阿维菌素混剂防治蔬菜害虫试验

３６％辛·阿维ＥＣ２ ０００－３ ０００倍液对小菜蛾防效达８９．７％～９４．９％，其速效性和持效性均明显优于１．８％阿维菌素３ ０００倍液和４０％辛硫磷１０００倍液。１．２％高渗阿维·高氯ＥＣ ４２－５３ｍｌ／６６７ ｍ２，药后５～７天对甜菜夜蛾的防效在 ９０％左右，比两单剂 ０．９％阿维菌素 ＥＣ ５０ ｍｌ／６６７ ｍ２和 ４．５％高效氯氰菊酯 ＥＣ４５ ｍｌ／６６７ ｍ２高出 ２．８～５．９个百分点。２６％毒·阿维乳油 ３ ０００ 倍液，药后 ３～７天对美洲斑潜蝇的防效均在９３％以上。     

35%辛灭乳油防治苹果树上棉铃虫试验

３５％辛灭乳油防治苹果树上棉铃虫试验供试园片为８年生金冠苹果园。药剂处理设３５％辛灭乳油（山东省禹城农药厂生产）１０００、１５００、２０００倍３个浓度，以５０％对硫磷乳油和清水为对照；每处理５株树，重复３次。当６月中下旬田间卵果率达０．５％～１５％时...     

苹果增产菌对苹果霉心病的防治效果

于苹果幼芽萌动期、开花前１～２天、坐果期、幼果期、果实迅速膨大期和成熟前期喷施１０００倍液苹果增产菌。经对幼果心室、萼筒分离培养表明：处理后果实心室和萼筒的有害微生物群落比对照少。成熟期和贮藏期调查表明：成熟期霉心病发病率可降低３．０％～１０．０％，病情指数降低６．７％～３３．２％；贮藏１个月后发病率降低１０．０％～２２．３％，病情指数降低１５．６％～４３．３％。     

强力抗蚜威对桃蚜的毒力及田间药效试验

强力抗蚜威是我国开发的高渗农药新制剂。据用浸渍法对桃蚜毒力测定结果，它的杀虫效力是抗蚜威的２．５倍；对桃蚜的药效试验结果表明，在室内２５％强力抗蚜威可湿性粉剂稀释８０００倍和１６０００倍，药后１、３、５天的校正防效达９５％以上；在田间稀释２５００倍，药后１、３、５天的校正防效为９３．５％～９９．９％，均相当于或略优于５０％抗蚜威相同稀释倍数的效果。因此可作为５０％抗蚜威的替代产品在蔬菜生产中推广应用。     

多效灵对苹果早期落叶病的防治效果

多效灵对苹果早期落叶病的防治效果多效灵为日照市工业学校实验化工厂生产，于麦收前和７月上旬果实膨大期各喷１次，浓度为（１４．５％）１０００倍液，对照药为波尔多液１：２：２００～２５０倍液、２５％代森锰锌７００倍液、５０％扑海因１０００倍液、２５％多菌灵...     

几种杀菌剂对梨黑星病的防治效果

几种杀菌剂对梨黑星病的防治效果试验梨园面积３．３ｈｍ２（公顷），共１０８４株，以花盖梨为主栽品种。从５月２０日开始，每隔半月喷１次药，共喷７次。供试３种药剂的试验结果是：６０％多福灵可湿性粉剂４００倍液、６０％乐必耕可湿性粉剂１０００倍液、多开混剂４...     

多抗霉素对苹果斑点落叶病的防治效果

多抗霉素对苹果斑点落叶病的防治效果供试苹果品种为８年生新红星，设１．５％的多抗霉素３００倍和４００倍两个浓度处理，以５０％代森锰锌５００倍为对照；每处理１０株，重复３次。于５月１５日及６月１日喷两次药，６月２８日调查结果。多抗霉素３００倍、４００倍和...     

4～6月份柑桔,枇杷,杨梅园管理要点

１柑桔１．１病虫防治１．１．１疮痂病一般在春梢芽长０．１～０．２ｃｍ时，花谢２１３时，进行喷药保护；对发病较重的园块，在幼果期间月下旬至６月上旬）再喷一次药剂保护。药剂第１次可选用０．５％～０．８％等量式波尔多液，后三次可用７７％可杀得粉剂４００～６００倍液或７０％甲基托布津粉剂８００～１０００倍液。１．１．２花蕾蛀根据各地虫情发生预测预报，一般于４月上旬进行地面施药，每６６７ｍ２选用３％呋喃丹颗粒剂１．０～１．５ｋｇ，拌细土１５．０ｋｇ，均匀撒于全园地面；其次在柑桔花蕾露白时，进行树冠喷药，可…     

西瓜播种前如何进行选种和种子消毒处理

选种 选用的种子．其贮存时间最好不超过２年；对新买的种子或贮存的种子，在使用前．除进行严格选种外，还必须先做发芽试验，如发芽率低于７０％，则需要更换种子或加大用种量以保证一播全苗。 种子消霉处理１ 药剂消霉①磷酸三钠法。用１０％的磷酸三钠溶液浸泡西瓜种子２０分钟．捞出后洗净，对西瓜花叶病毒防治效果较好；②代森铵浸种。用５００倍５０％代森铵水剂浸泡西瓜种子０．５～１．０小时．然后用清水洗净；③漂白粉消毒法。用２％～４％的漂白粉溶液浸泡西瓜种子０．５小时．取出用水洗净．可杀死种子表面细菌；④多菌灵浸种…     

2.5%木虱毙乳渍防治梨木虱的药效试验

梨木虱为梨树的主要害虫之一，发生猖獗，危害严重，用传统农药品种防效不佳。２．５％木虱毙兼具杀灭梨木虱若虫和卵的效果，适宜稀释度为２０００倍。对或虫药后１５天防效为９７．２％～１００％，与对照药（４．５％高效氯氰菊乳油３０００倍稀稀液）效果相似。校正杀卵率为７１．２％，显著高于对照药（５５．３％）。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.