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1.
Amitava Chatterjee 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(10):1459-1464
Additions of ammonium sulfate and urease inhibitor with urea might have potential to increase yield and quality due to increased supply of sulfur (S) and reduction in volatilization loss of nitrogen (N), respectively. Treatments consisting, (i) urea alone, (ii) urea with ammonium sulfate (UAS) and (iii) homogeneous granular fertilizer containing urea and ammonium sulfate (HBU), and (iv) urease inhibitor treated urea (UI), at two application rates, 134 and 168 kg N ha?1, were compared for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production at Glyndon and Ada of Minnesota, USA, during 2014–2015. For both crops, additions of UI had increased yield due to higher soil N availability over urea only in 2015. In 2014, UI also increased the grain protein content over urea and UAS increased sugar content only over HBU in 2015. Spring wheat and sugarbeet yield and quality response to urease inhibitor or supply of S in the form of UAS depends on soil and climatic factors. 相似文献
2.
铜氮配施对冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在豫中潮土区通过田间裂区试验研究了铜、氮配施对冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质的影响。结果表明,氮肥对冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质产量影响达极显著水平,对蛋白质含量影响不显著。铜肥对籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的影响都达到极显著水平,对籽粒蛋白质含量影响达显著水平。氮、铜交互对冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质产量影响达极显著差异,对蛋白质含量影响也达显著差异。综合考虑产量和蛋白质因素,本试验条件下,铜、氮配施以N1Cu2处理(即施氮120 kg.hm-2,施铜45 kg.hm-2)为适宜的铜、氮配施比例。 相似文献
3.
Durum wheat in temperate regions can lead to yields with higher technological quality and stability compared to Mediterranean areas. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen (N fertilization on grain yield and quality, in different pedo-climatic conditions of temperate areas. Field experiments were conducted in two sites (sandy-loam and silty-clay-loam) in Northern-West Italy for three years: five different N rates, two different types of fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, nutritional activator, slow-release fertilizer) were compared considering yield, protein content and yellowberry. N fertilizer rate had a more consistent effect on protein than yield; the response was affected by soil texture and rainfall during the growing season. The use of different types of fertilizer seem to play a minor role. The management of N fertilization must consider mainly the effect on quality parameters of N rates and rainfall during the growing season and their interaction with soil texture. 相似文献
4.
潮土长期施用生物炭提高小麦产量及氮素利用率 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
该文于2011年起在黄淮海典型潮土区建立的秸秆炭化还田定位试验的基础上,系统观测了2011至2017年时间段秸秆生物炭连续施用下小麦生长及氮吸收情况,分析了产量构成因素,地上干物质及氮累积,关键生育期叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和群体数量等与小麦增产的关系,并监测了长期生物炭施用下土壤有机碳(SOC)与全氮(TN)含量的变化。该试验采用小麦/玉米周年轮作,设每季0、2.25、6.75和11.25 t/hm2四个秸秆生物炭处理(分别表示为BC0(对照)、BC2.25(低)、BC6.75(中)和BC11.25(高))。结果表明,与BC0相比,BC2.25仅在2015/2016季提高小麦产量,对其他5季无明显效果;BC6.75则在2014/2015、2015/2016和2016/2017的后3季显著提高小麦产量;而BC11.25提高了2014/2015和2015/2016季小麦产量。尽管生物炭处理对各季小麦产量影响各异,但6季各处理平均产量数据显示低、中、高量生物炭处理均可提高小麦产量7.0%~8.5%、生物量5.2%~10.8%和氮肥偏生产力6.8%~8.6%,且3个处理间并无差异;中、高量生物炭处理还可提高小麦秸秆产量11.4%~12.6%、穗数10.1%~11.2%、籽粒氮积累量9.4%~11.2%、秸秆氮积累量17.4%~23.8%、地上部氮积累量13.3%~20.9%。生物炭施用在促进小麦生长和氮吸收利用的作用方面与其增加小麦生育期LAI和SPAD值一致,具体表现为低、中、高量生物炭处理均可明显增加2015/2016和2016/2017两季小麦主要生育期群体数量以及增加两季拔节期、抽穗期SPAD值和LAI值。3个生物炭处理对提高2011/2012土壤SOC含量和2011—2014年土壤TN含量无明显效果,中、高量生物炭处理可增加2012—2017年土壤SOC含量32.6%~215.6%和2014—2017年土壤TN含量20.0%~36.8%。研究表明,合理施用生物炭能够促进黄淮区潮土农田冬小麦籽粒产量和氮肥偏生产力以及促进小麦生长和地上部氮素吸收,进而起到提高土壤肥力和增加土壤固碳的作用。 相似文献
5.
为揭示不同高分子材料对土壤-小麦氮磷的互作效应,在滴灌土壤中添加腐植酸、改性高分子和复合高分子3种材料,研究其对不同粒级土壤氮磷含量和储量的变化特征,以及对春小麦各器官氮磷积累及产量的影响。结果表明,高分子材料对不同粒级全氮含量影响较大。与对照(CK)相比,腐殖酸处理(H)显著增加了>20~40 cm土层中>2、>1~2、>0.25~1和≤0.053 mm粒级范围的全氮含量;改性高分子材料(P)和复合高分子材料(HP)处理分别显著提高了表层土壤(0~20 cm)中>2、>1~2和≤0.053 mm粒级范围和>2、>0.25~1和≤0.053 mm粒级范围的全氮含量。对不同粒级全磷含量的研究发现,H和P处理分别显著提高了表层土壤中>0.25~1和>2 mm粒级范围内的全磷含量,同时在>20~40 cm土层中,H和P处理均在>1~2、>0.053~0.25 mm粒级范围内的全磷含量与CK处理存在显著差异。进一步对不同粒级氮磷储量的研究表明,H处理主要增加了>0.25~1 mm粒级范围内的氮磷储量;P处理有利于提高>1~2、>0.25~1、>0.053~0.25和≤0.053 mm粒级范围内的全磷储量。高分子材料尽管不利于春小麦茎的氮磷积累量及干物质量的增加,却提高了其它器官氮磷积累量及干物质量,特别是在成熟期的籽粒中这种增加幅度更大。其中H和P处理中籽粒的氮磷积累量较CK分别增加了25.6%、24.9%和40.9%、26.7%(P<0.05),同时籽粒产量提高了19.7%和12.6%(P<0.05)。冗余分析表明,>1~2和>0.25~1 mm粒级范围内的氮磷储量是春小麦增产的主要驱动因子之一。该研究结果明确了高分子材料对土壤氮磷养分的作用机制,为当地的应用和推广提供更为深入的理论基础。 相似文献
6.
探明长期常规施肥下灌淤土小麦产量变化及其与施肥的关系,为灌淤土小麦施肥管理及提高作物产量提供理论依据.采取统计分析的方法,研究国家级土壤肥力长期监测点中灌淤土的4个代表性监测点常规施肥条件下小麦产量变化及其与施肥量的关系.结果表明,灌淤土长期耕作施肥近20年,小麦产量呈现出极显著的增长趋势,年均增加117 kg/hm~2,多年平均产量5 354 kg/hm~2;无肥区小麦产量则表现为下降趋势,年减产50 kg/hm~2,多年平均产量1 420 kg/hm~2.小麦产量与化肥NP、总施肥量(有机加无机)NPK均呈极显著正相关,其中前者呈对数关系,后者更接近直线相关,相关系数分别为0.699 5、0.395 5.小麦肥料农学利用效率平均年下降速率0.250 1 kg/kg,施肥区相对于无肥区的多年平均增产率371%,其中,在单施化肥情况下,前者平均年下降速率为1.766 4 kg/kg,后者表现出下降趋势,但不显著;而有机无机配施条件下,则前者有上升趋势,但不显著,后者年均增加30.9个百分点.施肥是增加灌淤土小麦产量的重要措施.采取有机无机肥料相结合的方式,在施足有机肥的基础上,适当控制磷肥施用量,增施氮钾肥可实现小麦高产、稳产. 相似文献
7.
长期施用不同肥料对小麦玉米间作产量、氮吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:12
对连续14年施用不同肥料后,春小麦.春玉米间作下,土壤硝态氮的累积和分布,作物产量及对氮素的吸收利用进行了研究。结果表明,在施农家肥120t.hm2(M)、绿肥45t.hm2(G)、秸杆10.5t.hm2(S)、N375kg.hm2(N)、农家肥60t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(M+N)]、绿肥22.5t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(G+N)]、秸杆5.25t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(S+N)]和CK等8个处理中,土壤剖面硝态氮的累积和分布以N处理最高,地上部N浓度和吸N量以N、1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)处理较高,但3处理间无明显差别。间作小麦子粒产量和生物学产量以M、G、1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)等处理较高,间作玉米子粒产量和生物学产量以1/2(G+N)、N、G和1/2(M+N)等处理较高。氮肥利用率以1/2(S+N)处理最高,1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)低于1/2(S+N)、S和N处理,但高于M、G处理。说明氮肥与农家肥或绿肥配合施用,既能增加作物产量,提高氮素吸收利用,又可减少土壤中硝态氮的累积。 相似文献
8.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(12):1387-1402
ABSTRACTAlthough environmental impacts of biochar are well characterized, impacts on soil quality, nutrient availability and crop productivity, still remain a challenge due to the diverse response of different soil types to different types of biochar, namely those obtained at low temperature. The impact of an alkaline woody biochar (two doses 5% and 10%) obtained at 280°C, on soil enzyme activity, soil microbial respiration rate, mineral nitrogen (N) availability and ammonia volatilization was studied in one conventionally and one organically managed soils, with and without the addition of urea or composted farmyard manure. Biochar additions had different effects on soil enzyme activity in both soils, suggesting lower decomposing microbial activity processes promoted by biochar. Both soils showed a similar decreasing trend regarding soil respiration rates for all treatments, and significant relationships were observed between the treatments with different rates of applied biochar, but not constant for the entire incubation period. Urea application increased soil mineral N concentrations, especially nitrate concentrations when biochar was applied as well. Biochar decreased ammonia volatilization from conventionally managed soil fertilized with urea, but did not have a significant effect when compost was added to the organically managed soil. Biochar altered microbial behavior in soil, and was affected by previous soil management. So, the impact of biochar produced at low temperatures on soil biological processes is similar to those obtained at high temperature, thus proving that there is no need to increase the energy expenditure to produce biochar, to obtain a good product. 相似文献
9.
10.
Natália Martins Teixeira Reges Heinrichs Carolina Santos B. Bonini Joshua Afzal Guilherme Constantino Meirelles Cecilio Viega Soares Filho 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(1):89-98
The intensification of livestock yield requires advances in the management and fertilization of forage crops. This study was conducted to determine the dry weight yield (DWY) along with the concentration and amount of nutrients of Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombasa. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 6?×?2, six leaf rates of Zn chelate and two soil types (Entisols and Ultisol) with low and medium Zn content and four replicates. Entisols with low Zn content and Ultisol with average Zn content were used plus a control treatment with Zn sulfate. The Zn chelate and Zn sulfate foliar application did not affect the DWY. The tillering and DWY were higher in Ultisol than in Entisol. The Zn content in DWY was directly proportional to rate chelated Zn. The root dry weight yield of Mombasa grass reduced with the chelated Zn foliar application in Entisol and had no effect on Ultisol. 相似文献
11.
为了解生物炭对滴灌春小麦产量及土壤肥力的影响,通过2年田间试验对灰漠土土壤和春小麦养分及产量等进行了研究。结果表明:与CK相比,施用生物炭显著(P0.05)增加了土壤肥力,并显著(P0.05)增加春小麦对N、P和K的吸收,还对春小麦产量及构成具有积极的促进作用。与NP处理相比,NP+B6处理显著(P0.05)增加了土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾含量以及植株吸磷量。与NP+M6处理相比,NP+B6处理显著(P0.05)增加了土壤全氮、速效钾和植株养分吸收量。 相似文献
12.
生物炭与氮肥配施对土壤肥力及红枣产量、品质的影响 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
13.
氮磷配施对“济麦22”小麦产量及品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过田间试验研究了氮磷配施对超高产冬小麦"济麦22"产量及磨粉品质、糊化特性、面团流变学特性及烘焙品质等的影响。结果看出,容重、出粉率与磨粉品质呈显著正相关;峰值粘度和峰值时间对面粉糊化特性影响显著;湿面筋含量、沉降值与面团流变学特性指标呈显著或极显著正相关,且对烘焙品质的影响显著。产量和品质的大部分指标随施氮磷量的增加而发生显著变化,氮磷肥对产量和品质的互作效应显著。施N 300 kg/hm2、P 150kg/hm2处理可获得超高产,且容重、出粉率、湿面筋含量、沉降值及面团稳定时间均显著高于其它处理,表现出较好的磨粉品质和烘焙品质。表明在本试验条件下,该施肥量是济麦22优质超高产的最佳施肥模式。 相似文献
14.
Majid Aghaalikhani Majid Gholamhoseini Aria Dolatabadian Aydin Khodaei-Joghan Kamal Sadat Asilan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):1149-1169
With regard to the low cation-exchange capacity and large saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils, a field experiment was carried out in 2006–2007 to determine the impact of zeolite on nitrogen leaching and canola production. Four nitrogen (N) rates (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha–1) and three zeolite amounts (3, 6 and 9 t ha?1) were included as treatments. The results demonstrated that the highest growth parameters and seed yield were attained with 270 kg N ha?1 and 9 t zeolite ha?1. However, the highest and the lowest seed protein percentage and oil content were obtained with 270 kg N ha?1 accompanied by 9 t zeolite ha?1, respectively. Nitrate concentration in drained water was affected by nitrogen and zeolite. The lowest and highest leached nitrate values were found in control without N and zeolite (N0Z0) and in treatments with the highest N supply without zeolite (N270Z0), respectively. In general, nitrogen-use efficiency decreased with an increase in N supply. Application of 9 t zeolite ha?1 showed higher nitrogen use efficiency than other zeolite amounts. Also, application of more N fertilizer in soil reduced nitrogen uptake efficiency. In total, application of 270 kg N ha?1 and 9 t zeolite ha?1 could be suggested as superior treatment. 相似文献
15.
采用盆栽试验,研究了生物黑炭对大豆根际土壤氮素转化强度及无机氮的影响。结果表明:固氮作用强度在结荚期达到最大值,此后逐渐呈现出降低的趋势。氨化作用强度在开花期、结荚期和鼓粒期有显著差异,5%生物黑炭处理的氨化作用强度均显著高于CK处理。硝化作用强度在苗期、开花期和结荚期,N_2Y_5和N_1Y_5处理下的根际土壤硝化作用强度与CK处理均存在显著性差异;在鼓粒期和成熟期,只有N_2Y_5处理与CK处理存在显著性差异,分别比CK处理提高了58.87%,84.49%。生物黑炭的适量施用提高了根际土壤铵态氮的含量。苗期、花期、结荚期和鼓粒期不同处理之间铵态氮含量存在显著差异,成熟期差异不显著。合理的生物黑炭施用量对硝态氮利用起着关键性的作用,在苗期、花期、结荚期、鼓粒期,5%生物黑炭的处理均显著高于CK处理,在成熟期,N_1Y_5,N_1Y_(10)和N_2Y_(10)处理下的根际土壤硝态氮含量比CK处理显著降低了20.73%,21.04%,22.85%。 相似文献
16.
不同施磷量对小麦旗叶光合性能和产量性状的影响 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
为揭示磷肥调控光合作用的可能机制,1999~2001年度在河北农业大学教学基地进行了不同施磷水平的田间试验。供试品种为河农859,设3个磷肥水平(分别为P2O575,225和375.kg/hm2)。结果表明,在施用P2O575~375.kg/hm2的范围内,随施磷量增加,旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、可溶性蛋白质含量(Pro)和ATP酶活性都增加,叶绿素含量缓降期(RSP)和光合速率高值持续期(PAD)延长,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随施磷量的变化并不规律。高施磷量(P2O5375.kg/hm2)时,旗叶的叶绿素b含量(Chlb)减少、希尔反应和非环式光合磷酸化活性受到抑制,对磷肥的响应规律基本一致。但此条件下,Pn并不低,产量构成因素和子粒产量也最高。表明,尽管以上三个指标对磷肥响应敏感,但在一定范围内波动并不影响碳固定能力,不致成为光合作用的主要限制因素。 相似文献
17.
黄土高原氮磷肥水平对旱作冬小麦产量与氮素利用的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
为了探求氮磷肥合理和高效利用的科学依据,以黄土高原中南部的旱地农田生态系统长期定位试验为基础,选取了不同施氮和施磷水平,探讨了不同降水年份,氮磷肥用量对作物产量、氮素吸收和利用等相关指标的影响。结果表明,平水年份施氮水平在0~45?kg/hm2和干旱年份在0~90?kg/hm2范围内作物产量和收获指数均随施氮水平的增加迅速提高,超过这个范围后则差异较小;施磷水平在0~45?kg/hm2之间产量增幅较大,干旱年份施磷量反而降低了收获指数;吸氮量随氮磷用量变化与产量有相似趋势;不同降水年份施氮水平对氮素收获指数均无显著影响,而施磷水平在干旱年份对氮素收获指数没有显著影响,平水年份则随施磷水平增加而有所提高;平水年份氮素利用效率随施氮水平的增加呈降低趋势,而干旱年份施氮水平对冬小麦氮素利用效率没有显著影响,施磷则在不同降水年份均比不施磷肥的处理提高了冬小麦的氮素利用效率,但较高的施磷水平之间差别较小。冬小麦产量和吸氮量之间有显著相关关系,干旱年份更接近二次曲线,氮素利用效率随吸氮量增加呈直线下降趋势。旱作农田氮磷配施及采用适中的氮磷肥用量可以促进作物对氮素的吸收,同时得到较高的氮素利用效率,从而使冬小麦获得较高的产量和较强抵御干旱的能力。 相似文献
18.
施氮量和底追比例对小麦氮素吸收利用及子粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响 总被引:23,自引:10,他引:23
在大田栽培条件下,运用15N示踪技术研究了不同施氮量和底追肥比例对小麦氮素利用和子粒产量及蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥提高了小麦植株的氮素积累量、子粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量。相同施氮量条件下增加追肥氮的比例,提高了氮肥农学利用率和吸收利用率,增加了植株地上部器官(子粒+营养器官)中追肥氮、土壤氮的积累量,提高了营养器官中氮素的转运量和开花后氮素的同化量,增加了子粒蛋白质含量。相同的氮素底追肥比例条件下,将240.kg/hm2施氮量降至168.kg/hm2的处理,氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥偏生产力提高,子粒中土壤氮的积累量增加,植株地上部器官中土壤氮的积累量亦增加,开花后氮素同化量提高,子粒蛋白质含量增加。各施氮处理间子粒产量无显著差异。在本试验条件下,施氮量为168.kg/hm2且全部于拔节期追施是兼顾产量、品质和效益的优化处理。 相似文献
19.
黑河绿洲新垦沙地农田灌溉与施氮量对春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用完全随机裂区试验设计,灌溉量作为主处理,施氮量作为副处理,在黑河流域新垦沙地农田进行了春小麦生产试验研究。结果表明,灌溉与施氮对春小麦产量、产量构成要素及水分利用效率产生显著性的影响。在各施氮处理下,春小麦产量、产量构成要素随灌溉量增加而增加,产量、单粒质量与粒数在0.6ET(ET为估算春小麦生育期耗水的灌溉量)处理分别比1.0ET处理下降21.98%、14.68%与9.10%。0.6ET的水分利用效率显著高于0.8ET和1.0ET,0.8ET与1.0ET两者相差不显著。在各灌溉处理中,施氮221kg/hm^2与其他施氮处理相比,其产量及产量构成要素最高,同时,各灌溉处理最佳经济施氮量相差不大(226.8~227.9kg/hm^2),小于最大产量的施氮量(277.4~305.1kg/hm^2)。研究表明,黑河流域新垦沙地农田以0.6ET灌溉与221kg/hm^2施氮组合可以获得相对高的产量与高水分利用效率。 相似文献
20.
[目的]探讨不同生物质炭施用量条件下旱地红壤中NO-3-N的含量及水平运移规律,为该地区的农田水分管理和环境保护提供科学依据。[方法]采用室内水平扩散率仪测定不同生物质炭施用量[C0(0t/hm~2,不施用生物质炭),C1(2.5t/hm~2),C2(5t/hm~2),C3(10t/hm~2),C4(20t/hm~2),C5(30t/hm~2)和C6(40t/hm~2)]条件下土壤中硝态氮水平运移速率和运移浓度。[结果]生物质炭施用对土壤中硝态氮的水平运移速率和水平运移浓度影响显著。随着生物质炭施用量的增加,硝态氮的水平运移速率和水平运移浓度呈先增加后降低的趋势,而土壤水扩散率呈逐渐降低趋势。C5(30t/hm~2)处理下硝态氮的水平运移速率和水平运移浓度均出现最大值,分别为0.67cm/min,165.52mg/kg。随着生物质炭施用量的继续增加,C6(40t/hm~2)处理的硝态氮的水平运移速率和水平运移浓度较C5(30t/hm~2)处理有所降低,硝态氮浓度最大值均出现在湿润峰峰面上。分析影响硝态氮水平运移规律的因素表明,生物质炭降低了土壤的容重、增加了土壤有机碳和孔隙度,从而导致了各处理硝态氮的水平运移规律发生了变化。[结论]生物质炭可以改善土壤的理化性状,促进硝态氮的水平运移,在利用生物质炭改良旱地红壤理化性状的同时,也要注意防止氮素流失对环境的影响,降低其对地表水的潜在污染风险。 相似文献