花后干旱与渍水下氮素供应对小麦碳氮运转的影响

防雨池栽条件下，设置渍水、干旱和对照3个土壤水分处理，每个水分处理下再设置两个施氮水平，研究了花后渍水和干旱逆境下氮素水平对两个蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种碳氮运转的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，花后渍水和干旱处理均降低小麦叶、茎鞘、颖壳等各营养器官花前贮藏物质再运转量和再运转率以及营养器官花前贮藏物质总运转量，降低了籽粒重。水分逆境下增施氮肥可以提高小麦叶和颖壳花前贮藏物质再运转量和运转率，茎鞘花前贮藏物质再运转量和运转率。在对照和干旱下增施氮肥提高了营养器官花前贮藏物质总运转量和运转率以及籽粒重和花后同化物输入籽粒量，而渍水下增施氮肥趋势相反。水分逆境降低了小麦叶、茎鞘、颖壳等各营养器官花前贮藏氮素再运转量和再运转率以及花前贮藏氮素总运转量和总运转率，降低了小麦籽粒氮积累量。在对照和干旱下增施氮肥提高了小麦叶片的花前贮藏氮素运转量和运转率，茎鞘的贮藏氮素运转量，营养器官花前贮藏氮素总运转量和运转率，籽粒氮积累量以及花前氮素对籽粒总氮贡献率，而渍水下增施氮肥趋势相反。水分逆境明显降低小麦产量、淀粉和蛋白质产量，且干旱处理下增施氮肥有利于籽粒产量、淀粉产量和蛋白质含量的提高，而渍水下增施氮肥使产量进一步降低。试验结果表明，花后渍水和干旱逆境下施用氮肥可明显调节小麦碳、氮物质运转以及最终的籽粒淀粉与蛋白质积累。     

花后灌水对高油玉米碳氮运转的影响

在大田条件下,研究了花后灌水对高油玉米碳氮积累和运转的影响。结果表明，花后灌水降低了高油玉米叶、茎、鞘等营养器官贮藏物质、氮紊的再运转量和再运转率以及贮藏物质、氮素的总运转量和总运转率，花后籽粒吸收氮素量和光合同化物输入籽粒量表现为不灌水〉灌一水〉灌三水。花后籽粒吸收氮素量对籽粒氨素的贡献率则与营养器官贮藏氮素转移的贡献率相反，即灌三水处理值表现最高，花后籽粒吸收氮素量和光合同化物对籽粒的贡献率远大于营养器官贮藏氮素和同化物转移的贡献率。高油玉米籽粒、蛋白质、淀粉和油产量以花后灌一水最高，灌三水时降低；随灌水次数增加籽粒油分含量增加，蛋白质含量下降。     

Remobilization efficiency and photosynthetic characteristics of five barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under terminal drought stress

Drought is an important limiting factor which can cause major loss in barley productivity. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes on assimilate remobilization and photosynthetic characteristics of five barley cultivars in 2012 and 2013. There were four levels of irrigation including well-watered [soil moisture content in root depth kept at 100% field capacity (FC)], mild drought (75% FC), severe drought (50% FC), and very severe drought (25% FC). Results showed that Karoon and Valfajr cultivars had the maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_n) ranged from 16.3 to 19.3 µmol CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 under very severe drought. Stomatal conductance (gs) was affected by drought so that Karoon and Valfajr had the lowest gs under severe and very severe drought. By improving the drought, remobilization efficiency in Karoon and Valfajr increased from 18.3% in well-watered to 54.1% under severe drought. In both years under severe and very severe drought, maximum 1000-grain weight and grain yield was obtained in Valfajr and Karoon. Overall, in arid areas, applying suitable irrigation regimes such as mild or severe drought can control soil drying, so that suitable cultivars such as Karoon and Valfajr can rehydrate overnight, and yield might not be inhibited severely.     

Foliar application of silicon at different growth stages alters growth and yield of selected wheat cultivars

To evaluate the response of some selected wheat cultivars to silicon application at different growth stages under drought stress, an experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran, during 2012 using a completely randomized factorial design with four replications. Experimental treatments included drought stress (100% F.C. as control and 40% F.C. as drought) and foliar application of 6 mM sodium silicate (control, application at mid tillering stage, at anthesis stage, and application at tillering + anthesis stages) and wheat cultivars (Sirvan and Chamran, relatively drought-tolerant, and Shiraz and Marvdasht, drought-sensitive cultivars). Drought stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content, leaf area, relative water content, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biomass of all wheat cultivars. Furthermore, drought stress increased electrolyte leakage of the flag leaves of all cultivars. In contrast, foliar-applied silicon significantly increased these parameters and reduced electrolyte leakage. Furthermore, highest positive influence of silicon application was observed at combined use of silicon both at the tillering + anthesis stages in wheat plants under both stress and non-stress conditions. Significant differences were found in physiological responses among wheat cultivars. The drought tolerant cultivars (Sirvan and Chamran) had significantly higher growth and yield than those of drought sensitive cvs. Shiraz and Marvdasht under drought stress. In conclusion, foliar application of silicon especially at the tillering + anthesis stages was very effective in promoting resistance in wheat plants to drought conditions by maintaining cellular membrane integrity and relative water content, and increasing chlorophyll content.     

Assimilate and nitrogen remobilization of six-rowed and two-rowed winter barley under drought stress at different nitrogen fertilization

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes and N levels on assimilate remobilization of two barley cultivars (Yousef_six-rowed and Nimrouz_two-rowed) in 2011 and 2012. There were three levels of water regimes (full irrigation (I₁₀₀), 75% and 50% of I₁₀₀: I₇₅ and I₅₀, respectively) in 2011. Rain-fed treatment (I₀) was included in 2012. Three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg ha^?1) were used. Grain yield and assimilate remobilization decreased by severe water stress (I₀), however, the reduction of them were intensified by N fertilizer application. The N remobilization was negatively affected by N fertilization and water stress. The two-rowed showed higher N remobilization (10.7%) and contribution of N remobilized to N content of grain (5.8%) than the six-rowed. The two-rowed cultivar showed significantly higher assimilate remobilization and grain yield than the six-rowed under I₅₀ (26.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and I₀ (48.7% and 17.1%, respectively), while the six-rowed had similar or higher performances in terms of these traits under I₁₀₀ and I₇₅. This study showed that optimizing irrigation and N rates (decrease N level with increasing water stress) and selection of the suitable cultivars (Nimrouz_two-rowed) might increase assimilate remobilization and consequently grain yield under drought stress conditions.     

Effect of silicon on photosynthetic gas exchange,photosynthetic pigments,cell membrane stability and relative water content of different wheat cultivars under drought stress conditions

This study aims to explain the effects of silicon (Si) foliar application on gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability and leaf relative water content of different wheat cultivars in the field under drought stress conditions. The experiment was arranged as a split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation regime (100%, 60%, and 40% F.C.), silicon (control and Si application) and wheat cultivars (Shiraz, Marvdasht, Chamran, and Sirvan) were considered as main, sub and sub-sub plots, respectively. This study was carried out at the Research Farm of the Collage of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran, during 2012–2013 growing season. The results showed that foliar application of silicon increased the leaf relative water content, photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chl and carotenoids), chlorophyll stability index (CSI) and membrane stability index (MSI) in all wheat cultivars, especially in Sirvan and Chamran (drought tolerant cultivars), under both stress and non-stress conditions. However, more improvement was observed under drought stress as compared to the non-stress condition. In contrast, these parameters decreased under drought stress. Si significantly decreased electrolyte leakage in all four cultivars under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, the intercellular carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration (C_i) increased under drought stress. Si application decreased C_i especially under drought stress conditions. Net photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (g_s) were significantly decreased under drought conditions. Under drought, Si applied plants showed significantly higher leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) and carboxylation efficiency (C_E) decreased in all cultivars under drought stress. However, the silicon-applied plants had greater WUEi and C_E under drought stress. The stomatal limitation was found to be higher in stressed plants compared to the control. Exogenously applied silicon also decreased stomatal limitation. Overall, application of Si was found beneficial for improving drought tolerance of wheat plants.     

春小麦开花前后有限供水的生产效应

在防雨棚内的盆栽实验条件下,研究了4种梯度的10种水分组合对红芒麦和宁春10号产量及耗水量等的影响.结果表明,试验期间充分灌水、轻度、中度、重度干旱处理,随着干旱程度的加剧,株高、干物质积累、产量、耗水量都逐渐减少;红芒麦灌浆期不同程度的干旱处理,均有利于产量的形成,促进物质运输,提高了千粒重,同时减少了水分消耗,提高了WUE;孕穗期干旱处理后,灌浆期复水,会造成减产,和灌浆期相比,孕穗期是水分敏感的时期,而灌浆期对水分亏缺不敏感.两种小麦相比较,宁春10号耗水量大、产量低、抗旱性较强,但适应性较差.     

拔节期水分胁迫-复水对冬小麦干物质积累和水分利用效率的影响

选用华北地区冬小麦的代表品种——石家庄8号为供试品种,采用盆栽试验,按亏缺程度（轻度60%FC和重度40%FC）和胁迫历时（5d和10d）在冬小麦拔节期设置4个水分胁迫处理和1个对照（全生育期充分灌水）,研究拔节期水分胁迫-复水对冬小麦干物质积累、分配以及产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,拔节期不同程度的水分胁迫均会造成根、茎、叶和整株干物质量的减少,而且胁迫程度越大、历时越长,影响越大;复水可对小麦不同器官干物质积累产生不同程度补偿效应,但程度有限,各处理最终的干物质量均低于对照;轻度历时5d的水分胁迫利于根系增长,根干物质分配指数和根冠比均高于对照,但任何程度和历时的水分胁迫均对叶干物质的积累和分配造成不利影响;所有胁迫-复水处理的产量均低于对照,但轻度历时5d的水分胁迫却可显著提高水分利用效率,相比对照水分利用效率提高了9.4%。总之,本试验研究表明在冬小麦拔节期适宜的轻度胁迫可以优化调控干物质的分配,有利于提高作物植株整体的抗旱能力,对冬小麦干物质积累和产量的影响很小,同时适度水分胁迫减少了冬小麦耗水量从而明显提高了水分利用效率。     

土壤重金属铜、镉胁迫对冬小麦碳氮运转的影响

在盆栽试验条件下，选用铜、镉两种金属元素各设置3个浓度水平，即Cu，（100mg／kg），Cu2（200mg／kg），Cu3（300mg／kg）和Cd1（10mg／kg），Cd2（50mg／kg），Cd3（100mg／kg）共6个处理，以不施金属元素处理为对照．研究了Cu。Cd胁迫对冬小麦碳氨运转的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，铜、镉处理降低了小麦叶片、茎鞘、颖壳等营养器官花前贮藏物质再运转量和再运转率以及花前营养器官总运转量和运转率。降低了粒重。其中以Cu2，Cd2处理对叶片影响最大，Cu3，Cd2处理对茎鞘、颖壳穗轴和总运转量影响最大。小麦叶片、茎鞘、颖壳等营养器官花前贮藏氮索再运转量和总运转量随铜、镉施用浓度的增加而降低，籽粒氨素积累量也随之降低，而各营养器官花前贮藏氮素再运转率和总运转率的变化较为复杂。Cu。Cd对籽粒产量、淀粉和蛋白质含量的影响均表现为随施用浓度增加而降低的趋势。     

NUTRIENT UPTAKE,PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES,AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) EXPOSED TO EARLY AND LATE DROUGHT STRESS

The response of different wheat cultivars to drought imposed after three and six weeks of seedling emergence was evaluated in the wire house. The seeds of recommended local wheat cultivars were sown in plastic pots. The drought stress decreased the water relation, nutrient uptake and grain yield of all the wheat cultivars. The early drought stress significantly reduced the nitrogen (N) uptake by 38% while late drought stress decreased nitrogen uptake by 46%. The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake were decreased by 49% and 37% under early drought stress, respectively while their uptake was decreased by 51% each under late drought stress. Grain yield was reduced by 24% under early drought stress while it was reduced by 60% under late drought stress. Water deficit at early growth stages reduced grain weight by 10% while it was reduced by 35% under water deficit at later stages of growth.     

Sowing date effects on dry matter remobilization and yield of triticale (Triticosecale wittmack) under late season drought stress

A 2-year field experiment using a randomized complete block design with the treatments arranged as split-split-plot with three replicates was conducted to investigate the effects of different sowing dates. Different irrigation regimes and different triticale cultivars were tested during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Under cutting off irrigation at the milk development stage, Sanabad with 46.2% had higher relative water content on December 3 sowing date. Assimilate remobilization in cutting off irrigation at dough development was more than that at milk development and Sanabad had the highest assimilate remobilization on 3 December sowing date in both years. In both years, Sanabad had the highest remobilization efficiency. The highest contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to grain was obtained on 3 December sowing date in both years in Sanabad. Lower grain yield in Juanillo cultivar under cutting off irrigation, appeared to be due to reduction in remobilization efficiency, especially by cutting off irrigation at milk development stage in late sowing date. Overall, Sanabad was more tolerant to cutting off irrigation than Juanillo.     

不同水分条件下冬小麦的水分利用效率、产量和可溶性糖含量

以我国北方12个冬小麦品种(系)和美国德州3个冬小麦品种(系)为材料,在甘肃陇东黄土高原旱作和拔节期有限补灌条件下,研究了不同基因型小麦之间产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和灌浆期穗下节可溶性糖含量的差异。结果表明:不论旱作还是有限补灌,不同基因型冬小麦之间产量、WUE、穗下节可溶性糖含量均存在明显差异,随着灌浆过程的进行穗下节可溶性糖含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,灌浆中后期达到最大。小麦穗下节可溶性糖含量在旱作条件下高于有限补灌。在2008年9月至2009年6月生育期降雨较常年减少1/3,属于严重干旱年份,小麦灌浆初期和中期穗下节可溶性糖含量与籽粒产量和水分利用效率无明显相关性,但到灌浆中后期和后期却达到显著相关;小麦拔节期补灌100mm水分后,不同基因型小麦表现出明显的水分补偿或超补偿效应,并且灌浆期穗下节可溶性糖含量与产量、WUE均呈显著正相关,并在灌浆中后期和后期达到极显著相关。因此,旱地冬小麦灌浆中后期和后期穗下节可溶性糖含量可作为筛选高效用水品种的参考指标之一。     

Alleviation of drought stress in winter wheat by late foliar application of zinc,boron, and manganese

In many regions, drought during flowering and grain‐filling inhibits micronutrient acquisition by roots resulting in yield losses and low micronutrient concentrations in cereal grains. A field and a greenhouse experiment were conducted to study the effect of foliar applications of zinc (Zn), boron (B), and manganese (Mn) at late growth stages of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown with or without drought stress from booting to maturity. Foliar applications of Zn, B, and Mn did not affect grain yield in the absence of drought. However, under drought, foliar application of Zn and B in the field increased grain yield (15% and 19%, respectively) as well as raising grain Zn and B concentration, while Zn and Mn sprays in the greenhouse increased grain yield (13% and 10%, respectively), and also increased grain Zn and Mn concentrations. Furthermore, under drought stress both in the field and greenhouse experiment the rate of photosynthesis, pollen viability, number of fertile spikes, number of grains per spike, and particularly water‐use efficiency (WUE) were increased by late foliar application of micronutrients. These results indicate that by increasing WUE foliar application of Zn, B, and Mn at booting to anthesis can reduce the harmful effects of drought stress that often occur during the late stages of winter wheat production. These findings therefore are of high relevance for farmers' practice, the extension service, and fertilizer industry.     

Economic water use efficiency of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids as affected by irrigation regimes: a case study in West Iran

Water deficit stress is the main limiting factor in corn production in different regions of Iran. Choosing appropriate corn hybrids and well-managed irrigation practices will result in significant water savings (WS) and good outcomes. Therefore, a randomized complete block design arranged in split plots with four replications was used to evaluate the effect of irrigation regimes on some agronomic traits of corn hybrids. Three different irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 60%, 70%, and 80% of field capacity (FC) as water deficit stress, mild water deficit stress and well-irrigated treatment, respectively) were allocated to main plots and four grain corn hybrids (KSC 500, KSC 647, KSC 700, and KSC 704) were randomized in subplots. The results indicated that grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), and relative water content (RWC) decreased, whereas water use efficiency (WUE), WS, and irrigation efficiency (IE) increased, with increasing water deficit stress intensity. Irrigation after depleting 70% of FC caused the highest economic WUE (1.01 kg grain m^?3). In addition, late maturing hybrids (KSC 700 and KSC 704) showed higher values of all measured traits, except for HI, compared to mid-maturing hybrids (KSC 647 and KSC 500).     

土壤水分对小麦产量和品质的影响

本文综述了土壤水分对小麦产量和品质的影响。土壤水分既影响小麦产量,也影响其籽粒品质;土壤水分缺少能够影响器官发育,使叶面积减小,叶绿素含量降低,群体叶片光合性能下降。土壤水分缺少还使开花后的光合产物减少,造成灌浆物质不足,原贮存在营养器官中的物质向籽粒的运转速度加快,贮存物质在粒重中的比例提高,在一定程度上弥补了粒重和产量的降低。同时,土壤水分也影响小麦品质,主要表现在蛋白质和淀粉上。     

灌水量和时期对不同品种冬小麦产量和耗水特性的影响

为明确品种更替过程中冬小麦的耗水特性、产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的变化规律,以及对水分胁迫的响应,于2010-2012两个生长季选取河南中北部建国以来不同年代的7个主栽品种为试验材料,在田间设置三个水分处理下(W0,返青后不灌水;W1,拔节期灌水;W2,拔节和灌浆期分别灌水),研究了冬小麦的耗水特性、产量构成因素、收获指数和水分利用效率的变化过程。研究结果表明:在冬小麦更替过程中,冬小麦总耗水和土壤贮水消耗与年代差异不显著,而受降雨和灌溉影响较大。从20世纪50年代至现在,90年代及以后的冬小麦品种千粒重在41g以上,明显高于早期品种。两年生长季冬小麦籽粒产量增加58.4%和41.8%,平均每次更替增加396和362kg/hm2;收获指数增加37.0%和18.0%,平均每次更替增加0.2和0.1;WUE增加55.3%和40.8%,平均每次更替增加0.11和0.10kg/m3。现代品种源、库关系得到改善,千粒重大幅度增加和收获指数增加是籽粒产量提高的主要原因。籽粒产量和WUE由品种和水分互作效应决定,在拔节期和灌浆期灌水可明显提高籽粒产量水平,并在一定程度上提高了水分利用效率。     

Amelioration of drought stress in wheat by combined application of PGPR,compost, and mineral fertilizer

Among various abiotic stresses, global drought reduces global growth and yield of wheat. Present research has been designed to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on wheat by combined application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), compost, and mineral fertilizers. In this experiment, the role of fertilizer, compost, and PGPR inoculation to ameliorate drought stress was studied in two wheat varieties at vegetative stage. Water stress adversely affects morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of the wheat plant. Inoculated seed with compost and mineral fertilizer grown in drought condition showed 43% increase in relative water content (RWC) of 9.39% in Membrane Stability Index and 82.20% in chlorophyll as compared to control. Drought affected the accumulation of osmolytes, but PGPR in combination with compost and mineral fertilizer under drought stress triggered higher accumulation of soluble sugar and proline content, i.e., 28.96% and 73.91%, respectively. It is concluded from this research that PGPR in combination with compost and mineral fertilizer considerably reduces the effect of drought on wheat by enhancing the physiological (RWC, membrane stability, chlorophyll content, and water potential) and biochemical (proline and sugar) aspects of the plant.     

基于APSIM模型小麦-玉米不同灌溉制度作物产量和水分利用效率分析

针对海河平原地下水位持续下降和维持小麦—玉米两熟较高产量之间的矛盾,对不同降水年型小麦—玉米不同灌溉制度下产量和水分利用效率(WUE)进行模拟分析,结果对平衡该区域地下水可持续利用与粮食生产提供重要科学决策依据。利用研究区域站点长时间序列气象数据,以小麦不同水分处理地上部生物量、叶面积和周年土壤水分动态田间试验数据为基础,对APSIM小麦玉米遗传参数和土壤水分等相关参数进行了校准和验证。利用校准和验证的APSIM模型,对不同降水年型小麦—玉米不同生长阶段水分亏缺指数(CWDI)进行了分析,并模拟了8种不同灌溉制度情景下小麦玉米产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)。结果表明:不同降水年型小麦各生育阶段CWDI均较高,说明无论干旱、平水和湿润年份小麦需水量远大于降水量,尤其是拔节—成熟期水分严重亏缺,属极旱;玉米抽雄前基本不受干旱胁迫影响,但抽雄后的灌浆阶段处于中旱或重旱,对水分需求迫切。兼顾产量和水分利用效率的灌溉制度,干旱、平水及湿润年份全年灌溉3次,灌水量为225 mm(小麦播种75 mm+拔节期75 mm+开花期75 mm)时可获得较高的周年产量和最大WUE。不同降水年型周年产量和WUE在干旱年份分别为17 357.6 kg/hm~2和29.6 kg/(hm~2·mm),平水年份分别为18 827.9 kg/hm~2和25.9 kg/(hm~2·mm),湿润年份分别为19 685.2 kg/hm~2和25.8 kg/(hm~2·mm)。此灌溉制度下,小麦、玉米可获得较高的产量和水分利用效率,为该区域水—粮权衡的重要灌溉策略和措施。     

水分亏缺对不同小麦品种矿质元素吸收分布及水分利用的影响

在限制小麦灌溉面积的大背景下,为进一步稳产促优,本文探讨了华北地区水分亏缺对不同小麦品种矿质元素吸收、分布特性及其与植株水分利用和产量的关系。选用3个生态类型冬小麦品种(抗旱品种‘沧麦6001’、丰水高产品种‘邯麦9’和多抗超高产品种‘济麦22’),设置正常和水分亏缺两个水平的人工气候室箱体栽培试验,主要调查了小麦不同器官矿质元素含量、积累量变化、分配比以及矿质元素变化对水分利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明,矿质元素的含量和分配具有器官特异性,其中小麦叶片Ca、籽粒Cu和Zn、茎秆Na的含量、分配比最高;Fe含量、积累量及Fe分配比因品种、器官、水分差异而不同:正常水分下,‘沧麦6001’以茎秆、‘邯麦9’以叶片的Fe含量、分配比最高;‘济麦22’以茎秆和颖壳Fe含量较高,以叶片和颖壳Fe分配比较高。而水分亏缺下,‘沧麦6001’和‘邯麦9’Fe含量以籽粒最高,‘济麦22’以叶片最高;3品种Fe分配比均以籽粒最高。此外,水分亏缺增加了小麦籽粒Cu、Zn含量及分配比,籽粒Zn、Na和Ca积累量,显著增加‘沧麦6001’的水分利用效率和产量以及‘济麦22’的产量水分利用效率;而降低了‘沧麦6001’籽粒Mn、‘邯麦9’籽粒Cu和Mn、‘济麦22’籽粒Cu和Fe积累量以及‘邯麦9’水分利用效率、干物重、产量。综上,水分亏缺下,‘沧麦6001’更易高产高效,籽粒Fe含量增加,但需补充一定的Mn元素;‘济麦22’的水分利用效率增加,产量未显著下降,需补充一定Fe元素保证品质;‘邯麦9’产量和水分利用效率均显著下降,且籽粒中Cu和Mn积累下降明显。相关分析表明,Cu、Zn、Ca、Mn含量与干物重变化之间存在一定的相互调节作用,但未直接影响产量和水分利用效率,这可能与品种间差异及品种和水分互作影响有关。但矿质元素可能通过影响干物重间接调控水分利用效率的趋势是存在的,尚需进一步研究和验证。     

土壤干旱对冬小麦功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶及抗旱性的影响

以６个抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种为试验材料，研究了土壤干旱对拨节期冬小麦功能叶片过氧化物酶同工酶、生物产量及某些经济性状的影响。结果表明：一定程度的土壤干旱可导致小麦功能叶片过氧化物酶同工酶发生相应的变化，抗旱性不同的小麦品种其同工酶酶谱不同，其酶谱变化与抗旱性间存在着一定的相关性。