甘蔗主产区之一,属于典型的湿润蔗区,然而播期和水氮管理对该区甘蔗生产的耦合效应尚不明确。该文基于云南德宏蔗区瑞丽甘蔗试验站的大田分期播种试验数据评估了APSIM-Sugar(Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator-Sugar)模型的适应性,并应用验证后的模型进行了播期和水氮耦合对甘蔗大田生产影响的情景模拟,通过比较不同耦合方式下的蔗茎产量、蔗茎含糖量、水分和氮肥利用效率等指标差异,分析了云南德宏蔗区雨养和灌溉条件下的最优播期和水氮管理耦合方案。结果表明:APSIM-Sugar模型能够较准确的模拟云南德宏蔗区甘蔗代表品种(ROC22和YZ0551)在典型播期下的蔗茎产量和含糖量变化趋势,模拟相对均方根误差在10%以内,决定系数R~2大于0.9。播期调控和水氮优化能够为德宏蔗区的甘蔗生产提供积极影响,雨养条件下采用春植或冬植有利于甘蔗稳产和水氮高效利用,灌溉条件下采用秋植或春植有利于甘蔗高产和水氮高效利用。云南德宏等湿润蔗区旱地甘蔗推荐种植模式为,春植蔗2月下旬播种,冬植蔗12月下旬播种,施用纯氮60 kg/hm~2,可获得95～100t/hm~2的蔗茎产量(含糖量大于19%)。水浇地甘蔗推荐种植模式为,春植蔗2月下旬播种,施用纯氮120 kg/hm~2,配合伸长期灌水360 mm,可获得近120 t/hm~2的蔗茎产量(含糖量大于17%);秋植蔗10月下旬播种,施用纯氮180 kg/hm~2,配合分蘖期和伸长期灌水720 mm,可获得近170 t/hm~2的蔗茎产量(含糖量大于18%)。研究结果可为在云南湿润蔗区进行甘蔗生产的播期调控和水氮优化提供依据,为甘蔗高产高效种植管理决策提供参考。     

不同灌溉措施对黄淮海地区冬小麦水氮利用及产量和品质的影响

通过设置不同灌溉处理来研究灌溉次数和时期对黄淮海地区冬小麦产量、籽粒品质和水氮利用的影响。结果表明:浇足底墒基础上拔节期灌一水不仅可获得较高的产量并提高水氮利用效率,减低硝态氮淋失风险,而且可获得较好的物理品质(硬度指数、容重)和蛋白质品质(粗蛋白、湿面筋和沉淀值)及最优的粉质仪质量指数、拉伸仪参数和降落数值。在此基础上增加冻水、开花水、灌浆水等处理的产量增加不显著,各项品质指标没有明显改善,水分利用效率降低,而且显著增加硝态氮淋失风险;因而黄淮海地区最优的节水灌溉模式是浇足底墒基础上拔节至挑旗期灌溉一水。     

灌水量对有机基质栽培黄瓜生长及氮素利用的影响

为提高有机基质栽培水分精细化管理水平,采用醋糟基质为黄瓜栽培基质,以‘碧玉2号’黄瓜为材料,在控制灌水量(T)分别为基质最大质量含水率的40%≤T1<55%、55%≤T2<70%、70%≤T3<85%和85%≤T4<100%的条件下,研究了不同灌溉水平处理对黄瓜植株生长、干物质积累、光合作用能力、产量、水分及氮素生产率的影响。结果表明:随着灌水量的增加黄瓜产量增加但水分利用效率下降,T4灌溉处理产量最高但其水分利用效率最低,T1处理水分利用效率最高但其产量最小;T2,T3和T4处理间叶片氮质量分数差异不显著,根系氮素质量分数间差异也不显著,T1处理果实氮素质量分数显著高于其他处理,而茎、叶氮素质量分数又显著低于其他处理,不同灌溉水平处理对有机基质栽培黄瓜氮素产量生产效率影响不显著。该文研究结果可为有机基质栽培的水分精确化管理提供技术支持和依据。     

Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Impacts on Soil Nitrate in Potato Production

ABSTRACT

Parts of the Kern County have high nitrate levels in groundwater. A State Water Resources Control Board commissioned report has indicated that crop land agriculture is the main source of nitrates in the groundwater. Annual rainfall is less than 20 cm, thus irrigation is necessary for optimum crop production. A project was undertaken to evaluate current nitrogen fertility and irrigation scheduling in potato production and their contribution, or lack thereof, to nitrate movement in the soil profile and potential nitrate contamination of groundwater. A line-source sprinkler plot area was established to create soil moisture regimes of 120% of target, target (optimum soil moisture for potato growth) and 80% of target. Pre-plant and post-harvest soil samples were collected to a depth of 2 meters. Plant, root and tuber samples were collected and analyzed for nitrogen content. Soil moisture and irrigation amounts were monitored. Plant dry matter and tuber yield increased with each N rate increase. The high N rate increased plant growth disproportionally to the increased tuber yield. Appropriate irrigation scheduling did not produce water movement beyond the effective potato rooting zone. Excessive irrigation moved soil nitrate deeper into the soil profile.     

氮肥后移对引黄灌区水稻产量和氮素淋溶损失的影响

通过田间小区试验研究在优化施肥条件下氮肥后移技术对引黄灌区水稻籽粒产量和氮素渗漏淋失量的影响。结果表明:与农民常规施肥处理(N300)比较,氮肥后移各处理在氮素投入降低20%的基础上水稻产量没有降低,显著提高了氮肥利用率,N240/3处理的氮肥利用率达到40.5%,比N300处理提高了8.8%。田面水中TN和NH4+浓度施肥后1～3d达到最大,而NO3-极大值出现在施肥后3～5d内,之后逐渐降低,施肥后的前9d做好水肥管理是防止氮素流失的关键时期。N300处理氮素渗漏淋失主要发生在分蘖期,氮肥后移处理主要发生在分蘖期和孕穗期,TN渗漏淋失量在29.78～44.51kg/hm2之间,N240/3处理TN淋失量比N300处理降低了33.1%;氮素淋失形态以NO3-为主,占TN淋失量的74.14%～79.44%。综合考虑水稻产量和环境效益,氮肥后移技术N240/3处理可作为一种资源节约和环境友好的施肥技术在水稻种植上应用。     

Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Potato under Fertigation Utilizing a Nitrogen Tracer Technique

Abstract

Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Nitrogen fertilizer (¹⁵N‐labeled urea) and irrigation methods (drip and furrow) were evaluated on spring and fall potato cultivars under Syrian Mediterranean climatic conditions. Field experiments were conducted in the El‐Ghab Valley near Hama in fall 2000 and spring 2001 on a heavy clay soil. Four N‐fertilizer applications (70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha) were applied in five equally split treatments for both irrigation methods. Potato was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth reached 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Higher marketable tuber yield of spring potato was obtained by fertigation compared to furrow irrigation; the magnitude of tuber yield increases was 4, 2, 31, and 13%, whereas for fall potato the tuber yield increases were 13, 27, 20, and 35% for N fertilizer rates of 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha, respectively. Shoot dry matter and tuber yields at the bulking stage were not good parameters to estimate marketable tuber yield. The effect of N treatments on potato yield with furrow irrigation and fertigation was limited and not significant. Drip fertigation improved tuber yield of fall potato relative to national average yield. Nitrogen uptake increased with increasing N input under both irrigation methods. Reducing N input under both irrigation methods improved N recoveries. Increasing N input significantly increased total N content in plant tissues at the bulking stage. Spring potato yields were almost double those of fall potato under both irrigation methods and all N treatments.

Nitrate (NO₃) movement in the soil solution for fall potato was monitored using soil solution extractors. Furrow irrigation resulted in greater movements of NO₃‐N below the rooting zone than drip fertigation.

Harvest index did not follow a clear trend but tended to decrease upon increasing N fertilization rates beyond 140 kg N/ha under both irrigation methods. Drip fertigation improved field water‐use efficiencies at the bulking and harvest stages. Fertigation increased specific gravity of potato tubers relative to furrow irrigation. Higher N input decreased specific gravity of potato tubers under both irrigation methods.     

适宜施氮量提高温室砂田滴灌甜瓜产量品质及水氮利用率

为解决设施砂田甜瓜生产中的水肥瓶颈问题,该文通过大田试验,研究西北旱区设施砂田甜瓜传统水肥管理与滴灌施肥处理对不同生育时期甜瓜生长、产量、品质及水氮利用率的影响,从而确定甜瓜高效的灌溉方式及适宜的氮肥用量。试验设置了2个对照处理:大水漫灌不施氮肥(CK0)和大水漫灌传统施氮(CK),并在灌水量减少40%的滴灌条件下设置了4个氮肥水平:不施氮(T1)、传统施氮量N 180 kg/hm2(T2)、减氮40%即N 108 kg/hm2(T3)、增氮40%即N 252 kg/hm2(T4),共6个处理。结果表明:滴灌施肥处理较对照在甜瓜生长后期光合、植株干物质及氮素积累量等生理、生长指标均显著提高,甜瓜增产7.40%~14.35%,水、氮利用率分别提高28.81%~40.65%和22.78%~77.22%,果实品质中可溶性固形物及Vc含量也显著提高,硝酸盐含量显著降低,且滴灌可减少砂层含土量,从而延长砂田的使用年限。相同滴灌条件不同氮水平处理间,甜瓜植株干物质及氮素积累量随施氮量的增加而增加,而光合指标、产量、品质及水氮利用率则表现出先增加后降低的趋势,其中以T2和T3处理的甜瓜产量、品质和水氮利用率最高。综合分析表明,滴灌施肥是西北旱区设施砂田甜瓜栽培优质高产、高效和节水节肥的水肥管理模式,适宜的氮肥施用量为108~180 kg/hm2。     

Compatibility of root growth and tuber production of potato cultivars with dynamic and static water‐saving irrigation managements

The important root characteristics of root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) generally differ among irrigation managements and potato cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the RLD and RMD variations and their functional relationships with gross potato tuber yield for two commercial potato cultivars, Agria and Sante, under different irrigation strategies. Full irrigation and water‐saving irrigation strategies, deficit and partial root drying irrigations, were applied statically (S) and dynamically (D) based on daily crop evapotranspiration. Results showed that SPRD had significantly greater RLD (3.64 cm/cm³) and RMD (132.7 μg/cm³) than other irrigation treatments. Between the potato cultivars, Agria had significantly larger values of RLD (3.50 cm/cm³) and RMD (138.7 μg/cm³) than Sante. The functional relationship between the root growth characteristics and tuber yield showed that under water‐saving irrigations, Agria increased root mass at the expense of gross tuber yield but Sante increased root mass to maintain larger gross tuber yields. However, Agria produced more roots and gross tuber yield than Sante, and it is concluded that Agria is a more drought‐tolerant potato cultivar, which is recommended for tuber production in regions where water might be scarce. It was shown that larger root production in potatoes was associated with improved tolerance to water stress.     

膜下滴灌微咸水棉花临界氮稀释曲线模型与氮肥用量推荐

为了优化膜下滴灌微咸水条件下棉花生产氮素管理。于2017–2019年在新疆库尔勒市开展3 a定位施氮试验,以新陆中棉花为试验材料,设置施氮水平0（NF0）、150（NF1）、250（NF2）、300（NF3）、350（NF4）、450（NF5）kg/hm²,各试验处理灌水量均为487.5 mm,分析施氮量对棉花地上部干物质量、氮素累积吸收量、产量和氮肥利用效率的影响,构建了膜下滴灌微咸水棉花临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型。结果表明：棉花氮素累积吸收量随生育期进程的推进而增大,棉花临界氮浓度与最大地上部干物质量符合幂函数关系。氮肥农学利用率和表观利用率均与施氮量呈二次多项式变化关系,氮肥生理利用率和偏生产力均与施氮量呈线性关系。氮浓度稀释曲线模型参数a和b分别为3.967和-0.227。NF1、NF2和NF3处理的氮素营养指数均小于1,表明氮素营养供应不足,棉花生长受到氮素限制。NF4和NF5处理的氮素营养指数接近于1,说明棉花氮素营养状况较好,但NF5产量和氮素利用效率较低,NF4获得最高产量和较高的氮素利用效率。因此,350 kg/hm²为南疆膜下滴灌微咸水棉花生育期推荐施氮量,该研究构建的临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型对田间施氮管理具有重要意义。     

不同肥力稻田晚稻水氮耦合效应研究

在不同土壤背景氮稻田中,采用不同的水氮管理模式,研究了灌水和施氮方式对晚稻的产量、农艺性状、氮肥利用率及节水效果的影响。结果表明,与淹水灌溉相比,湿润灌溉技术能使晚稻产量提高5.1%~6.5%;土壤氮残留量增加0.4%~2.3%;氮肥农学利用率、吸收利用率、生理利用率分别提高12.6%~113.4%、0.4%~19.7%、11.3%~92.9%,且增幅随着土壤背景氮的上升而提高;节省水资源18.0%~34.3%。施氮方式上,以氮素基肥:追肥为50:50的效果最佳,与农户传统的70:30比例相比,产量提高0.3%~8.9%,并表现出低肥田淹水条件下增幅大、高肥田湿润条件下增幅大的现象;氮肥利用率虽都有一定的提高,但除低肥田外,中、高肥田中差异不显著。试验还发现,氮肥利用率与稻田土壤背景氮呈直线负相关,r = -0.9919;氮肥流失量随着土壤背景氮的增加而上升。研究表明,采用合理的灌溉和施肥,能有效地提高氮肥利用率、增加水稻产量,并节省灌溉用水。但在土壤高背景氮的稻区,最主要的问题是大量减少氮肥用量,以减少氮素流失,降低氮肥对环境的污染。     

水氮配施对绿洲温室黄瓜氮素代谢及产量品质的影响

为明确绿洲温室黄瓜的水氮适宜用量,以黄瓜品种"卓越99F1"为材料,采用田间随机区组排列设计,研究了不同水氮处理对黄瓜氮素代谢及产量品质的影响.结果表明:土壤含水量为田间持水量65％～80％、施氮量为234 kg·hm-2的处理,黄瓜植株体内硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶活性最高;...     

水肥耦合对加气滴灌加工番茄产量及品质的影响

为探求北疆地区水肥耦合对加气灌溉加工番茄产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响，该研究设置2个灌溉水平分别为4 950和4 050 m3/hm2、4个施氮梯度分别为280、250、220和190 kg/hm2以及2个加气水平分别为掺气比例15%和0%进行完全组合设计。结果表明，加气灌溉使加工番茄产量显著提高2.32%～10.02%，灌溉水分利用效率与氮肥偏生产力分别提高6.12%和6.19%。加气提高了加工番茄可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量，基于主成分分析对各品质指标进行综合评价，得出最优处理为灌水4 050 m3/hm2，施氮250 kg/hm2。研究可为提高新疆加工番茄水肥利用率提供理论依据。     

膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累和氮素吸收及水氮利用效率的影响

在膜下滴灌条件下,设3个氮素水平和2个水分水平,研究了水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累、氮素吸收及产量、水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,增加水分或氮素供应,花铃期根冠生物量和氮素吸收增加; 增加灌水量,吐絮期地上部干物质和氮素积累量增加,根干物质积累量在低氮或高氮下增加,中氮降低; 产量和氮素利用效率增加,水分利用效率下降。水分胁迫条件下,增加氮素的供应吐絮期地上部干物质、氮素积累量、产量差异不大,根干物质积累量以N276处理最高,氮素利用率下降,水分利用率增加。水分充分条件下,增加氮素的供应吐絮期根干物质下降,地上部干物质、氮素积累、产量和水氮利用效率以N276处理最高。水分不足或高氮限制了干物质在花铃期至吐絮期的积累、导致棉花提早衰退,引起产量下降。     

Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality

To evaluate the effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber yield and quality, an experiment was conducted in 2009 and 2010. Experimental factors were the irrigation regimes including: FI, providing 100% of the water requirement of potato; IR1, providing 70% of the water requirement of potato by reducing the applied irrigation water between planting and tuber initiation by 30%; and IR2, providing 70% of the water requirement of potato by reducing the applied irrigation water during the whole growing season by 30%; and three potato cultivars Agria, Almera and Sinora. The results indicated that cultivars Agria and Almera were much better than Sinora in terms of tuber yield under all irrigation regimes. For Agria and Almera, the experiments show that the full irrigation regime had the highest yield and water productivity. For Sinora, however, deficit irrigation yields higher water productivity than the full irrigation regime. Consequently, deficit irrigation IR1 and IR2 should be applied to Sinora, but not to Agria and Almera.     

不同生育期水分亏缺耦合施氮量对花生光合特性和品质的影响

为探究不同生育期水分亏缺和施氮量对花生光合特性、产量及品质的影响,于2020和2021年设置测坑裂区试验,研究充分灌溉(I_F,灌水下限为田间持水率的70%～75%)和调亏灌溉(I_RD,花针期和饱果期控水下限均为田间持水量的55%～60%)下,施氮量(0(N₀)、50(N₅₀)、100(N₁₀₀))kg/hm²)对花生光合速率、蒸腾速率、产量及品质的影响。研究结果表明,与充分灌溉相比,花针期调亏灌溉降低了花生叶片光合速率和蒸腾速率;结荚期复水后,由于补偿效应,调亏灌溉处理的光合速率和蒸腾速率均高于充分灌溉。调亏灌溉耦合100kg/hm²氮肥处理(I_RDN₁₀₀)显著提高了花针期和结荚期的光合速率和蒸腾速率(P<0.05),且花生产量最高,较传统水氮处理(I_FN₁₀₀)2 a平均提高了13.4%(P<0.05)。与传统水氮处理相比,I